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Hematological Changes in Sika Doe and Suckling Fawn Fed with Spent Mushroom Substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151984. [PMID: 35953973 PMCID: PMC9367358 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sika deer velvet antler is the most important animal nutraceutic in traditional Chinese medicine. Reducing the breeding cost of sika deer by looking for a low-cost diet is the main research direction at present. The purpose of this experiment was to find an alternative diet for sika deer and reduce the cost of the diet by using spent mushroom substrate (SMS) as a concentrate supplement. The apparent digestibility for sika doe and the hematological changes of sika doe and suckling fawn were measured by replacing 10% of the concentrate supplement with SMS of Pleurotus ostreatus (SMS-MP). Compared with the control group, the digestibility of dry matter (DM), total protein (TP), globulin (GLO), and cholesterol (CHOL) of sika doe were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), and glucose (GLU), alanine (Ala), phenylalanine (Phe), and proline (Pro) of sika doe were significantly increased (p < 0.05) after the replacement of SMS-MP. Compared with the control group, the serum GLU of suckling fawn was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and the phosphatase (ALP) was significantly increased after the replacement of SMS-MP (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the immune globulin and amino acid of suckling fawns between the two groups (p > 0.05). The present findings confirm the applicability of SMS-MP as a sika doe concentrate supplement. At the same time, using SMS, a waste resource, can not only reduce the breeding cost of sika doe, but also make full use of SMS to reduce environmental pollution.
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Wang K, Seol H, Liu X, Wang H, Cheng G, Kim S. Ultralow-Fouling Zwitterionic Polyurethane-Modified Membranes for Rapid Separation of Plasma from Whole Blood. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10115-10125. [PMID: 34379427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The separation of plasma from blood cells in whole blood is an essential step for many diagnostic and therapeutic applications. However, the current point-of-care plasma separation approaches have not yet satisfied the need for a rapid, high-flux, and low-cost process. Here, we report a portable, low-cost, disposable membrane-based plasma separation device that enables rapid plasma extraction from whole blood. Rapid separation of plasma can be obtained with a simple three-step operation: blood injection, separation, and plasma collection. Our device benefits from the zwitterionic polyurethane-modified cellulose acetate (PCBU-CA) membrane, which can greatly inhibit the surface fouling of blood cells and membrane flux decline. The zwitterionic coating is stable on the membrane surface during blood filtration and leads to a 60% decrease in surface fibrinogen adsorption than a nonmodified membrane surface. The ultralow-blood-fouling properties of the PCBU-CA membrane enable rapid, continuous separation of plasma: within 10 min, the device can yield 0.5-0.7 mL of plasma from 10 mL of whole blood. The extracted plasma is verified as cell-free, exhibits a low hemoglobin level, and has a high protein recovery. Our PCBU-CA membrane provides a pathway for developing a high-efficiency portable plasma separation device that can reduce the time to diagnosis, allow effective patient care, and eventually reduce hospital costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Hyang Seol
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Huifeng Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Sangil Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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Shivnath N, Siddiqui S, Rawat V, Khan MS, Arshad M. Solanum xanthocarpum fruit extract promotes chondrocyte proliferation in vitro and protects cartilage damage in collagenase induced osteoarthritic rats (article reference number: JEP 114028). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114028. [PMID: 33775807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disease, is characterized by cartilage erosion and matrix degradation. Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. fruits (SXF) and leaves have long been used as folk remedy in the treatment of pain in rheumatism. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical components and protective benefits of SXF on in vitro chondrocytes proliferation, and in vivo suppression of collagenase-induced OA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical components in ethanolic SXF extract were evaluated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Effect of SXF on in vitro cell proliferation of primary chondrocytes was determined by cell proliferation assay and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry. OA was induced in the right knees of rats through intra-articular injection of collagenase type-II. To evaluate in vivo preventive function of SXF, body weight, blood ALP, histopathological changes in the knee joint, proteoglycan, and collagen content were determined. The mRNA expression of COL-2, MMP-3 and COX-2 genes through qRT-PCR was studied. Antioxidant activities, total phenolics and flavonoid contents of SXF were also examined. RESULTS GC-MS analysis revealed that SXF constitutes 28 phytochemicals including flavonoids (3-methoxy apigenin, quercetin, luteolin), tannin (quinic acid), terpenes (oleanolic acid, lupeol, psi.psi carotene), phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol), and ascorbic acid. In vitro studies demonstrated that SXF enhanced the cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and has no cytotoxic effect on primary chondrocytes. In vivo study suggests that SXF protects the cartilage destruction induced by collagenase. The histological study revealed that SXF restored the synthesis of collagen and proteoglycan, vital factors for cartilage restoration, and reduced the arthritic score. An up-regulation in COL-2 expression and suppression of MMP-3 and COX-2 were detected by qRT-PCR analysis. Thus, in vivo study suggests the protective effects of SXF on cartilage destruction induced by collagenase. CONCLUSIONS Our results imply that SXF benefits and ameliorates OA by enhancing the chondrocytes proliferation and preventing the articular cartilage damage through the restoration of their structural molecules, arthritic score reduction, suppression of MMP-3 and COX-2 expression level and up regulation of COL-2 genes expression. These results suggest that SXF could be a promising alternative treatment candidate for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Shivnath
