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Rezaei N, Behboodi Moghadam Z, Tahmasebi A, Taheri S, Namazi M. Women`s sexual function during the postpartum period: A systematic review on measurement tools. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38975. [PMID: 39058853 PMCID: PMC11272350 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual health is a critical component of overall well-being, yet discussions around sexual function, especially in the context of postpartum recovery, are often taboo or sidelined. The aim was to review measurement tools assessing women's sexual function/health during the postpartum period. METHODS We did a systematic search according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses 2020 guidelines in different databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest and Open Access Thesis and Dissertations, and Google scholar search engine until June 2023. Also, the reference list of the related reviews has been screened. Eligible studies included observational studies or clinical trials that evaluated women`s sexual function during the postpartum period using existing tools. Data extraction covered study characteristics, measurement tools, and their validity and reliability. RESULTS From 3064 retrieved records, after removing duplicates and excluding ineligible studies, and reviewing the reference list of the related reviews, 41 studies were included in this review. Tools measuring sexual function were developed from 1996 to 2017. Sexual activity questionnaire, female sexual function index (FSFI), sexual function questionnaire, short form of the pelvic organ prolapse/urinary incontinence sexual questionnaire, sexual health outcomes in women questionnaire, shorter version of FSFI, and sexual function questionnaire's medical impact scale and Carol scale. CONCLUSION Sexual activity questionnaire, FSFI, sexual function questionnaire, short form of the pelvic organ prolapse/urinary incontinence sexual questionnaire, sexual health outcomes in women questionnaire, shorter version of FSFI, sexual function questionnaire's medical impact scale, and Carol scale are valid and reliable measuring tools to assess sexual function or sexual health during postpartum period, which can be used in primary studies according to the study aim and objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Rezaei
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Zahra Behboodi Moghadam
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atbin Tahmasebi
- School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Safoura Taheri
- Department of Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Namazi
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tarchi L, Merola GP, Selvi G, Caprara E, Pecoraro V, Cassioli E, Rossi E, Petraglia F, Ricca V, Castellini G. Pregorexia: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the constructs of body image dissatisfaction and eating disturbances by gestational age in the peripartum. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:64. [PMID: 37526698 PMCID: PMC10393903 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pregorexia is a phenomenon posited to occur in the peripartum, characterized by an attempt to counter pregnancy's physiological changes in body shape through reduced calorie intake or increased physical activity. METHODS In this pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis, body image dissatisfaction and eating psychopathology in the peripartum according to gestational age were formally assessed. PubMed was searched up to May 2023. Selection criteria were represented by studies on body image concerns or eating psychopathology in the peripartum (up to 1 year after delivery). The population needed to include women from the general population or among patients with a history of (or current) eating disorder. For the meta-analysis, 17 studies were included: 10 for body image dissatisfaction (2625 individuals overall), 7 for eating behaviors (2551 individuals overall). The interplay between body image and the following themes was examined in depth: the adoption of breastfeeding, peripartum depression, sociocultural influences on body image, sexual disturbances, experiencing or reporting an altered food intake. RESULTS Progressive dissatisfaction with body image during pregnancy by gestational age was observed, stably elevated for at least 12 months postpartum. Eating psychopathology was observed as elevated only at 12 months in the postpartum, but not during pregnancy. DISCUSSION The current work offers normative values of body image satisfaction and eating psychopathology in the peripartum by gestational age. The relevance of current results was discussed, in order to inform both current clinical practice and future public policies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I-Evidence obtained from: systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Tarchi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Della Maternità, Padiglione 8B, 50121, Florence, FI, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pierpaolo Merola
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Della Maternità, Padiglione 8B, 50121, Florence, FI, Italy
| | - Giulia Selvi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Della Maternità, Padiglione 8B, 50121, Florence, FI, Italy
| | - Eleonora Caprara
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Della Maternità, Padiglione 8B, 50121, Florence, FI, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pecoraro
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Della Maternità, Padiglione 8B, 50121, Florence, FI, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cassioli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Della Maternità, Padiglione 8B, 50121, Florence, FI, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rossi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Della Maternità, Padiglione 8B, 50121, Florence, FI, Italy
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Della Maternità, Padiglione 8B, 50121, Florence, FI, Italy
| | - Giovanni Castellini
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Della Maternità, Padiglione 8B, 50121, Florence, FI, Italy.
