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Fernandes HM, Soler P, Monteiro D, Cid L, Novaes J. Psychometric Properties of Different Versions of the Body Shape Questionnaire in Female Aesthetic Patients. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2590. [PMID: 37761787 PMCID: PMC10531348 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the psychometric properties (internal consistency and factorial validity) of different versions of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) in a sample of female aesthetic patients. The sample included 296 women attending aesthetic clinics, with ages ranging between 18 and 70 years (M = 32.23, SD = 11.35) and body mass index between 17.10 and 45.00 kg/m2 (M = 24.70, SD = 4.07). Nine different length versions of the BSQ (BSQ-34, BSQ-32, BSQ-16A, BSQ-16B, BSQ-14, BSQ-8A, BSQ-8B, BSQ-8C and BSQ-8D) were subjected to confirmatory factor analyses, using a robust maximum likelihood estimator. Robust fit indices indicated that the BSQ-8D version was the better-fitting and more parsimonious model (S-Bχ2/df = 1.81, CFI = 0.963, RMSEA = 0.052, SRMR = 0.043). This short version also showed appropriate reliability (McDonald's omega and composite reliability = 0.87) and a very high correlation with the original BSQ-34 version (r = 0.95). In sum, these findings suggest that the BSQ-8D is the most valid, reliable and suitable BSQ version for measuring body shape concerns in female aesthetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder Miguel Fernandes
- Polytechnic Institute of Guarda (IPG), 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Patrícia Soler
- Department of Aesthetics and Cosmetology, Unigran Capital University, Campo Grande 79010-010, Brazil;
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.M.); (L.C.)
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Luís Cid
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.M.); (L.C.)
- Research Center in Quality of Life (CIEQV), 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM), Polytechnic of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Jefferson Novaes
- Physical Education and Sports Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil;
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, São Pedro 36036-900, Brazil
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Portingale J, Eddy S, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Liu S, Giles S, Krug I. Tonight, I'm disordered eating: The effects of food delivery app use, loneliness, and mood on daily body dissatisfaction and disordered eating urges. Appetite 2023; 180:106310. [PMID: 36122621 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the recent proliferation of food delivery applications ('apps'; FDAs), accessing a meal is more convenient and immediate than ever. However, these apps may foster dysregulated eating behaviours, including maladaptive eating to cope with negative emotional states. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), the current study assessed whether FDA use at baseline predicted levels of EMA-assessed disordered eating urges and body dissatisfaction, whether negative mood and loneliness impacted disordered eating urges and body dissatisfaction at the state level, and whether the latter relationships were moderated by FDA usage frequency. Participants (N = 483; 78.7% women; 20.1% men; 1.2% other) completed a baseline questionnaire and were characterised as current FDA users (49.3%) or non-users (50.7%). Participants then completed a smartphone-facilitated investigation into their experiences of loneliness, negative mood, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating urges, six times per day for 7-days. Across the entire sample, current FDA users at baseline reported greater EMA-assessed urges to overeat. At the state level, loneliness and negative mood predicted greater body dissatisfaction, with the latter also predicting greater urges for restrictive eating and overeating. Among current FDA users at baseline, at the state level, loneliness predicted greater body dissatisfaction, and negative mood predicted greater body dissatisfaction and urges for overeating. No moderating effects were observed for baseline FDA usage frequency. These results elucidate FDA use and daily experiences of loneliness and negative mood as factors elevating eating disorder (ED)-related risk. Further extensions of this research with nuanced measures of state FDA use are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Portingale
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sarah Eddy
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Giles
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabel Krug
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Marzola E, Martini M, Longo P, Toppino F, Bevione F, Delsedime N, Abbate-Daga G, Preti A. Psychometric properties of the Italian body shape questionnaire: an investigation of its reliability, factorial, concurrent, and criterion validity. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:3637-3648. [PMID: 36352341 PMCID: PMC9803762 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was set up to investigate the reliability, factorial, concurrent, and criterion validity of the Italian version of the 34-item Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and its shorter versions. METHODS The study included 231 patients diagnosed with an eating disorder and 58 putatively healthy people (comparison sample). The Italian BSQ-34 was administered to participants together with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Information on body mass index, caloric intake at baseline, and the number of episodes of self-vomiting per week was also acquired. RESULTS Cronbach's alpha of BSQ-34 was 0.971 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.965-0.976) in patients and 0.960 (0.944-0.974) in controls. Test-retest stability in patients (n = 69), measured with intraclass correlation coefficient, was 0.987 (0.983-0.991). Confirmatory factor analysis of the single-factor model yielded acceptable fit for all versions of the BSQ. On all BSQ versions, patients scored higher than controls with a large effect size when calculated as Cliff's delta. BMI and mean caloric intake at baseline had a stronger association with BSQ-34 than levels of anxiety and depression. The analysis with the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve showed that the BSQ-34 distinguished patients with an eating disorder from controls with good accuracy (Area Under the Curve = 86.5; 95% CI 82.2-90.7). CONCLUSION The Italian version of the BSQ possesses good psychometric properties, in both the long and the shortened versions, and it can be applied to measure body dissatisfaction for both clinical and research purposes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Marzola
