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Dalton ED. Emotional Eating in College Students: Associations with Coping and Healthy Eating Motivators and Barriers. Int J Behav Med 2024; 31:563-572. [PMID: 37386338 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional eating, or eating in response to stress and other negative affective states, bears negative consequences including excessive weight gain and heightened risk of binge eating disorder. Responding to stress with emotional eating is not universal, and it is important to elucidate under what circumstances and by what mechanisms stress is associated with emotional eating. This is particularly important to understand among college students, who are at risk of experiencing heightened stress and negative changes to dietary habits. METHOD The present study investigated the relationships among perceived stress, emotional eating, coping, and barriers to and motivators of healthy eating both concurrently and 1 year later in a sample of young adult college students (n = 232). RESULTS At baseline, emotional eating was significantly associated with perceived stress (r = 0.36, p < .001), barriers to (r = 0.31, p < .001) and motivators of (r = - 0.14, p < .05) healthy eating, and avoidance coping (r = 0.37, p < .001), but not approach coping. Furthermore, avoidance coping mediated (indirect effect b = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.61) and moderated (b = - 0.07, p = 0.04) the relationship between perceived stress and emotional eating. Contrary to study hypotheses, baseline stress levels were not associated with emotional eating 1 year later. CONCLUSION College students who utilize avoidance coping strategies may be particularly susceptible to the effects of stress on emotional eating. Healthy eating interventions targeting college students might address stress coping strategies in addition to reduction of barriers to healthy eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Dalton
- Department of Psychology, Elizabethtown College, 1 Alpha Drive, Elizabethtown, PA, 17022, USA.
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dos Santos LM, Vieira MRMDS, Vieira RC, Silva LBDL, de Macêdo GMM, Miranda AE, Brasiliense DM, e Guimarães RJDPS, Sousa EC, Ferrari SF, Pinheiro HHC, Ishikawa EAY, de Sousa MS. Prevalence and circulant genotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis in university women from cities in the Brazilian Amazon. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0287119. [PMID: 38165909 PMCID: PMC10760737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 80% of infected women infected by Chlamydia trachomatis are asymptomatic, although this infection can lead to serious complications in the female reproductive tract. Few data on Chlamydia infection and genotypes are available in Amazonian communities. OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence of and associated factors and to identify the genotypes of sexual C. trachomatis infection in female university students in different urban centers (capital and interiors) in the Brazilian state of Pará, in the eastern Amazon region. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed among young women attending public universities in four different urban centers in the eastern Amazon region. They were invited to participate in the studt and cervical secretions were collected for molecular diagnosis of C. trachomatis. We utilized amplification of the ompA gene by nested PCR. Positive samples were genotyped by nucleotide sequencing. Study participants completed a questionnaire on social, epidemiological, and reproductive health variables. A Qui-square and Binominal regression test were used to evaluate the degree of association of these variables with the infection. RESULTS A total of 686 female students was included in the study. The overall prevalence of C. trachomatis was 11.2% (77/686). The prevalence of this infection was higher in interiors (15.2% vs 9.5%/ p: 0.0443). Female university students who do not have a sexual partner (11.8%/p <0.008), who do not use a condom in their sexual relations (17.8%/p <0.0001) and who reported having suffered a miscarriage (32%/p <0.0001) have high chances of acquiring this sexual infection. The ompA gene was sequenced in only 33 (42.8%) samples, revealing the genotype J was the most frequent (27.2% [9/33]), followed by genotypes D (24.2% [8/33]), and then genotypes F (18.2% [6/33]), E (15.1% [5/33]) K (6.1% [2/33]), Ia (6.1% [2/33]), and G (3.1% [1/33]). CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of sexual infection by C. trachomatis in the female university students from the interior of the state of Pará, individuals with no fixed sexual partner, those that had had a miscarriage, the students that do not use condoms in their sexual relations. The genotype J of C. trachomatis genotypes was the most frequent. These data are important to help defining the epidemiological effects of chlamydial infections in Amazonian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Angélica Espinosa Miranda
- Department of Social Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
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Silva WRD, Ferreira EB, Marôco J, da Silva Júnior SI, Teodoro MA, Campos JADB. Relationships Between Three Eating Behaviors and Nine Motives for Food Choices Among Brazilian Adults: A Structural Equation Model. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:2388-2409. [PMID: 37864461 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231207270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
