1
|
Jamshidi S, Bokharaei-Salim F, Nahand JS, Monavari SH, Moghoofei M, Garshasbi S, Kalantari S, Esghaei M, Mirzaei H. Evaluation of the expression pattern of 4 microRNAs and their correlation with cellular/viral factors in PBMCs of Long Term non-progressors and HIV infected naïve Individuals. Curr HIV Res 2021; 20:42-53. [PMID: 34493187 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x19666210906143136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term non-progressors (LTNPs) are small subsets of HIV-infected subjects that can control HIV-1 replication for several years without receiving ART. The exact mechanism of HIV-1 suppression has not yet been completely elucidated. Although the modulatory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in HIV-1 replication has been reported, their importance in LTNPs is unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the expression pattern of miR-27b, -29, -150, and -221, as well as their relationship with CD4+ T-cell count, HIV-1 viral load, and nef gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of untreated viremic patients and in LTNPs. METHODS MiRNAs expression levels were evaluated with real-time PCR assay using RNA isolated from PBMCs of LTNPs, HIV-1 infected naive patients, and healthy people. Moreover, CD4 T-cell count, HIV viral load, and nef gene expression were assessed. RESULTS The expression level of all miRNAs significantly decreased in the HIV-1 patient group compared to the control group, while the expression pattern of miRNAs in the LNTPs group was similar to that in the healthy subject group. In addition, there were significant correlations between some miRNA expression with viral load, CD4+ T-cell count, and nef gene expression. CONCLUSION The significant similarity and difference of the miRNA expression pattern between LNTPs and healthy individuals as well as between elite controllers and HIV-infected patients, respectively, showed that these miRNAs could be used as diagnostic biomarkers. Further, positive and negative correlations between miRNAs expression and viral/cellular factors could justify the role of these miRNAs in HIV-1 disease monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sogol Jamshidi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Seyed Hamidreza Monavari
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah. Iran
| | | | - Saeed Kalantari
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Maryam Esghaei
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Franco LC, Morales F, Boffo S, Giordano A. CDK9: A key player in cancer and other diseases. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1273-1284. [PMID: 28722178 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9 (CDK9) is part of a functional diverse group of enzymes responsible for cell cycle control and progression. It associates mainly with Cyclin T1 and forms the Positive Transcription Elongation Factor b (p-TEFb) complex responsible for regulation of transcription elongation and mRNA maturation. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of CDK9 in many relevant pathologic processes, like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and viral replication. Herein we provide an overview of the different pathways in which CDK9 is directly and indirectly involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lia Carolina Franco
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de las Americas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, PA, Pennsylvania
| | - Fátima Morales
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, PA, Pennsylvania.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Boffo
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, PA, Pennsylvania
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, PA, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Luca A, Tosolini A, Russo P, Severino A, Baldi A, De Luca L, Cavallotti I, Baldi F, Giordano A, Testa JR, Paggi MG. Cyclin T2A Gene Maps on Human Chromosome 2q21. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 49:693-8. [PMID: 11373316 DOI: 10.1177/002215540104900603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin T2a was recently identified as one of the regulatory subunits of the cdk–cyclin complex P-TEFb, the most studied positive factor in the regulation of transcription elongation. By fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), the gene codifying for cyclin T2a has been mapped on human chromosome 2q21. This locus also has been linked to different forms of myopathy. By use of a new specific antiserum raised against cyclin T2a, the immunohistochemical pattern of expression of cyclin T2a in human tissues has been examined and compared to that of cyclin T1, described in the previous report. The observation that immunohistochemical expression of cyclin T2a was high in skeletal muscle cells, whereas it was undetectable in two cases of centronuclear myopathy, together with its chromosomal location, suggests an involvement of the cdk9–cyclin T2a complex in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A De Luca
