Revisiting the Need for Feminism and Afrocentric Theory When Treating African-American Female Substance Abusers

African-American women who are addicted to illicit substances are disproportionately over-represented in jails, prisons, and treatment programs. In addition, this group suffers greater deleterious physical and mental health effects of alcohol and drug abuse (McNeece & DiNitto, 1998). When African-American female substance abusers enter treatment or are the focus of intervention research, clinicians and researchers have a distinct opportunity to serve these women in a culturally competent manner and assist in the healing and recovery process. Black feminist theory and Black family theoretical perspectives are explicated as the theoretical underpinnings of the Afrocentric treatment paradigm, which is beneficial in developing culturally sensitive interventions for this group of women. Culturally appropriate treatment tools and interventions are suggested as a means of empowering substance dependent African-American women.

Structural factors affecting women's HIV risk: a life-course example

AIDS and HIV incidence among women continues to escalate in the United States and globally. While several behavior-change interventions have shown promise in helping some women to reduce their risk of HIV infection, numerous barriers continue to prevent many at-risk women from protecting themselves effectively. This paper explores structural interventions that may influence women's HIV risk directly or indirectly. We present the life course of Bobbie, a quasi-hypothetical woman whose circumstances and behaviors are based on those of a woman with whom the first author worked in an HIV risk-reduction program. Her circumstances also reflect those of numerous women who have become infected with HIV. Bobbie's risk-enhancing life events are presented chronologically and, at each step, structural interventions are described that might have had the potential to prevent movement to the next stage. Thus, each stage represents a 'missed opportunity' for employing social and societal interventions to prevent movement along the trajectory leading to HIV infection.