1
|
Richardson AL. Hope and anxiety. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 53:101664. [PMID: 37572550 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety-related disorders continue to be one of the most prevalent and burdensome psychiatric disorders. Research has examined resilience factors, such as hope, that can build resilience toward or mitigate the impact of anxiety disorders. The following review provides a summary of hope as a factor of resilience as well as a mechanism of change in reducing levels of anxiety. First, hope and anxiety are conceptualized as future-oriented traits. Then, hope as a source of resilience against trait anxiety is discussed. The article then discusses the moderate, indirect relationship between hope and general as well as specific forms of anxiety before providing empirical support for hope as a mechanism of change in the reduction of anxiety. Finally, considerations for future study of hope and anxiety are discussed.
Collapse
|
2
|
Weziak-Bialowolska D, Bialowolski P, Lee MT, Chen Y, VanderWeele TJ, McNeely E. Prospective Associations Between Social Connectedness and Mental Health. Evidence From a Longitudinal Survey and Health Insurance Claims Data. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604710. [PMID: 35755953 PMCID: PMC9218058 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Evidence on social stimuli associated with mental health is based mostly on self-reported health measures. We aimed to examine prospective associations between social connectedness and clinical diagnosis of depression and of anxiety. Methods: Longitudinal observational data merged with health insurance data comprising medical information on diagnosis of depression and anxiety were used. 1,209 randomly sampled employees of a US employer provided data for the analysis. Robust Poisson regression models were used. Multiple imputation was conducted to handle missing data on covariates. Results: Better social connectedness was associated with lower risks of subsequently diagnosed depression and anxiety, over a one-year follow-up period. Reports of feeling lonely were associated with increased risks of depression and anxiety. Association between community-related social connectedness and subsequent diagnosis of depression, but not of anxiety, was found. The associations were independent of demographics, socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and work characteristics. They were also robust to unmeasured confounding, missing data patterns, and prior health conditions. Conclusion: Social connectedness may be an important factor for reducing risks of depression and anxiety. Loneliness should be perceived as a risk factor for depression and anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Weziak-Bialowolska
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Evaluation and Analysis of Public Policies, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Bialowolski
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Economics, Kozminski University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matthew T. Lee
- Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tyler J. VanderWeele
- Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eileen McNeely
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yildirim D, Vives J, Ballespí S. Anxiety and Depression: The Moderating Effects of Attention to Emotion and Emotional Clarity. Psychol Rep 2022; 126:1221-1234. [PMID: 35060789 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211070764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are the most common mental health problems. They often occur together and significantly affect well-being and daily functioning. However, it is unclear to what extent the two dimensions of meta-mood knowledge play a role in their comorbidity. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine the role of attention to emotion and emotional clarity in the relationship between anxiety and depression. A sample of 256 adults aged 32–66 years ( M = 46.21, SD = 5.53; 82.03% women) completed questionnaires on anxiety, depression, and meta-mood knowledge. Results showed that emotional clarity buffered the relationship between anxiety and depression. In addition, all combinations of attention to emotion and emotional clarity showed a significant and positive relationship with anxiety and depression symptom severity, with one exception. Interestingly, there was no statistically significant relationship between anxiety and depression when attention to emotion was low and emotional clarity was high. This last condition was interpreted as beneficial rather than detrimental, which in turn could help promote psychological resilience to better cope with emotional difficulties. Given these findings, this study highlights the role of attention to emotion and emotional clarity in assessing anxiety and risk of comorbid depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damla Yildirim
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jaume Vives
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Sport Research Institute UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Ballespí
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cowden RG, Pargament KI, Chen ZJ, Davis EB, Lemke AW, Glowiak KJ, Rueger SY, Worthington EL. Religious/spiritual struggles and psychological distress: A test of three models in a longitudinal study of adults with chronic health conditions. J Clin Psychol 2021; 78:544-558. [PMID: 34398979 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tested three conceptual explanatory models that have been theorized to account for the linkages between religious/spiritual (R/S) struggles and psychological distress: the primary model (i.e., R/S struggles lead to psychological distress), the secondary model (i.e., psychological distress leads to R/S struggles), and the complex model (i.e., R/S struggles and psychological distress reciprocally exacerbate each other). METHODS Using prospective data from a sample of US adults living with chronic health conditions (n = 302), we performed a cross-lagged panel analysis with three timepoints to test for evidence of potential causal relations between R/S struggles and psychological distress. RESULTS Consistent with the complex conceptual model of R/S struggles, we found evidence of positive reciprocal associations between R/S struggles and psychological distress. CONCLUSION The findings highlight the importance of attending to the dynamic interplay between R/S struggles and psychological distress when working with adults who have chronic health conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Cowden
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth I Pargament
- Psychology Department, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhuo J Chen
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Edward B Davis
- School of Psychology, Counseling, and Family Therapy, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois, USA
| | - Austin W Lemke
- School of Psychology, Counseling, and Family Therapy, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois, USA
| | - Kevin J Glowiak
- School of Psychology, Counseling, and Family Therapy, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois, USA
| | - Sandra Y Rueger
- School of Psychology, Counseling, and Family Therapy, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|