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, CRS, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin LF, Jin JS, Chen JC, Huang CC, Sheu JH, Chen W, Tsao TY, Hsu CW. Positive cyclin T expression as a favorable prognostic factor in treating gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 4:971-975. [PMID: 27284431 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive transcriptional elongation factor b (P-TEFb) contains the catalytic subunit cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (Cdk9) and the regulatory subunit cyclin T. Cyclin T1 and Cdk9 are the key factors of the PTEFb pathways and are overexpressed in the human head and neck carcinoma cell line. However, there have been limited studies regarding the role of cyclin T1 and Cdk9 in gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). The aim of the present study was to assess the association between cyclin T1 and Cdk9 and their clinical significance in gastric GISTs. A total of 30 gastric GIST patients who underwent either laparoscopic or laparotomic partial gastrectomy were enrolled in the study. The surgical tissue slides were stained with Cdk9 and cyclin T1 antibodies, and the immunohistochemistry scores and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed. Ten patients were cyclin T1-positive, and 20 were negative. All 11 patients with recurrent tumors or distant metastases were cyclin T1-negative patients. Old age, large tumor size, a high Ki67 IHC staining score, high mitotic count and negative cyclin T1 staining revealed a worse clinical outcome in univariate analysis. By contrast, the Cdk9 score was not associated with clinical parameters. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve illustrated that the DFS rate of the patients with negative cyclin T1 staining was significantly lower than that of the patients with positive cyclin T1 staining. Positive expression of cyclin T1 was a good prognostic factor in patients with gastric GISTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lien-Fu Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Jong-Shiaw Jin
- Department of Pathology, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Jui-Chang Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chia-Yi University, Chia-Yi 600, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Chia-Chi Huang
- Center of Nano Bio-Detection, National Chung Cheng University Chia-Yi, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Jeng-Horng Sheu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chia-Yi University, Chia-Yi 600, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Wenlung Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chia-Yi University, Chia-Yi 600, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Tang-Yi Tsao
- Department of Pathology, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Chih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chia-Yi University, Chia-Yi 600, Taiwan R.O.C.; Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sonawane YA, Taylor MA, Napoleon JV, Rana S, Contreras JI, Natarajan A. Cyclin Dependent Kinase 9 Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8667-8684. [PMID: 27171036 PMCID: PMC5636177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors
have been the topic of intense research for nearly 2 decades due to
their widely varied and critical functions within the cell. Recently
CDK9 has emerged as a druggable target for the development of cancer
therapeutics. CDK9 plays a crucial role in transcription regulation;
specifically, CDK9 mediated transcriptional regulation of short-lived
antiapoptotic proteins is critical for the survival of transformed
cells. Focused chemical libraries based on a plethora of scaffolds
have resulted in mixed success with regard to the development of selective
CDK9 inhibitors. Here we review the regulation of CDK9, its cellular
functions, and common core structures used to target CDK9, along with
their selectivity profile and efficacy in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh A Sonawane
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6805, United States
| | - Margaret A Taylor
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6805, United States
| | - John Victor Napoleon
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6805, United States
| | - Sandeep Rana
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6805, United States
| | - Jacob I Contreras
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6805, United States
