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Krzysztofik M, Wilk M, Pisz A, Kolinger D, Tsoukos A, Aschenbrenner P, Stastny P, Bogdanis GC. Effects of Unilateral Conditioning Activity on Acute Performance Enhancement: A Systematic Review. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:625-639. [PMID: 36523899 PMCID: PMC9741717 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review aimed to summarize the reported effects of unilateral conditioning activity (CA) on unilateral performance, bilateral performance, and the contribution of activated body limb to bilateral performance. A systematic search on MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted on February 2022. Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Throwing, jumping, swimming, change of direction, and isokinetic performance were used as outcome measures to assess the impact of unilateral CAs on inducing post-activation performance enhancement. Eleven studies examined the effectiveness of resistance exercises as a CA, seven investigated plyometric exercises, and five used isokinetic muscle actions as CAs. Notably, only three studies directly compared the effects of bilateral and unilateral CA, and no study reported possible changes in the contribution of each limb during bilateral exercises executed following unilateral CA. Split squats were the most often studied CA (7), and it was shown that multiple sets of high-loaded split squats (85% one-repetition maximum) executed as CA, improve vertical jumping and change of direction after 4 to 8 min of recovery. At the same time, multiple sets of alternate leg bounds performed with ~10% body weight or without any external load result in an improvement of sprint performance, 2 and 8 min later, with the effect being greater when loaded jumps are used. The unilateral CAs such as split squats, alternate leg bounds, and drop jumps can be effectively used to acutely improve a wide variety of athletic tasks, including jumping, sprinting, change of direction, and swimming performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Krzysztofik
- Department of Sport Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic,Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Wilk
- Department of Sport Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic,Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Pisz
- Department of Sport Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Kolinger
- Department of Sport Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Athanasios Tsoukos
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Piotr Aschenbrenner
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Biomechanics and Sport Engineering Department, Poland
| | - Petr Stastny
- Department of Sport Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gregory C. Bogdanis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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Backward Running: Acute Effects on Sprint Performance in Preadolescent Boys. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8040055. [PMID: 32340126 PMCID: PMC7240527 DOI: 10.3390/sports8040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the acute effect of backward running (BwR) during warm-up on a 20-m sprint of boys’ performance, compared to forward running (FwR). Fourteen recreationally active preadolescent boys (aged 12.5 ± 0.5 years) were examined in 3 protocols: warm-up (control condition), warm-up with 3 × 10 m additional BwR sprints and warm-up with 3 × 10 m additional FwR sprints. Participants were evaluated 4 minutes after each protocol on a 20-m sprint and intermediate distances, as well as the rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Sprint speed across 10-20 m was significantly higher for the BwR warm-up compared to the regular warm-up (p < 0.05) and a significantly higher RPE after the BwR and FwR protocols compared to the control condition was recorded (p < 0.05). No significant difference was detected across the distances 0–5, 5–10, 0–10 and 0–20 m. Although adding 3 × 10-m sprints of BwR or FwR after the warm-up did not enhance performance in a 20 m sprint of preadolescent boys, the positive effect of BwR across 10–20 m distance suggests that BwR could be an alternative means for enhancing performance for certain phases of a sprint for this age. However, preadolescent boys’ response to different sprint conditioning exercise stimuli and the optimization of rest time to maximize performance remain to be determined.
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Kozina Z, Korobeinik V, Nemchenko M, Serdyuk O, Bazyliuk T. Методика обучения техническим элементам в легкой атлетике с использованием когнитивных аспектов восприятия движений на этапе начальной подготовки юных спортсменов. HEALTH, SPORT, REHABILITATION 2018. [DOI: 10.34142/hsr.2018.04.03.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Цель: определить влияние применения технологий интегрального воздействия двигательных и интеллектуальных аспектов на процесс развития двигательных качеств юных легкоатлетов 11-12 лет. Материал и методы: Для определения влияния применения авторской методики развития двигательных навыков юных легкоатлетов в период с сентября 2017 по май 2018 года проведен формирующий педагогический эксперимент. В состав контрольных (n=34 – мальчики) и экспериментальных (n=34 – мальчики) групп вошли юные легкоатлеты 11-12 лет ДЮСШ «ХТЗ» г. Харькова. Результаты. Разработана методика развития двигательных умений и навыков юных легкоатлетов 11-12 лет с применением межпредметных связей, информационных и интерактивных технологий. В нашей методике основным направлением развития двигательных умений и навыков на занятиях по легкой атлетике является целостный подход. Он подразумевает овладение базовыми движениями легкой атлетики на основе аналогий с рациональными и экономичными движениями в живой природе, законами механики. Это обуславливает получение более полного представления о правильной технике легкоатлетических движений. В результате применения методики развития двигательных умений и навыков с использованием межпредметных связей и информационных технологий в течение 1 учебного года наблюдалось достоверное повышение результатов педагогических тестов по двигательной подготовленности у атлетов экспериментальной группы, которая занималась по разработанной нами методике. Выводы. Применение разработанной методики обучения двигательным действиям юных легкоатлетов 11-12 лет способствует повышению показателей двигательной подготовленности. Это является важным аспектом тренировочного процесса юных атлетов. Положительный эффект применения методики обеспечивается адекватным подбором упражнений и расширением теоретического аспекта обучения.
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