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Koźlenia D, Popowczak M, Szafraniec R, Alvarez C, Domaradzki J. Changes in Muscle Mass and Strength in Adolescents Following High-Intensity Functional Training with Bodyweight Resistance Exercises in Physical Education Lessons. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3400. [PMID: 38929929 PMCID: PMC11204247 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The growing prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and declining physical fitness among children and adolescents due to sedentary lifestyles has increased attention toward preventive intervention to tackle this issue. This study investigated the age-related effects of high-intensity functional training (HIFT), based on bodyweight resistance exercises conducted during physical education lessons, on muscle mass and strength improvement. (2) Methods: Adolescent males (n = 116) were allocated to four HIFT experimental groups (EGs) and four standard physical education program control groups (CGs) according to age (15, 16, 17, and 18 years [y]). The changes in muscle mass (absolute and relative to height [SMI]), hand-grip strength (HGS), sit-ups (SUs), and standing broad jump (SBJ) were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni tests. (3) Results: HIFT significantly increased muscle mass and scores in all strength tests (p < 0.01), while chronological age was significant for HGS (p < 0.01). Interactions between HIFT and chronological age categories were observed for HGS (p = 0.01) and SBJ (p < 0.03). Detailed post hoc tests revealed improvement in muscle mass across all chronological age categories for both approaches (p < 0.05). The 18y-EG group improved HGS over their control peers (p < 0.01), the EG groups significantly improved their SU results (p < 0.01), and SBJ improved in the 15y-EG and 18y-EG groups compared to their control (p < 0.01). (4) Conclusions: This research highlights the effectiveness of a school-based HIFT program in promoting muscle mass gains and enhancing muscle strength among adolescents. The findings offer valuable insights for implementing bodyweight exercises during physical education classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Koźlenia
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland; (D.K.); (M.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Marek Popowczak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland; (D.K.); (M.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Rafał Szafraniec
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland; (D.K.); (M.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Cristian Alvarez
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile;
| | - Jarosław Domaradzki
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland; (D.K.); (M.P.); (R.S.)
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Wang Z, Ma H, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Youssef L, Carneiro MAS, Chen C, Wang D, Wang D. Effects of Functional Strength Training Combined with Aerobic Training on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Movement Quality in Obese Adolescents. Nutrients 2024; 16:1434. [PMID: 38794672 PMCID: PMC11123798 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of 12 weeks of functional strength training combined with aerobic training (TG) and traditional resistance training combined with aerobic training (CG) on the body composition, physical fitness, and movement quality of obese adolescents. Forty participants were randomly assigned to either the TG group (n = 20) or the CG group (n = 20). Each group underwent training five times per week, lasting 120 min each time, over a total period of 12 weeks. All participants followed a strict dietary program. Anthropometric parameters, body composition, physical fitness, and movement quality were evaluated at baseline and after intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA observed a significant interaction between time and group for body mass (p = 0.043), body fat percentage (p = 0.045), body mass index (p = 0.025), neck circumference (p = 0.01), chest circumference (p = 0.027), left-hand grip strength (p = 0.043), right-hand grip strength (p = 0.048), standing broad jump (p = 0.044), and total Functional Movement Screen score (p = 0.003), and the improvement was greater for TG in comparison to CG. TG was found to be more effective than CG in enhancing body composition, physical fitness, and movement quality in obese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Wang
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.W.); (H.M.); (C.C.); (D.W.)
| | - Huihui Ma
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.W.); (H.M.); (C.C.); (D.W.)
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China;
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Layale Youssef
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Marcelo A. S. Carneiro
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina 86050-070, Paraná, Brazil;
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group (PhyNEr), Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.W.); (H.M.); (C.C.); (D.W.)
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.W.); (H.M.); (C.C.); (D.W.)
| | - Dexin Wang
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.W.); (H.M.); (C.C.); (D.W.)
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Wu C, Cheong M, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhang Q, Li M, Lei S. Impact of Functional Training on Functional Movement and Athletic Performance in College Dragon Boat Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3897. [PMID: 36900907 PMCID: PMC10002020 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Functional training has become a popular training method in different sports, yet limited studies have focused on paddle sports. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of functional training on functional movement and athletic performance in college dragon boat athletes. A total of 42 male athletes were divided into 2 groups: a functional training (FT) group (n = 21, 21 ± 1.47 years) and a regular training (RT) group (n = 21, 22 ± 1.50 years). The FT group participated in an 8-week (16-session) functional-training program, while the RT group trained with strength-training sessions. Functional movement screen (FMS), Y-balance test (YBT) and athletic performance evaluations were conducted before and after the intervention. Repeated measure ANOVA and t-test evaluations were employed to examine differences for both groups. The FT group was significantly improved in FMS scores (F = 0.191, p < 0.001) and YBT scores (F = 2.59, p = 0.027), and it also showed significantly improved muscular fitness (pull-ups: F = 0.127, p < 0.001; push-ups: F = 1.43, p < 0.001) and rowing speed (F = 4.37, p = 0.004). It is recommended to include functional training as a part of training and routine exercise, as it appears to be an effective way of improving FMS and athletic performance in paddle sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chichong Wu
- Choi Kai Yau College, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Manwai Cheong
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiuqiang Wang
- Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Exercise Translational Medicine Centre, Shanghai Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siman Lei
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Feasibility and Reliability of Health-Related Physical Fitness Tests in Children and Adolescents with Hearing Impairment. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020353. [PMID: 36832482 PMCID: PMC9955734 DOI: 10.3390/children10020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Although research supports the feasibility and reliability of health-related physical fitness (HRPF) tests in typically developing children and adolescents, little is known regarding the feasibility and reliability of these tests for those with hearing impairments (HI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of a HRPF test battery for children and adolescents with HI. A test-retest design with a one-week interval was conducted with 26 participants with HI (mean age: 12.7 ± 2.8 years; 9 male). The feasibility and reliability of seven field-based HRPF tests (i.e., body mass index, grip strength, standing long jump, vital capacity, long distance run, sit-and-reach, one leg stand) were evaluated. All the tests showed high feasibility (completion rate > 90%). Six tests indicated good to excellent test-retest reliability (all intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] > 0.75) while the one leg stand test showed poor reliability (ICC = 0.36). Relatively large percentages of standard error of measurement (SEM%) and minimal detectable change (MDC%) were observed in the sit-and-reach test (SEM% = 52.4%, MDC% = 145.2%) and one leg stand test (SEM% = 107.9%, MDC% = 299.2%), whereas the rest of the tests demonstrated reasonable SEM% and MDC% values. Collectively, most of the tests can be feasibly and reliably used to assess HRPF for children and adolescents with HI.