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6805, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jin JS, Lin LF, Chen JC, Huang CC, Sheu JH, Chen W, Tsao TY, Hsu CW. Increased cyclin T1 expression as a favorable prognostic factor in treating gastric adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3712-3718. [PMID: 26788195 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of cyclin A, B1, D1 and E in gastric adenocarcinoma is known to be associated with clinical outcome. However, few studies have investigated the role of cyclin T1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) in gastric adenocarcinoma. Therefore, this study assessed the clinical significance of cyclin T1 and CDK9 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma. A total of 39 gastric adenocarcinoma patients received either radical total or distal gastrectomy in this study. Surgical tissue slides were stained with CDK9 and cyclin T1 antibodies, and immunohistochemistry scores and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were analyzed. Among the 19 patients with tumor-recurrent or distant metastasis, 16 were recorded as exhibiting low expression of cyclin T1. The remaining three patients exhibited high expression of the antibody. The results of patients with a higher T stage, N stage and tumor grade were less favorable. For patients with adenocarcinoma, the percentage of tissue slides stained with cyclin T1 was significantly higher than for those with normal stomach epithelia. The DFS rates of patients with low expression of cyclin T1 were significantly associated with poorer DFS rates. In conclusion, high expression of cyclin T1 is a favorable prognostic factor in treating patients with stomach adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Shiaw Jin
- Department of Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 43503, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Lien-Fu Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 43503, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jui-Chang Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chia-Yi 60004, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Chi Huang
- Center of Nano Bio-detection, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jeng-Horng Sheu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chia-Yi 60004, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wenlung Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chia-Yi 60004, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tang-Yi Tsao
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 43503, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chia-Yi 60004, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 43503, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
De Luca A, De Falco M, Manente L, Dattilo D, Lucariello A, Esposito V, Gnarini M, Citro G, Baldi A, Tufano MA, Iaquinto G. Helicobacter pylori heat shock protein B (HspB) localizes in vivo in the gastric mucosa and MALT lymphoma. J Cell Physiol 2008; 216:78-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
8
|
Leucci E, De Falco G, Onnis A, Cerino G, Cocco M, Luzzi A, Crupi D, Tigli C, Bellan C, Tosi P, Leoncini L, Giordano A. The role of the Cdk9/Cyclin T1 complex in T cell differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2007; 212:411-5. [PMID: 17352406 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Cdk9/Cyclin T1 complex is very important in controlling specific differentiative pathways of several cell types, including muscle cells and neurons. We recently demonstrated the involvement of this complex in B cell activation/differentiation. To check whether the Cdk9/Cyclin T1 complex is also involved in the T cell activation/differentiation process, we isolated different T cell populations by magnetic separation, based on their surface antigens. We observed that the expression level of Cdk9/Cyclin T1 increases in effector T cells (CD27(+)), as well as in activated T cells (CD25(+)) and memory T cells (CD45RA(-)), thus suggesting a specific upregulation of the Cdk9/Cyclin T1 complex following antigen encounter. We have previously demonstrated that in B cells, Cdk9 interacts in vivo with the E2A gene products E12/E47 (members of the basic helix-loop-helix family) which are involved in differentiation. In this article, we show that this interaction also occurs in T cells. This suggests an active role for the Cdk9/Cyclin T1 complex during lymphoid differentiation, through physical binding with E12 and E47. These preliminary results suggest that the Cdk9/Cyclin T1 complex may be important in the activation and differentiation program of lymphoid cells and that its upregulation, which is due to still unknown mechanisms, may contribute to malignant transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Leucci
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cottone G, Baldi A, Palescandolo E, Manente L, Penta R, Paggi MG, De Luca A. Pkn is a novel partner of cyclin T2a in muscle differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2006; 207:232-7. [PMID: 16331689 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to find novel partners of human Cyclin T2a, we performed a two-hybrid screening in yeast using the full-length cDNA of this cyclin as bait, and a human heart cDNA library as preys source. Upon several interesting genes selected, our attention has been focused on the cDNA coding for PKNalpha, a fatty acid- and Rho-activated serine/threonine protein kinase, having a catalytic domain homologous to protein kinase C family. Co-immunoprecipitation and in vitro pull-down assays independently confirmed the interaction between the two proteins. Luciferase assays, performed on NIH3T3 cell extracts after transfection with a MyoD-responsive promoter, pointed out that PKNalpha was able to enhance MyoD-dependent transcription, and that this effect was further increased when cyclin T2a was co-overexpressed. Finally, overexpression of both Cyclin T2a and PKNalpha in C2C12 cells strongly enhanced the expression of myogenic differentiation markers, such as Myogenin and Myosin Heavy Chain, during starvation-induced differentiation. Taken together, our data strengthen the hypothesis that Cyclin T2a plays a role in muscle differentiation, and propose PKNalpha as a novel partner of Cyclin T2a in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Cottone