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Ozcan S. Does the postpartum body image of primiparous women giving vaginal delivery affect their sexual functions and depression and fatigue levels? Health Care Women Int 2023; 45:495-511. [PMID: 36943288 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2023.2190980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The body image-related problems can negatively affect women's lives in many ways. The study was aimed at investigating the effects of postpartum body image on sexual functions, and fatigue and depression levels of primiparous women who gave birth vaginally. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 133 women who presented to the obstetrics and gynecology clinics of a state hospital in Turkey between June 2021 and December 2021. At the end of the study, a moderate relationship was determined between the women's body image and their depression (r = 0.500; p < 0.001) and fatigue (r = 0.666; p < 0.001) levels, and a weak relationship between their body image and sexual functions (r = -0.372; p < 0.001). According to the backward regression model used in the study, the women's fatigue and education levels accounted for their body image by 45.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiye Ozcan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecological Nursing, Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey
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Hees KA, Speer L, Gozzi P, Berg C, Hellmeyer L, Schlembach D, Wernecke KD, David M. Eine Analyse zur Wiederaufnahme von Geschlechtsverkehr und dem
Auftreten von Dyspareunie post sectionem. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2022; 227:141-146. [PMID: 36368684 DOI: 10.1055/a-1929-1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungSchwangerschaft und Geburt eines Kindes stellen eine prägende
Erfahrung mit Auswirkungen auf das Körpergefühl und die
Sexualität einer Mutter dar. Dabei wird in der Literatur bereits ein
Einfluss des Geburtsmodus auf die postpartale Sexualität diskutiert.
Ziel dieser Studie ist es nun, die Wiederaufnahme von vaginalem
Geschlechtsverkehr (vag. GV.) und das Auftreten einer Dyspareunie in
Abhängigkeit von primärer vs. sekundärer Sectio zu
untersuchen. Ebenso werden ein möglicher Einfluss des Stillens, der
(Still-)Amenorrhoe und hormoneller Kontrazeptiva auf die Wiederaufnahme des
vag. GV näher evaluiert.
Methodik Von Oktober 2019 bis Juni 2020 wurden 525 Frauen nach
erfolgter Sectio für eine prospektive, multizentrische Studie zur
Erhebung von Häufigkeit und assoziierten Beschwerden bei einer
Isthmozele drei (3 M. pp.) und sechs Monate postpartal (6 M.
pp.) rekrutiert. Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurden die Studienteilnehmerinnen
zudem mittels Fragebögen zur Wiederaufnahme des vag. GV, zum Stillen
und zu potentieller Symptome wie „Dyspareunie“ und
„Unterbauchschmerzen“ befragt. Eingeschlossen wurden Frauen
im Alter zwischen 18 und 40 Jahren, mit Einlings- oder
Geminigravidität, ohne Plazentationsstörung.
Ergebnisse 66,4% der befragten Frauen gaben
3 M. pp. an wieder vag. GV aufgenommen zu haben, zu 6 M. pp.
79,7% (p<0,001). Unter Einbeziehung des Sectio-Modus
(primär vs. sekundär) ergab sich weder ein signifikanter
Unterschied bezüglich der Wiederaufnahme von vag. GV (Aufnahme vag.
GV: 3 M. pp. p=0,843, 6 M. pp. p=0,236) noch
bezüglich einer Dyspareunie (3 M. pp. p=0,645,
6 M. pp. p=0,187). 6 M. pp. litten 41,5% der
Frauen nach primärer Sectio unter einer Dyspareunie und
50,0% nach sekundärer Sectio. Interessanterweise zeigten
sich „Stillen“ und „Ausbleiben der
Regelblutung“ als signifikante Einflussfaktoren auf das Auftreten
einer Dyspareunie 3 und 6 Monate postpartal (Stillen: 3 M. pp.
p<0,001; 6 M. pp. p=0,010; Regelblutung:
3 M. pp. p<0,001; 6 M. pp. p=0,006). So
zeigte sich bei Frauen, die stillten, häufiger eine Dyspareunie.
Ebenfalls häufiger trat eine Dyspareunie bei Frauen auf, die
„Ausbleiben der Regelblutung“ angaben. Die logistische
Regression ergab 3 M. pp. für Frauen, die nicht mehr
stillten, ein geringeres Risiko für eine Dyspareunie
(OR=0,46; 95%-Konfidenzintervall: 0,26–0,83;
p=0,010), sowie ein höheres Risiko für das Auftreten
einer Dyspareunie bei Ausbleiben der Regelblutung (OR=1,98;
95%-Konfidenzintervall: 1,15–3,43, p=0,014). 6
Monate postpartal ergaben sich diese Zusammenhänge in der
logistischen Regression nicht mehr.
Schlussfolgerungen Auch wenn sekundären Sectiones
oftmals verzögerte Geburtsphasen vorangehen und der Eingriff unter
erschwerten Bedingungen durchgeführt werden muss, zeigt sich in
dieser Studie kein Einfluss auf die postpartale Sexualität. Eine
(Still-)Amenorrhö wurde hingegen als Faktor identifiziert, der
vermehrt zu einer Dyspareunie führen kann.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lara Speer
- Klinik für Geburtsmedizin,
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paola Gozzi
- Klinik für Gynäkologie,
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Berg
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtsmedizin, Vivantes
Clinic in Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Hellmeyer
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtsmedizin, Vivantes
Clinic in Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Klaus-Dieter Wernecke
- Institut für Biometrie und Klinische Epidemiologie,
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias David
- Klinik für Gynäkologie,
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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