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Liu C, Zhao Q, Zeng W, Chen C, Ming J, Wang S, Xiong Y, Zhang C, Chen T, Liu Z, Huang T. Do patients with oxyphilic cell papillary thyroid carcinoma have a poor prognosis? Analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database 2004-2013 with propensity score matching. Oncotarget 2017; 8:77075-77085. [PMID: 29100371 PMCID: PMC5652765 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of oxyphilic cell papillary thyroid carcinoma (OCPTC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognosis of OCPTC and provide a new perspective on treatment guidelines for these patients. We investigated a large cohort of DTC patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2013. Patient mortality was examined by Kaplan-Meier analyses with log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. In the study cohort, the rate of cancer-specific mortality per 1000 person-years for OCPTC was lower than that for classic papillary thyroid cancer (CPTC) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). According to the multivariate Cox regression model, the cancer-specific and all-cause mortality rates of OCPTC were similar to that of CPTC and FTC. The cancer-specific survival rate in patients with OCPTC was higher than that in patients with FTC, but similar to patients with CPTC, after matching for influential factors using propensity score matching analysis. The unanticipated prognosis provided new implications for the treatment of patients with OCPTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qiuyang Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jie Ming
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shuntao Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yiquan Xiong
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianwen Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zeming Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Mao Y, Tokudome T, Kishimoto I. Ghrelin as a treatment for cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension 2014; 64:450-4. [PMID: 24958496 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Mao
- From the Department of Biochemistry (Y.M., T.T.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokudome
- From the Department of Biochemistry (Y.M., T.T.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kishimoto
- From the Department of Biochemistry (Y.M., T.T.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.
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Máximo V, Rios E, Sobrinho-Simões M. Oncocytic Lesions of the Thyroid, Kidney, Salivary Glands, Adrenal Cortex, and Parathyroid Glands. Int J Surg Pathol 2014; 22:33-6. [DOI: 10.1177/1066896913517938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oncocytic cell represents a special phenotype of neoplastic cells reflecting a unique biologic process characterized by the huge proliferation of morphologically abnormal mitochondria in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells. This phenotype is driven by quite specific molecular mechanisms that interfere with mitochondrial function and metabolism. The oncocytic phenotype is more common in tumors arising in tissues presenting low proliferative rate, such as thyroid, kidney, salivary glands, adrenal cortex, and parathyroid glands, and it is superimposed on the genotypic and conventional histologic features of the tumors. In this short review, we address the similarity of the molecular alterations and of the biological features of the neoplastic cells in the oncocytic tumors of the different organs. We also discuss the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant oncocytic tumors as well as the prognosis of the malignant ones. We conclude that this rather unique phenotype, which is observed in tumors from different organs, indicates common metabolic alterations that may represent a useful target for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdemar Máximo
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Rios
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar S. João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Sobrinho-Simões
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar S. João, Porto, Portugal
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Soares P, Lima J, Preto A, Castro P, Vinagre J, Celestino R, Couto JP, Prazeres H, Eloy C, Máximo V, Sobrinho-Simões M. Genetic alterations in poorly differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas. Curr Genomics 2012; 12:609-17. [PMID: 22654560 PMCID: PMC3271313 DOI: 10.2174/138920211798120853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid gland presents a wide spectrum of tumours derived from follicular cells that range from well differentiated, papillary and follicular carcinoma (PTC and FTC, respectively), usually carrying a good prognosis, to the clinically aggressive, poorly differentiated (PDTC) and undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma (UTC).It is usually accepted that PDTC and UTC occur either de novo or progress from a pre-existing well differentiated carcinoma through a multistep process of genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to clonal expansion and neoplastic development. Mutations and epigenetic alterations in PDTC and UTC are far from being totally clarified. Assuming that PDTC and UTC may derive from well differentiated thyroid carcinomas (WDTC), it is expected that some PDTC and UTC would harbour genetic alterations that are typical of PTC and FTC. This is the case for some molecular markers (BRAF and NRAS) that are present in WDTC, PDTC and UTC. Other genes, namely P53, are almost exclusively detected in less differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid tumours, supporting a diagnosis of PDTC or, much more often, UTC. Thyroid-specific rearrangements RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARγ, on the other hand, are rarely found in PDTC and UTC, suggesting that these genetic alterations do not predispose cells to dedifferentiation. In the present review we have summarized the molecular changes associated with the two most aggressive types of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Soares