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vineeta Rawat
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Sajid Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Arshad
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Johns JL, Moorhead KA, Hu J, Moorhead RC. Bias due to Preanalytical Dilution of Rodent Serum for Biochemical Analysis on the Siemens Dimension Xpand Plus. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:3. [PMID: 29497614 PMCID: PMC5818404 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical pathology testing of rodents is often challenging due to insufficient sample volume. One solution in clinical veterinary and exploratory research environments is dilution of samples prior to analysis. However, published information on the impact of preanalytical sample dilution on rodent biochemical data is incomplete. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of preanalytical sample dilution on biochemical analysis of mouse and rat serum samples utilizing the Siemens Dimension Xpand Plus. Rats were obtained from end of study research projects. Mice were obtained from sentinel testing programs. For both, whole blood was collected via terminal cardiocentesis into empty tubes and serum was harvested. Biochemical parameters were measured on fresh and thawed frozen samples run straight and at dilution factors 2-10. Dilutions were performed manually, utilizing either ultrapure water or enzyme diluent per manufacturer recommendations. All diluted samples were generated directly from the undiluted sample. Preanalytical dilution caused clinically unacceptable bias in most analytes at dilution factors four and above. Dilution-induced bias in total calcium, creatinine, total bilirubin, and uric acid was considered unacceptable with any degree of dilution, based on the more conservative of two definitions of acceptability. Dilution often caused electrolyte values to fall below assay range precluding evaluation of bias. Dilution-induced bias occurred in most biochemical parameters to varying degrees and may render dilution unacceptable in the exploratory research and clinical veterinary environments. Additionally, differences between results obtained at different dilution factors may confound statistical comparisons in research settings. Comparison of data obtained at a single dilution factor is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Johns
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Kaitlin A Moorhead
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Roberta C Moorhead
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Ma N, Liu XW, Yang YJ, Shen DS, Zhao XL, Mohamed I, Kong XJ, Li JY. Evaluation on antithrombotic effect of aspirin eugenol ester from the view of platelet aggregation, hemorheology, TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α and blood biochemistry in rat model. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:108. [PMID: 27296110 PMCID: PMC4907079 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Based on the prodrug principle, aspirin and eugenol, as starting precursors, were esterified to synthesize aspirin eugenol ester (AEE). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antithrombotic effect of AEE in an animal disease model. In order to compare the therapeutic effects of AEE and its precursors, aspirin, eugenol and a combination of aspirin and eugenol were designed at the same molar quantities as the AEE medium dose in the control group. Methods After oral administration of AEE (dosed at 18, 36 and 72 mg/kg) for seven days, rats were treated with k-carrageenan to induce tail thrombosis. Following the same method, aspirin (20 mg/kg), eugenol (18 mg/kg) and 0.5 % CMC-Na (30 mg/kg) were administered as control drug. Different drug effects on platelet aggregation, hemorheology, TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio and blood biochemistry were studied. Results AEE significantly inhibited ADP and AA-induced platelet aggregation in vivo. AEE also significantly reduced blood and plasma viscosity. Moreover, AEE down-regulated TXB2 and up-regulated 6-keto-PGF1α, normalizing the TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio and blood biochemical profile. In comparison with aspirin and eugenol, AEE produced more positive therapeutic effects than its precursors under the same molar quantity. Conclusion It may be concluded that AEE was a good candidate for new antithrombotic and antiplatelet medicine. Additionally, this study may help to understand how AEE works on antithrombosis in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Wang Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Shuai Shen
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Le Zhao
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Isam Mohamed
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Kong
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China. .,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China. .,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China. .,No.335, Jiangouyan, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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