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Martini
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Longo
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Toppino
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Bevione
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Nadia Delsedime
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Abbate-Daga
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Preti
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric assessment of the Portuguese language version of the Eating and Appraisal due to Emotions and Stress (EADES) Questionnaire in Brazilian adults. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1705-1715. [PMID: 34606080 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSES To develop a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Eating and Appraisal due to Emotions and Stress (EADES) Questionnaire and estimate the psychometric properties of the EADES factorial model for young Brazilian adults and also to assess the association between EADES factors and age, body mass index (BMI), and economic level. METHODS The cross-cultural adaptation was performed using a standardized protocol. The psychometric properties were assessed separately for each sex. A structural model for each sex was developed to investigate the influence of age, economic level, and BMI on the EADES factors. RESULTS A total of 1240 participants completed the study [65.8% female, mean age 23.91 (SD = 5.03) years]. The EADES original factorial model did not present good psychometric properties. Then, a factorial model proposed for a Mexican sample was tested and a different model was fitted for each sex. The results showed that younger women have lower self-efficacy and self-confidence and poorer assessment of resources and coping skills. Women with a higher economic level have lower self-efficacy. Higher BMI was associated with lower self-efficacy and self-confidence in both sexes. Younger men have lower self-efficacy and poorer assessment of resources and coping skills. CONCLUSIONS The Brazilian Portuguese version of the EADES provided valid and reliable data after refinement, and a different model was fitted for each sex. Sex, age, BMI, and economic level were significantly associated with the EADES factors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study.
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Santos PC, Silva WRD, Marôco J, Campos JADB. [Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric investigation of the Salzburg Stress Eating Scale (SSES) in a sample of Brazilian adults]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021; 37:e00025321. [PMID: 34495086 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00025321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study's objectives were to adapt the Salzburg Stress Eating Scale (SSES) to Brazilian Portuguese, estimate its psychometric properties in a sample of young adults, and verify (separately for each sex) the relationship between age and BMI and dietary intake during stress. Adaptation of the SSES to Portuguese was performed according to the consolidated protocol. The psychometric properties were estimated for each sex based on factor and convergent validities and reliability. Invariance was tested in independent subsamples for each sex. The relationship between age and bod mass index (BMI) and dietary intake during stress was investigated for each sex using structural equation modeling. Prevalence of individuals in categories that represented maintenance, reduction, or increases in dietary intake in the face of stress was calculated. Participation in the study included 1,030 individuals (61.8% women) with a mean age of 25.5 (SD = 5.3) years. The original model of the SSES presented good fit for the female sample, but for the male sample one item was excluded and a residual correlation was inserted. These models were invariant in independent subsamples. High BMI influenced dietary intake in the face of stress. Men maintained their habitual diet, while women increased their dietary intake during stress. The Portuguese version of the SSES will be useful for investigating dietary intake during stress in Brazil. Different models of SESS were adjusted for each sex. BMI was a significant variable for assessing dietary intake in the face of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - João Marôco
- Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisboa, Portugal
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Evaluating different versions of the Body Shape Questionnaire and invariance across age in Mexican women. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:515-523. [PMID: 32086790 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the factorial structure of the eight short versions of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and analyze the factorial invariance of the best model, its convergent validity and its internal consistency in three age groups of Mexican women. METHODS Women attending middle school (n = 261), high school (n = 245) and university (n = 296) participated in the study; their average age was 16.52 years (SD = 2.98), and they completed the BSQ, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40) and the Questionnaire on the Influences of the Aesthetic Body Ideal (CIMEC, its acronym in Spanish). RESULTS The BSQ-8D model showed the best goodness-of-fit indices and evidence for configural, metric, scalar and structural invariance. Both the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the Omega coefficient for the BSQ-8D were .89. Likewise, the BSQ-8D was correlated with the EAT-40 (r = .60, p < .001) and the CIMEC (r = .77, p < .001), and both the total score and its items discriminated between women with and without abnormal eating behaviors (p < .001). CONCLUSION The BSQ-8D has the best psychometric properties for the measurement of body dissatisfaction in the general population of Mexican women. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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