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Máximo V, Lima J, Prazeres H, Soares P, Sobrinho-Simões M. The biology and the genetics of Hurthle cell tumors of the thyroid. Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19:R131-47. [PMID: 22514109 DOI: 10.1530/erc-11-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The biology and the genetics of Hürthle cell tumors are reviewed starting from the characterization and differential diagnosis of the numerous benign and malignant, neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions of the thyroid in which Hürthle cell transformation is frequently observed. The clinicopathologic and molecular evidence obtained from the comparative study of the aforementioned conditions indicate that Hürthle cell appearance represents a phenotype that is superimposed on the genotypic and conventional histopathologic features of the tumors. Hürthle cell tumors differ from their non-Hürthle counterparts regarding the prevalence of large deletions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), mutations of mtDNA genes coding for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins (namely mutations of complex I subunit genes) and mutations of nuclear genes coding also for mitochondrial OXPHOS proteins. Such mitochondrial alterations lead to energy production defects in Hürthle cell tumors; the increased proliferation of mitochondria may reflect a compensatory mechanism for such defects and is associated with the overexpression of factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. The mitochondrial abnormalities are also thought to play a major role in the predisposition for necrosis instead of apoptosis which seems to be blocked in most Hürthle cell tumors. Finally, the results obtained in experimental models using cybrid cell lines and the data obtained from histopathologic and molecular studies of familial Hürthle cell tumors are used, together with the aforementioned genetic and epigenetic alterations, to progress in the understanding of the mechanisms through which mitochondrial abnormalities may be involved in the different steps of thyroid carcinogenesis, from tumor initiation to metastization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdemar Máximo
- Institute of Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Stankov K, Landi S, Gioia-Patricola L, Bonora E, Volante M, Papotti M, Romeo G. GSTT1 and M1 polymorphisms in Hürthle thyroid cancer patients. Cancer Lett 2006; 240:76-82. [PMID: 16427734 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2005] [Revised: 08/25/2005] [Accepted: 08/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GST) are an important part of cell defense against numerous genotoxic compounds and ROS. In order to test the possibility of association between the GSTT1 and M1 null allele variant, and the risk of TCO (thyroid carcinoma with cell oxyphilia), a case-control study was carried out. The rationale for our study was that according to the important roles of GST enzymes in cells and association of GST null genotypes with many types of tumors, inactivating polymorphisms may be genetic susceptibility factors in the etiology of oxyphilic thyroid tumors characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, increased ROS production and resistance to chemio- and radio-therapy. We found the frequency of GSTT1 null genotype of 19.2% in cases and 15.7% in controls, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.4 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.70-2.81), and a frequency of GSTM1 null genotype of 59% in cases with oxyphilic tumors and of 55.6% in controls (OR 1.24; 95% CI, 0.62-2.48), indicating that the GSTT1 and M1 null genotypes do not increase the risk of development of oxyphilic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmen Stankov
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Cardioangiologia ed Epatologia, Unita' Operativa di Genetica Medica, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Pad. 11, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Panidis D, Farmakiotis D, Koliakos G, Rousso D, Kourtis A, Katsikis I, Asteriadis C, Karayannis V, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Comparative study of plasma ghrelin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, in hyperandrogenic women and in normal controls. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:2127-32. [PMID: 15890737 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ghrelin is a novel peptide associated with energy balance, obesity, and perhaps gonadal function. The present study was designed in order: (i) to compare plasma ghrelin levels between women with PCOS, women who presented only with hyperandrogenaemia and healthy controls; and (ii) to investigate the relationship between circulating ghrelin and the heterogeneity of clinical and biochemical manifestations of PCOS. METHODS Two hundred and fifty-nine women with PCOS, 25 women who had only hyperandrogenaemia and 46 controls, were studied. Women with PCOS were further divided, based on the presence of chronic anovulation, biochemical hyperandrogenaemia, clinical hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovary morphology on ultrasound evaluation. In all women, the basal levels of gonadotrophins, androgens, 17-OH-progesterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, glucose, insulin and ghrelin were measured. RESULTS Women with PCOS had lower ghrelin levels, compared to both women with hyperandrogenaemia and controls; women with hyperandrogenaemia had lower ghrelin levels, compared to controls, but not significantly so. While PCOS-associated hyperandrogenaemia was inversely related to ghrelin levels, anovulation and polycystic ovary morphology were associated with higher concentrations. Ghrelin levels were negatively correlated with 17-OH-progesterone levels. CONCLUSIONS In PCOS, circulating ghrelin and androgens are inversely related and it is possible that this peptide is involved in steroidal synthesis and/or action. It is also likely that different clinical and biochemical manifestations of the syndrome are also associated with different ghrelin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Panidis
