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Pellicer-Morata V, Wang L, Curry ADJ, Tsao JW, Waters RS. Lower jaw-to-forepaw rapid and delayed reorganization in the rat forepaw barrel subfield in primary somatosensory cortex. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:1651-1668. [PMID: 37496376 PMCID: PMC10530121 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
We used the forepaw barrel subfield (FBS), that normally receives input from the forepaw skin surface, in rat primary somatosensory cortex as a model system to study rapid and delayed lower jaw-to-forepaw cortical reorganization. Single and multi-unit recording from FBS neurons was used to examine the FBS for the presence of "new" lower jaw input following deafferentations that include forelimb amputation, brachial plexus nerve cut, and brachial plexus anesthesia. The major findings are as follows: (1) immediately following forelimb deafferentations, new input from the lower jaw becomes expressed in the anterior FBS; (2) 7-27 weeks after forelimb amputation, new input from the lower jaw is expressed in both anterior and posterior FBS; (3) evoked response latencies recorded in the deafferented FBS following electrical stimulation of the lower jaw skin surface are significantly longer in both rapid and delayed deafferents compared to control latencies for input from the forepaw to reach the FBS or for input from lower jaw to reach the LJBSF; (4) the longer latencies suggest that an additional relay site is imposed along the somatosensory pathway for lower jaw input to access the deafferented FBS. We conclude that different sources of input and different mechanisms underlie rapid and delayed reorganization in the FBS and suggest that these findings are relevant, as an initial step, for developing a rodent animal model to investigate phantom limb phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Pellicer-Morata
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health
Science Center, College of Medicine, 956 Court Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Lie Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of
Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, 855 Monroe Avenue, Suite,
Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Amy de Jongh Curry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Memphis, Herff College of Engineering, 3815 Central Avenue, Memphis, TN 38152,
USA
| | - Jack W. Tsao
- Department of Neurology, New York University, Langone
School of Medicine, 550 1 Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Robert S. Waters
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of
Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, 855 Monroe Avenue, Suite,
Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Memphis, Herff College of Engineering, 3815 Central Avenue, Memphis, TN 38152,
USA
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Lin SZ, Chen L, Tang YJ, Zheng CJ, Ke P, Chen MN, Wu HX, Chen Y, Qiu LC, Wu XD, Zeng K. Establishment of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block in rats. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1061767. [PMID: 36711146 PMCID: PMC9877532 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1061767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A novel protocol for accurate stellate ganglion block under ultrasound guidance was designed in rats. This technique raises the success rate of stellate ganglion block and reduces the incidence of brachial plexus and vagus nerve block. Methods Fifty-six Sprague-Dawley were randomly divided into an ultrasound-guided group (n = 28) and a blind technique group (n = 28). The rats in the blind technique group were injected with 1.5% lidocaine mixed with methylene blue after signs of brachial plexus stimulation were elicited. The lateral side of the cephalic brachial vein was located under the first rib, where lidocaine was injected into the rats in the ultrasound-guided group. The up-and-down sequential method of Dixon was used to determine the minimum effective volume for stellate ganglion block in rats. Furthermore, we calculated the required operative duration of the two methods and observed the difference in the lidocaine diffusion range between the two groups. Results The minimum effective volume for stellate ganglion block in the ultrasound-guided group was 0.040 ml, and the 95% CI was 0.026-0.052 ml. In the blind technique group, the minimum effective volume was 0.639 ml, and the 95% CI was 0.490-0.733 ml. Within the 95% CI of the lowest effective volume, the incidence of brachial plexus block as a complication of stellate ganglion block under ultrasound guidance was 10.00%. Conclusion Stellate ganglion block under ultrasound guidance is more accurate than blind detection, which the incidence of complications of stellate ganglion block under ultrasound guidance was significantly lower than under blind detection; the rate of methylene blue staining in the vagus nerve was significantly lower under ultrasound guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-zhu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi-jie Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Cheng-jie Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Peng Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Meng-nan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-xing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liang-cheng Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-dan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Xiao-dan Wu,
| | - Kai Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Kai Zeng,
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Barros RSMD, Santos DRD, Teixeira RKC, Araújo NPD, Somensi DN, Candido ADA. Anatomorphometry of the brachial plexus under high-definition system: an experimental study in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2022; 37:e370206. [PMID: 35507970 PMCID: PMC9064183 DOI: 10.1590/acb370206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the anatomorphometry of the plexus brachialis (PB) of rats under a high-definition video system. METHODS Ten male Wistar rats discarded from other research that did not interfere in the morphology of the animal, respecting the principle of reduction, were used. All animals were submitted to the same protocol. Initially, the cervical region was shaved. The animals were placed in a dorsal position. A single elbow-to-elbow incision was performed and dissection started at the deltopectoral sulcus. The procedures were performed under a video system. To measure the structures, the Image J software was used. RESULTS All the PB evaluated originated from the C5-T1 spinal nerves. C5 and C6 converged to form the truncus superior, the root of C7 originated the truncus medius, and the confluence of C8 and T1 originated the truncus inferior. It was found the union of C7, C8, and T1 to form truncus inferomedialis instead of separate medial and inferior truncus. C8 (1.31 mm) was the thickest root, the truncus inferior (1.80 mm) and the nerve radialis (1.02 mm), were the thickest. CONCLUSIONS The anatomy of the PB is comparable to humans, admitting variations. The videomagnification system is useful to perform microsurgical dissection.
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