1
|
Yang L. Institutionalized Risks and Shiduers' Post-loss Experience: A Qualitative Analysis Among Older Bereaved Chinese Parents Who Have Lost Their Only Child. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2024; 89:315-332. [PMID: 35090370 DOI: 10.1177/00302228211073214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In China, older adults whose only child has died are known as shiduers; these people are not only deeply impacted by their individual bereavement from losing their child but are also influenced by macro institutional factors. To further investigate this unintended consequence of the one-child policy and to illustrate the mechanism of influence of institutional factors on the sufferings and grief experiences of this population, this study conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 shiduers in Wuhan, China. In line with Ulrich Beck's theory of risk society, the findings argue that the crises inherent in institutional factors not only affect the post-loss experiences of shiduers in harmful ways but also pose a number of life difficulties that are difficult to control and mitigate. More importantly, most shiduers' life difficulties are rationalized, gradually transforming into manufactured and widespread shidu risks that persist long-term throughout their aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Audulv Å, Westergren T, Ludvigsen MS, Pedersen MK, Fegran L, Hall EOC, Aagaard H, Robstad N, Kneck Å. Time and change: a typology for presenting research findings in qualitative longitudinal research. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:284. [PMID: 38057741 PMCID: PMC10698947 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-02105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qualitative longitudinal research (QLR) is an emerging methodology used in health research. The method literature states that the change in a phenomenon through time should be the focus of any QLR study, but in empirical studies, the analysis of changes through time is often poorly described, and the emphasis on time/change in the findings varies greatly. This inconsistency might depend on limitations in the existing method literature in terms of describing how QLR studies can present findings. The aim of this study was to develop and describe a typology of alternative approaches for integrating time and/or change in QLR findings. METHODS In this method study, we used an adapted scoping review design. Articles were identified using EBSCOhost. In total, methods and results sections from 299 QLR articles in the field of health research were analyzed with inspiration from content analysis. RESULTS We constructed a typology of three types and seven subtypes. The types were based on the underlying structural principles of how time/change was presented: Type A) Findings have a low utilization of longitudinal data, Type B) Findings are structured according to chronological time, and Type C) Findings focus on changes through time. These types differed in 1) the way the main focus was on time, change or neither; 2) the level of interpretation in the findings; and 3) how theoretical understandings of time/change were articulated in the articles. Each type encompassed two or three subtypes that represented distinct approaches to the aim and results presentation of QLR findings. CONCLUSIONS This method study is the first to describe a coherent and comprehensive typology of alternative approaches for integrating time/change into QLR findings in health research. By providing examples of various subtypes that can be used for results presentations, it can help researchers make informed decisions suitable to their research intent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Audulv
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Westergren
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Public Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mette Spliid Ludvigsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Mona Kyndi Pedersen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjørring, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Liv Fegran
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Elisabeth O C Hall
- Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, University of Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Hanne Aagaard
- Lovisenberg Diaconal University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nastasja Robstad
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Åsa Kneck
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Marie Cederschöld University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou N, Wu R, Xu X, Wang J. Peer support experiences among Chinese parents who lost their only child: A qualitative study. DEATH STUDIES 2023; 47:738-750. [PMID: 36063360 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2022.2117250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chinese parents who lost their only child are at high risk of mental health problems. Peer support seems to be a crucial resource for their adaptation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants to explore peer support experiences in this population. Three forms of peer support were identified, namely, online groups, offline activities, and one-to-one contacts. The functions of support included emotional, instrumental, and informational support. Some unique characteristics emerged (e.g., negative experiences). Certain challenges were identified (e.g., lacking professional guidance). The findings indicate that future interventions focused on peer support should be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyao Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fjærestad A, Kristensen P, Dyregrov A, Hjelen Stige S. Grief trajectories among bereaved parents after the 2011 Utøya terror attack: A qualitative analysis. DEATH STUDIES 2023; 47:847-860. [PMID: 36259509 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2022.2135045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study took a qualitative approach to explore terror-bereaved parents' long-term experiences with grief. Data were drawn from a larger, longitudinal study, and interviews with 10 bereaved parents were selected based on their reported change in scores on Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) over a period of 6.5 years, including the five parents with the largest change (group 1) and the five parents with the least change (group 2). Reflexive thematic analysis of the interview transcripts resulted in four main themes: "I felt completely lost and helpless, like I was stuck in a whirlwind" and "I have been fighting to get back to my everyday life", which both groups contributed to. Participants in group 1 contributed to the theme "I have found a way to a new life," while participants in group 2 contributed to the theme "I cannot seem to find a way to a new life." Findings suggest that sense of control, acceptance, and social support enhanced experienced coping following terror-related bereavement, while comorbid mental health problems, difficulties with acceptance, and repetitive thoughts about the death was experienced as contributing to long-term struggles following terror-related bereavement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Fjærestad
- Centre for Crisis Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål Kristensen
- Centre for Crisis Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Atle Dyregrov
- Centre for Crisis Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Meisenhelder JB. Maternal grief: analysis and therapeutic recommendations. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2020; 11:101-106. [PMID: 33239325 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The following self-analysis contains key experiences of maternal grief over the course of the first 2 years following the death of a child, with specific examples and observations from bereaved mothers shared with the author. The references provide supporting evidence for commonality of the lived experience and observations. Therapeutic responses for clinicians give concrete direction for providing effective comfort. Self-care suggestions for mothers provide specific guidance for the readers. A 14-year retrospective epilogue puts the charged emotional description into a context of healing.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou N, Yu W, Huang H, Shi G, Luo H, Song C, Xing Y, Wang J, Killikelly C. Latent profiles of physical and psychological outcomes of bereaved parents in China who lost their only child. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2018; 9:1544026. [PMID: 30479701 PMCID: PMC6249556 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2018.1544026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Along with the implementation of the one-child policy in China, a special group of bereaved parents called 'shiduer' (), meaning parents bereaved by the loss of their only child, emerged. Although previous research has examined the physical and psychological health of this population, individual differences in physical and psychological outcomes are still not well understood. Objective: This study aimed to identify heterogenous subgroups of Chinese bereaved parents who lost their only child based on the physical and psychological health of this population as well as the predictive factors of each subgroup. Method: Latent profile analysis was used to explore underlying patterns of physical and psychological indicators including subjective physical health, negative psychological outcomes (i.e. depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and prolonged grief disorder) and positive psychological outcomes (i.e. post-traumatic growth) among a sample of Chinese bereaved parents who lost their only child (N = 536). A three-step approach was used to examine the effects of covariates including quality of spousal relationship and recruitment channels on psychological and physical outcomes. Results: A three-profile model identified severity-based groupings of a 'resilient' subgroup (n = 153), a 'coping' subgroup (n = 338) and a 'dysfunctional' subgroup (n = 45). Less satisfaction with spousal relationship and recruitment from institutions in the community and online self-help groups (vs. offline support groups) are associated with the membership of the 'coping' or 'dysfunctional' subgroup compared to the 'resilient' subgroup. Conclusions: There is heterogeneity regarding the physical and psychological health of Chinese parents after losing their only child. The predictive effects of the quality of spousal relationship and the recruitment channels could provide directions for professional intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Children's Development & Education, China Women's University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guangyuan Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haoxian Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chao Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yilun Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Clare Killikelly
- Division of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|