- Division of Endocrinology and Human Reproduction, Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
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van der Lely AJ, Tschöp M, Heiman ML, Ghigo E. Biological, physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacological aspects of ghrelin. Endocr Rev 2004; 25:426-57. [PMID: 15180951 DOI: 10.1210/er.2002-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 802] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a peptide predominantly produced by the stomach. Ghrelin displays strong GH-releasing activity. This activity is mediated by the activation of the so-called GH secretagogue receptor type 1a. This receptor had been shown to be specific for a family of synthetic, peptidyl and nonpeptidyl GH secretagogues. Apart from a potent GH-releasing action, ghrelin has other activities including stimulation of lactotroph and corticotroph function, influence on the pituitary gonadal axis, stimulation of appetite, control of energy balance, influence on sleep and behavior, control of gastric motility and acid secretion, and influence on pancreatic exocrine and endocrine function as well as on glucose metabolism. Cardiovascular actions and modulation of proliferation of neoplastic cells, as well as of the immune system, are other actions of ghrelin. Therefore, we consider ghrelin a gastrointestinal peptide contributing to the regulation of diverse functions of the gut-brain axis. So, there is indeed a possibility that ghrelin analogs, acting as either agonists or antagonists, might have clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aart J van der Lely
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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Allìa E, Cassoni P, Marrocco T, Volante M, Bussolati B, Wong M, Clark OH, Papotti M. Oxyphilic and non-oxyphilic thyroid carcinoma cell lines differ in expressing apoptosis-related genes. J Endocrinol Invest 2003; 26:660-7. [PMID: 14594119 DOI: 10.1007/bf03347026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxyphilic tumors of the thyroid are characterized by mitochondrion-rich cells and extensive DNA fragmentation. In order to clarify if a different expression of apoptosis-related genes could be responsible for DNA fragmentation in oxyphilic cell tumors, two thyroid follicular carcinoma-derived cell lines, having oxyphilic (XTC.UC1) and non-oxyphilic (WRO) features, were compared applying a gene array technique. Under basal culture conditions, several pro-apoptotic genes [caspases 3 and 10, Fas and the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (trail) genes] were switched on in oxyphilic, but not in non-oxyphilic cells. No difference in the mitochondrial apoptosis-related genes (bax, bad, bcl family etc.) was observed. Using the ISEL technique, the extent of DNA fragmentation did not differ under basal conditions in the two cell lines. Conversely, following an oxidative pro-apoptotic stress (6-h methylene blue treatment and light exposure), XTC.UC1 cells showed an extensive DNA fragmentation (up to 70% of cells), dramatically exceeding that observed in WRO cells (up to 20% of cells). In contrast, the oxidative stimulus induced a remarkable apoptosis gene activation in non-oxyphilic WRO cells only. These results suggest that oxyphilic cells may have a unique silent activation of a pro-apoptotic phenotype, which could be responsible for DNA instability and lead to cell death as the consequence of an increased sensitivity to ischemic stresses, as frequently observed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Allìa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Karatsaidis A, Schreurs O, Helgeland K, Axéll T, Schenck K. Erythematous and reticular forms of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid reactions differ in pathological features related to disease activity. J Oral Pathol Med 2003; 32:275-81. [PMID: 12694351 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2003.00134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common clinical forms of oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid reactions (OLR) are erythematous (ERY) or reticular (RET). The purpose of this study was to find histopathological changes that differ between these forms. METHODS Epithelial thickness, epithelial proliferation rate, apoptosis, and HLA-DR expression were compared among 10 reticular and 12 erythematous lesions, and 11 normal oral mucosa samples (NOM). RESULTS The epithelium in ERY was thinner than in NOM, whereas RET showed values between ERY and NOM. Cell proliferation increased significantly in ERY as compared with RET and NOM, with no difference between RET and NOM. Relative numbers of epithelial cell nuclei displaying visible chromatin condensation were reduced in ERY form. CONCLUSIONS The markedly increased cell proliferation in ERY supports the notion that this form displays a higher disease activity as compared to RET. It can therefore be important to study each disease form separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Karatsaidis
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Chapter 9. Ghrelin receptor modulators. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(03)38010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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