- Department for the Development of Therapeutic Programs, Center for Experimental Research, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Hijacking of the host cell’s signal transduction machinery has been increasingly regarded as an important strategy for facilitating virus propagation. The positive-transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb) complex, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)9/cyclin T1, is an example of such an attack by HIV. Upon infection of cells, the HIV protein transactivator of transcription (Tat) forms a highly specific complex with the two host cell proteins CDK9 and cyclin T1. This complex ensures phosphorylation of the native CDK9 substrate, RNA polymerase II, leading to productive elongation of viral RNA in the host cell. Although challenging, inhibition of CDK9 activity with small molecules is a therapeutically valid strategy to inhibit HIV replication. Other than direct antiviral agents, that inhibit HIV replication through a direct interaction with viral proteins, CDK9 inhibitors might not suffer from the emergence of resistant virus strains. This review outlines the advantages and prospects of selective CDK9 inhibitors in the management of HIV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bert M Klebl
- GPC Biotech AG, Fraunhoferstr. 20, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Axel Choidas
- GPC Biotech AG, Fraunhoferstr. 20, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Caldwell RL, Lane KB, Shepherd VL. HIV-1 Tat interaction with cyclin T1 represses mannose receptor and the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2 transcription. Arch Biochem Biophys 2006; 449:27-33. [PMID: 16615932 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2006.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2005] [Revised: 02/24/2006] [Accepted: 02/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage transcription is significantly altered by HIV-1 infection. HIV Tat, an immediate-early product of the viral lifecycle, interacts with host transcription factors to alter host gene expression. We have previously shown that Tat represses transcription from the mannose receptor (MR) and the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2 (BMPR2) promoters. The current study shows that transcriptional repression of these receptors involves Tat interaction with cyclin T1. Assays using U937 human monocytic cells transiently expressing MR or BMPR2 promoter-luciferase constructs demonstrated equal repression by one- and two-exon Tat gene products. A mutant Tat expression vector encoding Tat protein lacking the cyclin T1 binding domain failed to inhibit MR and BMPR2 promoter activities. Over-expression of cyclin T1 in the presence of wild-type Tat resulted in recovered activity from both promoters. Finally, two inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (a dominant negative CDK9 and flavopiridol) repressed activity from the MR and BMPR2 promoters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Caldwell
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Iankova I, Petersen RK, Annicotte JS, Chavey C, Hansen JB, Kratchmarova I, Sarruf D, Benkirane M, Kristiansen K, Fajas L. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma recruits the positive transcription elongation factor b complex to activate transcription and promote adipogenesis. Mol Endocrinol 2006; 20:1494-505. [PMID: 16484339 PMCID: PMC2259259 DOI: 10.1210/me.2005-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) phosphorylates the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, facilitating transcriptional elongation. In addition to its participation in general transcription, P-TEFb is recruited to specific promoters by some transcription factors such as c-Myc or MyoD. The P-TEFb complex is composed of a cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk9) subunit and a regulatory partner (cyclin T1, cyclin T2, or cyclin K). Because cdk9 has been shown to participate in differentiation processes, such as muscle cell differentiation, we studied a possible role of cdk9 in adipogenesis. In this study we show that the expression of the cdk9 p55 isoform is highly regulated during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation at RNA and protein levels. Furthermore, cdk9, as well as cyclin T1 and cyclin T2, shows differences in nuclear localization at distinct stages of adipogenesis. Overexpression of cdk9 increases the adipogenic potential of 3T3-L1 cells, whereas inhibition of cdk9 by specific cdk inhibitors, and dominant-negative cdk9 mutant impairs adipogenesis. We show that the positive effects of cdk9 on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells are mediated by a direct interaction with and phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which is the master regulator of this process, on the promoter of PPARgamma target genes. PPARgamma-cdk9 interaction results in increased transcriptional activity of PPARgamma and therefore increased adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Iankova