We examined the relationships between three eating behaviors and nine motives underlying food choices made by Brazilian adults. Using participant responses to the short version of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and the Food Choice Questionnaire, we investigated eating behaviors (cognitive restriction, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating) and motives for food choices (health, mood, convenience, sensory appeal, natural content, price, weight control, familiarity, and ethical concern). We used a structural equation model to test relationship pathways (β), with eating behaviors as independent variables and motives for food choices as dependent variables. Participants were 1297 individuals (69.5% female) with a mean age of 25.0 years (SD = 5.8). We confirmed the validity and reliability of the questionnaires in this sample. Restrictive eating behavior was significantly related to motives of health (β = .415), mood (β = .127), natural content (β = .364), weight control (β = .681), and ethical concern (β = .161). Emotional eating behavior was related to motives of mood (β = .277), health (β = -.137), and natural content (β = -.136). Uncontrolled eating behavior was related to motives of convenience (β = .226), sensory appeal (β = .121), price (β = .153), and familiarity (β = .090). We believe these findings can now help design future research and clinical interventions for managing people's risky eating behaviors and promoting beneficial food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson Roberto da Silva
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition, and Food Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Longevity, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Eric B Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Longevity, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
- Statistics Department, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - João Marôco
- William James Center for Research (WJCR), Instituto Universitário (ISPA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sinézio I da Silva Júnior
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Longevity, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Micaela A Teodoro
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Longevity, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Juliana A D B Campos
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition, and Food Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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Martins BG, Vanini NV, Campos LA, Campos JADB. Emotional Appetite Questionnaire: psychometric properties in Brazilian adult samples before and after the COVID-19 pandemic onset. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14597. [PMID: 36721773 PMCID: PMC9884477 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Appetite represents a desire of a person to eat specific food in order to reach satisfaction and pleasure states. This desire may be associated with the experience of negative or positive emotions (emotional appetite). Emotional appetite can influence eating behavior, and its investigation is relevant to avoid possible damage to health resulting from a disordered eating. Objectives To adapt the Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ) to the Portuguese language; to assess the validity and reliability of the data; and to assess emotional appetite in three samples of adults collected before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The Portuguese version of the EMAQ was presented after translation, back-translation, and content analysis. Two studies were conducted, the first before and the second after the pandemic onset. Three samples were formed (2019: Sample 1 (age = 19.7 ± 1.5 years) n = 323; 2020: Sample 2 (age = 21.3 ± 1.8 years) n = 1,011; and Sample 3 (age = 28.9 ± 3.1 years) n = 909). An exploratory strategy with parallel analysis was performed. The analyses were conducted in FACTOR and R (lavaan and semTools packages) software. After determining the best-fit model for the data, emotional appetite was examined considering decrease, non-alteration, and increase in appetite in the face of positive and negative emotions/situations. The profile of emotional appetite was determined using a circumplex model. Results The two-factor model described by the valence of emotions/situations fitted the samples (Comparative Fit Indexminimum-maximum = 0.95-0.98; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.94-0.98; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.03-0.08; αord = 0.78-0.88). Increases in appetite were more frequent for positive emotions/situations (52.0-57.5%), and both decreases (35.4-44.5%) and increases (50.0-56.2%) in appetite were observed for negative emotions/situations. Emotions with negative valence and activation were more relevant to appetite reduction, while a significant increase in appetite was observed with anxiety (negative valence and positive activation). Conclusion Different emotions and situations may influence appetite in people, and such an investigation may be useful in preparing eating protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca G. Martins
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadine V. Vanini
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas A. Campos
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland,Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland,Dental Sciences Graduate Program, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana ADB Campos
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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da Silva WR, Marôco J, Alvarenga MDS, Campos JADB. What are the motives underlying Brazilians' food choices? An analysis of the Food Choice Questionnaire and its relationship with different sample characteristics. J SENS STUD 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson Roberto da Silva
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition, and Food Engineering. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara São Paulo Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Longevity, School of Nutrition Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL‐MG) Alfenas Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - João Marôco
- William James Center for Research (WJCR) Instituto Universitário (ISPA) Lisbon Portugal
| | - Marle dos Santos Alvarenga
- Graduate Program in Nutrition in Public Health, School of Public Health University of São Paulo (USP) São Paulo Brazil
| | - Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition, and Food Engineering. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara São Paulo Brazil
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