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Chung AM, Hawthorne A. Death and dying in pharmacy learners: A critical review. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2024; 16:102137. [PMID: 38955062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2024.102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review article is the first comprehensive evaluation of the available literature surrounding the education of death and dying in pharmacy schools. The purpose of this review was to describe the available literature and methods utilized regarding the emotional preparation for patient death in pharmacy education. PROCEDURES Searches were performed in three pharmacy databases to identify articles that contained descriptions of activities related to death and dying education in pharmacy curriculums. FINDINGS Eleven journal articles were reviewed, detailing activities in pharmacy education including simulations, didactic sessions, and an innovative "death over dessert" model. Evaluation methods varied, with surveys being most common, followed by reflection. Didactic courses demonstrated increased empathy and knowledge, while simulations compared to case-based activities improved skills, knowledge, and comfort levels with providing end-of-life care. Simulations often involved interprofessional groups, with third-year pharmacy students most evaluated. CONCLUSION Pharmacy students were mainly exposed to death and dying scenarios through didactic courses or simulations, with limited longitudinal exposure. Research suggests that students may lack preparation for handling death-related situations, leading to trauma and dysfunction. While existing studies focus on outward effects like empathy, internal factors such as coping methods receive less attention. Unlike nursing and medicine literature, pharmacy education lacks comprehensive coverage of coping and emotional support strategies for death and dying scenarios. Additional focus should be placed on intentional incorporation of these topics into pharmacy curriculums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Chung
- Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, 650 Clinic Dr. Suite 2100, Mobile, AL 36688, United States of America.
| | - Ashley Hawthorne
- Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, 650 Clinic Dr. Suite 2100, Mobile, AL 36688, United States of America.
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Semerci V, Sönmez Sari E, Seven A. Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Death Literacy Index. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2024; 88:807-822. [PMID: 36510355 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221144672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Death literacy is defined as a set of knowledge and skills that make it possible to gain access to, understand, and act upon end-of-life and death care options. This study was conducted to test the validity and reliability of the 29-item original version of the Death Literacy Index (DLI) in Turkish society. The scale was applied on a sample of 436 Turkish adults determined using the snowball sampling method. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. The scale consisted of 6 subscales. The test-retest analysis of this study showed a strong and highly significant positive correlation between overall DLI (.98) and its subscales (.73-.98). The total Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of DLI was found to be .90. It was observed that the Turkish version of DLI was a valid and reliable tool and suitable for use in Turkish society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmet Seven
- Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam Üniversitesi, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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Wang Y, Huang Y, Zheng R, Xu J, Zhang L, Zhu P, Lu Z, Wang L, Xie J, Zhao J, Dong F. The contribution of perceived death competence in determining the professional quality of life of novice oncology nurses: A multicentre study. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2023; 62:102273. [PMID: 36709716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2023.102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Novice nurses find it challenging to cope with patient dying and death, especially in a death taboo cultural context, such as mainland China. By taking the example of Chinese novice oncology nurses, this study aimed to explore the contribution of their perceived death competence in determining their professional quality of life. METHOD A multicentre, cross-sectional study was conducted in six tertiary cancer hospitals in mainland China involving 506 novice oncology nurses. Measurements were the Coping with Death Scale-Chinese version, the Professional Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Coping Style Questionnaire. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to analyse the data. RESULTS Death competence was significantly associated with compassion satisfaction (r = 0.509, P < 0.001), burnout (r = -0.441, P < 0.001) and secondary traumatic stress (r = -0.154, P < 0.001) which are the three dimensions of professional quality of life. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated that death competence positively predicted compassion satisfaction and negatively predicted burnout (P < 0.01), but had no significant impact on secondary traumatic stress after coping style was entered into the model (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Novice oncology nurses who perceive themselves to be incompetent in dealing with patient dying and death are more likely to experience poor professional quality of life in the death taboo cultural context. Cultural-sensitive interventions and a supportive work environment are important to enhance these nurses' death competence, increasing their professional quality of life and ultimately contributing to better end-of-life cancer care management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Nursing, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Ruishuang Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Liuliu Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Jiangsu Province Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Nursing, Jiangsu Province Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenqi Lu
- Department of Nursing, Fudan Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of VIP Medical Services, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Xie
- Department of Nursing, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Department of Nursing, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengqi Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
