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Doutchi M, Ghousmane A, Zampaligre F, Moussa B, Ishagh EK, Talatou Marc O, Oumarou B, Kaya MS, Diawara GA, Camara AM, Moussa S, Bienvenu K, Toko J, Harouna H, Moussa H, Kofi N, Tamuzi JL, Katoto PDMC, Wiysonge CS, Melanga Anya BP. Health transformation toward universal healthcare coverage amidst conflict: examining the impact of international cooperation in Niger. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1303168. [PMID: 38515600 PMCID: PMC10956617 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1303168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 70% of Sub-Saharan African countries have experienced armed conflicts with significant battle-related fatalities in the past two decades. Niger has witnessed a substantial rise in conflict-affected populations in recent years. In response, international cooperation has aimed to support health transformation in Niger's conflict zones and other conflict-affected areas in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study seeks to review the available evidence on health interventions facilitated by international cooperation in conflict zones, with a focus on Niger. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was conducted from 2000 to 4 September 2022 using MeSH terms and keywords to identify relevant studies and reports in Sub-Saharan Africa and specifically in Niger. Databases such as PubMed (Medline), Google Scholar, Google, and gray literature were utilized. The findings were presented both narratively and through tables and a conceptual framework. Results Overall, 24 records (10 studies and 14 reports) that highlighted the significant role of international cooperation in promoting health transformation in conflict zones across Sub-Saharan Africa, including Niger, were identified. Major multilateral donors identified were the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA), World Bank, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), European Union, European Commission Humanitarian Aid (ECHO), Global Fund, and Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI). Most supports targeted maternal, newborn, child, adolescent, and youth health, nutrition, and psycho-social services. Furthermore, interventions were in the form of public health initiatives, mobile clinic implementation, data management, human resource capacity building, health information systems, health logistics, and research funding in conflict zones. Conclusion This literature review underscores the significant engagement of international cooperation in strengthening and transforming health services in conflict-affected areas across Sub-Saharan Africa, with a particular focus on Niger. However, to optimize the effectiveness of healthcare activities from short- and long-term perspectives, international partners and the Ministry of Public Health need to re-evaluate and reshape their approach to health intervention in conflict zones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bizo Moussa
- Bureau de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), Niamey, Niger
| | - El Khalef Ishagh
- Bureau de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), Niamey, Niger
| | | | - Batouré Oumarou
- Bureau de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), Niamey, Niger
| | | | | | | | - Seyni Moussa
- Bureau de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), Niamey, Niger
| | | | - Joseph Toko
- Bureau de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), Niamey, Niger
| | - Hamidou Harouna
- Direction de la Surveillance et la Réponse aux Epidémies du Ministère de la Santé Publique, de la Population et des Affaires Sociale, Chargé de la Surveillance, Niamey, Niger
| | - Haladou Moussa
- Bureau de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), Niamey, Niger
| | - N’Zue Kofi
- Bureau de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), Niamey, Niger
| | - Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi
- Department of Public Health, Université de Zinder, Zinder, Niger
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Patrick D. M. C. Katoto
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Office of the President and CEO, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Tropical Diseases and Global Health, Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Charles S. Wiysonge
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
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Gunas M, Mishalov V, Voroshilov K, Petroshak O, Khyzhniak V, Makarenko O, Morgun A, Gunas V, Perebetiuk A. Manifestations of cruel, inhuman types of behavior and torture of Ukrainian military who died in captivity. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2024; 67:102395. [PMID: 38198983 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The given information and forensic medical characteristics of injuries found on the bodies of Ukrainian soldiers who were in Russian captivity and died as a result of cruel, inhuman treatment and torture in 2022-2023. According to their nature and morphological features, the damage could be the result of high temperature action using hot metal objects, but more likely, the result of the use of electric current conductors (bare end of the wire). In other cases, after the exhumation of the occupied territory of the Kharkiv region, the manifestations of torture were brain injuries and fractures of the bones of the body caused by blunt hard objects with a limited surface. All the injuries described by us correspond both to the list of physical evidence of torture of the "Istanbul Protocol" and to the list of war crimes of the "Rome Statute".
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna Gunas
- National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Pirogov Street 56, 21018 Vinnytsia, Ukraine.
| | - Volodymyr Mishalov
- Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Dorohozhitska Street 9, 04112 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kostyantyn Voroshilov
- Kyiv Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Orangereina Street 7, 04112 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Olexandr Petroshak
- Kyiv Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Orangereina Street 7, 04112 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | | | - Oksana Makarenko
- Kyiv Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Orangereina Street 7, 04112 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Andriy Morgun
- Kharkiv Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Dmitrivska Street 14, 61052 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Valery Gunas
- National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Pirogov Street 56, 21018 Vinnytsia, Ukraine
| | - Anatolii Perebetiuk
- National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Pirogov Street 56, 21018 Vinnytsia, Ukraine
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