- Endocrinologie moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers
INSERM : U540Université Montpellier I60 rue de Navacelles
34090 Montpellier,FR
| | - Rasmus K. Petersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
University of Southern DenmarkDK-5230 Odense M,DK
| | - Jean-Sébastien Annicotte
- Endocrinologie moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers
INSERM : U540Université Montpellier I60 rue de Navacelles
34090 Montpellier,FR
| | - Carine Chavey
- Endocrinologie moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers
INSERM : U540Université Montpellier I60 rue de Navacelles
34090 Montpellier,FR
| | - Jacob B. Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
University of Southern DenmarkDK-5230 Odense M,DK
| | - Irina Kratchmarova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
University of Southern DenmarkDK-5230 Odense M,DK
| | - David Sarruf
- Endocrinologie moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers
INSERM : U540Université Montpellier I60 rue de Navacelles
34090 Montpellier,FR
| | - Monsef Benkirane
- IGH, Institut de génétique humaine
CNRS : UPR1142institut de Génétique humaine
141 Rue de la Cardonille
34396 MONTPELLIER CEDEX 5,FR
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
University of Southern DenmarkDK-5230 Odense M,DK
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Endocrinologie moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers
INSERM : U540Université Montpellier I60 rue de Navacelles
34090 Montpellier,FR
- Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve
CHRU MontpellierHôpital Arnaud de VilleneuveUniversité Montpellier IMontpellier,FR
- * Correspondence should be adressed to: Lluis Lf Fajas
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bellan C, De Falco G, Lazzi S, Micheli P, Vicidomini S, Schürfeld K, Amato T, Palumbo A, Bagella L, Sabattini E, Bartolommei S, Hummel M, Pileri S, Tosi P, Leoncini L, Giordano A. CDK9/CYCLIN T1 expression during normal lymphoid differentiation and malignant transformation. J Pathol 2004; 203:946-52. [PMID: 15258998 DOI: 10.1002/path.1588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CDK9 is a member of the CDC2-like family of kinases. Its cyclin partners are members of the CYCLIN T family (T1, T2a, and T2b) and CYCLIN K. The CDK9/CYCLIN T1 complex is very important in the differentiation programme of several cell types, controlling specific differentiation pathways. Limited data are available regarding the expression of CDK9/CYCLIN T1 in haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. The aim of this study was to analyse the expression of the CDK9/CYCLIN T1 complex in lymphoid tissue, in order to assess its role in B- and T-cell differentiation and lymphomagenesis. CDK9/CYCLIN T1 expression was found by immunohistochemistry in precursor B and T cells. In peripheral lymphoid tissues, germinal centre cells and scattered B- and T-cell blasts in interfollicular areas expressed CDK9/CYCLIN T1, while mantle cells, plasma cells, and small resting T-lymphocytes displayed no expression of either molecule. CDK9/CYCLIN T1 expression therefore appears to be related to particular stages of lymphoid differentiation/activation. CDK9 and CYCLIN T1 were highly expressed in lymphomas derived from precursor B and T cells, from germinal centre cells, such as follicular lymphomas, and from activated T cells (ie anaplastic large cell lymphomas). Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma also showed strong nuclear staining. Diffuse large B-cell, Burkitt's lymphomas, and peripheral T-cell lymphomas, among T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, showed a wide range of values. No expression of CDK9 or CYCLIN T1 was detected in mantle cell and marginal zone lymphomas. However, at the mRNA level, an imbalance in the CDK9/CYCLIN T1 ratio was found in follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with germinal centre phenotype, and in the cell lines of classical Hodgkin's lymphomas, Burkitt's lymphomas, and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, in comparison with reactive lymph nodes. These results suggest that the CDK9/CYCLIN T1 complex may affect the activation and differentiation programme of lymphoid cells. The molecular mechanism through which the CDK9/CYCLIN T1 complex is altered in malignant transformation needs to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Bellan