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Park S, Kim H, Jang MK, Kim H, Raszewski R, Doorenbos AZ. Community-based death preparation and education: A scoping review. DEATH STUDIES 2022; 47:221-230. [PMID: 35275034 PMCID: PMC9990089 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2022.2045524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic revealed a need for people and communities for death preparation. Few studies have examined community-level interventions for death preparation and education. This scoping review scrutinized the relevant literature following PRISMA 2018 guidelines. Six databases were searched for articles published between 2010 and 2020. We found that cultural, socioeconomic, and individual values affected death preparation and that online courses and life-death education were effective preparation methods. Additional research is needed to identify the population-specific effectiveness of interventions. To fully investigate death preparation and education at the community level, theory-based studies employing quantitative and qualitative methods are also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwon Park
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hyungkyung Kim
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Hyungsub Kim
- Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Rebecca Raszewski
- Library of the Health Sciences Chicago, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Sallnow L, Smith R, Ahmedzai SH, Bhadelia A, Chamberlain C, Cong Y, Doble B, Dullie L, Durie R, Finkelstein EA, Guglani S, Hodson M, Husebø BS, Kellehear A, Kitzinger C, Knaul FM, Murray SA, Neuberger J, O'Mahony S, Rajagopal MR, Russell S, Sase E, Sleeman KE, Solomon S, Taylor R, Tutu van Furth M, Wyatt K. Report of the Lancet Commission on the Value of Death: bringing death back into life. Lancet 2022; 399:837-884. [PMID: 35114146 PMCID: PMC8803389 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Afsan Bhadelia
- Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Yali Cong
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Julia Neuberger
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Sarah Russell
- Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Eriko Sase
- Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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Miller-Lewis LR, Lewis TW, Tieman J, Rawlings D, Parker D, Sanderson CR. Words describing feelings about death: A comparison of sentiment for self and others and changes over time. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0242848. [PMID: 33406081 PMCID: PMC7787376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding public attitudes towards death is needed to inform health policies to foster community death awareness and preparedness. Linguistic sentiment analysis of how people describe their feelings about death can add to knowledge gained from traditional self-reports. This study provided the first description of emotive attitudes expressed towards death utilising textual sentiment analysis for the dimensions of valence, arousal and dominance. A linguistic lexicon of sentiment norms was applied to activities conducted in an online course for the general-public designed to generate discussion about death. We analysed the sentiment of words people chose to describe feelings about death, for themselves, for perceptions of the feelings of ‘others’, and for longitudinal changes over the time-period of exposure to a course about death (n = 1491). The results demonstrated that sadness pervades affective responses to death, and that inevitability, peace, and fear were also frequent reactions. However, words chosen to represent perceptions of others’ feelings towards death suggested that participants perceived others as feeling more negative about death than they do themselves. Analysis of valence, arousal and dominance dimensions of sentiment pre-to-post course participation demonstrated that participants chose significantly happier (more positive) valence words, less arousing (calmer) words, and more dominant (in-control) words to express their feelings about death by the course end. This suggests that the course may have been helpful in participants becoming more emotionally accepting in their feelings and attitude towards death. Furthermore, the change over time appeared greater for younger participants, who showed more increase in the dominance (power/control) and pleasantness (valence) in words chosen at course completion. Sentiment analysis of words to describe death usefully extended our understanding of community death attitudes and emotions. Future application of sentiment analysis to other related areas of health policy interest such as attitudes towards Advance Care Planning and palliative care may prove fruitful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R. Miller-Lewis
- Research Centre for Palliative Care, Death and Dying, Palliative and Supportive Services, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Psychology and Public Health, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Adelaide Campus, Wayville, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Trent W. Lewis
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jennifer Tieman
- Research Centre for Palliative Care, Death and Dying, Palliative and Supportive Services, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Deb Rawlings
- Research Centre for Palliative Care, Death and Dying, Palliative and Supportive Services, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Deborah Parker
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christine R. Sanderson
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
- Palliative Medicine, Calvary Health Care Kogarah, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
- Territory Palliative Care–Central Australia, Alice Springs Hospital, The Gap, Northern Territory, Australia
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McAfee CA, Jordan TR, Cegelka D, Polavarapu M, Wotring A, Wagner-Greene VR, Hamdan Z. COVID-19 brings a new urgency for advance care planning: Implications of death education. DEATH STUDIES 2020; 46:91-96. [PMID: 32941112 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1821262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. has the highest number of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases and deaths of any nation. Deaths due to COVID-19, especially among older adults and people of color, have created an urgency for advanced care planning (ACP). Despite benefits of ACP, only one-third of U.S. adults have completed advance directives, in part due to a lack of death education. We recommend four actions to increase death education and ACP completion: (1) integrate death education into teacher preparation programs, (2) incorporate death education in undergraduate curricula, (3) provide better education in death and dying to future health professionals, and (4) educate the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette A McAfee
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Westminster College, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Timothy R Jordan
- School of Population Health, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Derek Cegelka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas, USA
| | | | - Amy Wotring
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, USA
| | - Victoria R Wagner-Greene
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas, USA
| | - Zena Hamdan
- Department of Health Administration, Capella University, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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