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Wang Z, Wang J. EFFECTS OF FUNCTIONAL STRENGTH TRAINING ON SPRINTERS’ STRENGTH. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: The exercise of functional strength in a sprinter can play an essential performance gain to propulsion. Functional training can significantly affect the sprinter, preventing injury and making better use of physical training. The sprint interval training method has been widely recognized and applied. Objective: This paper explores the effect of functional strength training by the sprint interval training method on the strength quality of sprinters. Methods: This paper uses random sampling to select 30 male college sprinters as research subjects. The volunteers were divided into two groups according to the performance of the 100-meter speed project: All the essential data of the subjects who passed the T-test were without statistical difference P>0.05. Both groups perform daily training. Functional strength training was added to the experimental group by interval start training with a full 12-week cycle. The strength data of the athletes were measured before and after the experiment, measured, and discussed statistically. Results: The indicators showed significant differences, except for the normal left supine position support test, unchanged by the presented intervention(P<0.01). After the experiment, all indicators were statistically significant compared to the control group (P<0.01). The performance of the groups in the ball exercise, static jump, and vertical jump was significantly improved (P<0.01). Conclusion: Functional strength exercise can improve sprinters’ body control and stability. The sprint interval method can also improve the speed of upward force transmission. This conclusion is significant for formulating the strength training plan designed for sprinters. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
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Huang J, Zhong M, Wang J. Effects of Exercise-Based Interventions on Functional Movement Capability in Untrained Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159353. [PMID: 35954708 PMCID: PMC9368594 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the effects of exercise-based interventions on functional movement capability in untrained populations and provide a reference for future intervention studies in this field. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Cochrane Library, WanFang, and CNKI databases were systematically searched from inception until February 2022, for randomized or non-randomized controlled trials, addressing the effect of physical activity on functional movement capability in untrained populations. Two researchers independently conducted study selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation. Meta-analysis was performed using RveMan 5.3 and Stata 16.0 software. Twenty studies with 1596 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The results of meta-analysis demonstrated that exercise-based interventions were associated with improved asymmetry functional patterns (RR = 0.40; 95% CI [0.31, 0.50]; p < 0.00001), FMS composite score (MD = 3.01; 95% CI [2.44, 3.58]; p < 0.00001), deep squat (MD = 0.57; 95% CI [0.37, 0.77]; p < 0.00001), hurdle step (MD = 0.56; 95% CI [0.38, 0.75]; p < 0.00001), in-line lunge (MD = 0.54; 95% CI [0.43, 0.66]; p < 0.00001), shoulder mobility (MD = 0.37; 95% CI [0.15, 0.60]; p = 0.001), active straight leg raise (MD = 0.42; 95% CI [0.24, 0.60]; p < 0.00001), trunk stability push up (MD = 0.40; 95% CI [0.16, 0.63]; p = 0.001), and rotary stability (MD = 0.45; 95% CI [0.24, 0.67]; p < 0.0001). Exercise-based interventions were effective in improving functional movement capability in untrained populations. However, there is a need for high-quality, sufficiently powered RCTs to provide a more definitive conclusion.
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Ma Q, Kong J. Intervention Effect Study on Recovery Effect of Cold Bath after Resistance Training. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20225501012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In sports practice, cold water baths are increasingly used by athletes and practitioners to relieve post-exercise fatigue and accelerate the recovery of physiological functions and athletic ability. Various cold bathing schemes with different water temperature and time combinations used in previous studies can all produce a certain recovery effect, but it is still difficult to determine the appropriate cold bathing scheme that is conducive to short-term recovery. Its relatively good recovery effect is sought under the condition that the time combination is controlled. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of an intervention on the recovery effect of cold water baths after resistance training. The research in this paper will use literature method, experimental method and mathematical statistics method to sort out the existing literature data, and carry out experimental research on the basis of the existing research results. Physiological function and the recovery effect of the ability to exercise again in a short period of time, explore its mechanism, and provide a reference for the practical application of cold water bathing. Experiments have shown that different cold bath programs have different intervention effects after resistance training, which can increase the recovery effect by about 10% and shorten the recovery time.
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