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mata X, Besnard N, Le Roux K, Tilly G, Andréoletti O, Hudrisier M, Costa Da Silva J, Laude H, Vilotte JL. Unexpected high testis-specific transcriptional activity of the cyclin T1 promoter in transgenic mice. FEBS Lett 2003; 549:163-6. [PMID: 12914944 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed cyclin T1 gene encodes for a protein involved in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transcription activation. The goat gene was recently shown to share an expression pattern similar to that of its endogenous counterpart when incorporated into mice using a BAC insert. To assess if its promoter could target ubiquitous expression of the bovine Prnp in transgenic mice, two constructs carrying either 1 or 30 kb of cyclin T1 5'-flanking sequences were built and microinjected. Both constructs resulted in the unexpected high male germ cell-specific expression of the prion protein. These data re-question the suspected location of the cyclin T1 gene regulatory elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Mata
- Laboratoire de Génétique Biochimique et de Cytogénétique, INRA, 78352 Cedex, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
De Falco M, Laforgia V, Valiante S, Virgilio F, Varano L, De Luca A. Different patterns of expression of five neuropeptides in the adrenal gland and kidney of two species of frog. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2002; 34:21-6. [PMID: 12365796 DOI: 10.1023/a:1021387623735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to demonstrate in the adrenocortical and renal tissues of two species of frog, Rana italica and Rana esculenta, the presence and distribution of five neuropeptides: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), Leu-enkephalin (Leu-ENK), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). In anurans, the adrenal medulla is the site for the synthesis, storage and secretion of not only catecholamines but also various peptides. These peptides should not be regarded only as neurotransmitters or modulators for the secretion of catecholamines, but also as hormonal substances that induce systemic effects. All the peptides studied (ANP, Leu-ENK, NPY, SP and VIP) are present in both organs. However, different patterns of expression were observed for some of the peptides in two frogs. Immunopositivity to ANP was found in small clusters of chromaffin cells in both frogs whereas a clear strong positivity was present only in Rana esculenta kidney. Large clusters of chromaffin cells were immunoreactive to Leu-ENK in Rana italica but there were approximately 25% fewer compared to the positive cells present in Rana esculenta. Epithelial cells of renal tubules showed strong immunopositivity to Leu-ENK in Rana esculenta but not in Rana italica. A large number of adrenal cells (70-80%) were immunoreactive to NPY in Rana italica, while in Rana esculenta this peptide was localized in small clusters of chromaffin cells. Both frogs showed many NPY-positive cells in kidney. Many chromaffin cells were found positive to SP and VIP. A strong positivity was also observed in kidney in both frogs. These observations suggest a possible role of these peptides in the control of the physiological functions of adrenal glands and kidney of the two species of frogs studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Falco
- Department of Evolutive and Comparative Biology, Naples University Federico II, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
De Falco M, Laforgia V, Fedele V, De Luca L, Cottone G, De Falco G, De Luca A. Vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulation modulates the expression of Bcl-2 family members in the adrenal gland of the lizard Podarcis sicula. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2001; 33:639-45. [PMID: 12197672 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016302400996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The adrenal gland of the lizard Podarcis sicula is formed by a dorsal ribbon of chromaffin cells, generally defined as medullary tissue, arranged along a central part of steroidogenic cells considered as cortical tissue. These two tissues produce catecholamines and steroids as part of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal gland axis. Recent studies have demonstrated that Podarcis sicula adrenal gland is not only under hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis control but that several peptides may influence the physiological activity of the gland; among these, vasoactive intestinal peptide is able to enhance strongly both catecholamine and steroid hormone production. The aim of the present study was to verify whether vasoactive intestinal peptide administration could become deleterious. For this reason, we monitored the pattern of expression of two members of the Bcl-2 family, Bcl-2 and Bax, in control and vasoactive intestinal peptide treated specimens. Furthermore, we also tested if peptide treatment induces apoptosis by TUNEL assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M De Falco
- Department of Evolutive and Comparative Biology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|