1
|
Fang S, Liang H, Liang Y. Relationship between person, environmental factors, and activities of daily living performance among physically disabled older adults living at home: a structural equation model. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:285. [PMID: 37170103 PMCID: PMC10176859 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults with physical disability need long-term services and support, which incur enormous costs. However, supportive environments may reduce disability and promote aging in place. It is unclear how the physical and social environment affect different types of functional impairments and influence the performance of activities of daily living (ADL) in physically disabled older adults. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between person, environmental factors, and ADL performance among physically disabled older adults living at home. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. Using long-term care insurance claims data from a pilot city in China, we used a structural equation model to assess the potential paths among person, environmental factors, and ADL performance. RESULTS Education and income had different influences on the social environment and physical environment. The functional impairments had significant effects on ADL performance, either directly or through physical environment (with handrails) and social environment (family support). CONCLUSIONS The present findings offer crucial evidence for understanding the interactions between a person and the environment, as well as their influence on physical ADLs, suggesting the importance of a supportive environment and a subpopulation-targeting strategy for disabled older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Fang
- Institute of Sociology, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, 622 Huaihai Middle Rd., Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200020, China
| | - Hong Liang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd., Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Liang
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, 305 Fenglin Rd., Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Iwanaga K, Rumrill P, Reid CA, Thomas A, Wagner CC. Psychometric Validation of the Brief-COPE Scale in a Sample of Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis: A Brief Report. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00343552221139875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
People with multiple sclerosis (MS) must often cope with high levels of stress, especially during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The Brief-COPE is commonly used to assess how individuals use different coping strategies to deal with stressful life situations, but its application with people who have MS has not been validated. The purpose of this study was to assess the measurement structure and psychometric properties of the Brief-COPE in a sample of community-dwelling adults with multiple sclerosis, using exploratory factor analysis. Results revealed a three-factor measurement structure: (a) flexible coping, (b) succumbing coping, and (c) substance use coping. Correlations among these three factors and external measures of related concepts provided evidence of the validity of these factors. The Brief-COPE can be incorporated in rehabilitation counseling, mental health, and health care settings to assess coping strategies, assisting people with MS with managing stressful life events during and after the pandemic. Rehabilitation and health researchers can use it to assess the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions aimed to improve coping abilities and mental health of people with MS.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee B, Rumrill S, Reyes A, McDaniels B. The association between hope and employment among individuals with multiple sclerosis: A hierarchical logistic regression model. Work 2022; 74:531-538. [PMID: 36278384 DOI: 10.3233/wor-211210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most people with multiple sclerosis (MS) are employed at the time of their diagnosis; however, due to the unpredictable nature of MS, most exit the workforce shortly thereafter. A plethora of research has examined factors that negatively affect employment outcomes for people with MS. However, little is known about how hope, a modifiable positive psychology factor, affects employment. OBJECTIVE This study examined the role of hope and its association with employment outcomes for people with MS. METHODS Two-hundred and fifty-five adults with MS (mean ± SD age, 45.45 years ± 10.28) completed surveys about their MS, employment, disability-related stress, and hope. A three-step hierarchical logistic regression was conducted to examine the extent to which hope explains the variance in employment, over and above demographic and disability related covariates. RESULTS The final model explained 28% of the variance in employment, suggesting that the model was able to distinguish people with MS who were employed versus those who were unemployed. Higher levels of hope were associated with an increased probability of being employed (OR = 4.65; 95% CI [1.98, 10.92]). CONCLUSION This study supports that hope is associated with favorable employment outcomes for people with MS. Persons with MS may benefit from working with rehabilitation professionals to enhance their hope, and this study provides a foundation for the development of hope-based interventions to improve employment outcomes among this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Lee
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Stuart Rumrill
- University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thimbriel R, Urkmez B, Lee B, Umucu E. COVID-19 stress, resilience, and job loss concerns in people with chronic conditions and disabilities. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-221211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: People experience higher levels of psychological distress during times of crisis, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. Resilience is a psychological resource that helps people to recover from adverse events. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of resilience on COVID-19-related stress and worry about job loss in people with chronic conditions and disabilities (PwCID). METHODS: The Perceived Stress Questionnaire -8 (PSQ-8) and the Brief Resilience Scale were used to measure COVID-19-related stress and resilience, respectively. Demographics were also assessed. A two-step hierarchical regression and binary regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: A moderate amount of perceived stress and resilience with mean scores of 2.45 (SD = 0.69; range 1-4) and 3.17 (SD = 0.98; range 1-5), respectively, were found among the 269 participants. Resilience (β=-0.44, p < 0.001) was significantly associated withCOVID-19-related stress after controlling for demographic variables. Results also revealed that those with higher resilience scores had lower probability to worry about job loss. CONCLUSION: PwCID who have higher scores on resilience reported lower levels of COVID-19-related stress. Resilience can be cultivated among PwCID for better psychological outcomes during times of crisis. Vocational rehabilitation counselors can implement strategies to improve resilience in PwCID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Thimbriel
- Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Bilal Urkmez
- Department of Counseling and Higher Education, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Beatrice Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Emre Umucu
- Department of Rehabilitation Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee B, Rumrill P, Tansey TN. Examining the Role of Resilience and Hope in Grit in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:875133. [PMID: 35651340 PMCID: PMC9150841 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.875133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of resilience and hope on grit when controlling for demographic covariates, depression, and anxiety in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 348 participants with MS. Descriptive statistics were performed to examine participants' demographic characteristics. A three-step hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the extent to which resilience and hope explain the unique variance in grit while controlling for demographic covariates, depression, and anxiety. Findings suggested that resilience and hope explained a significant amount of variance in grit when controlling for demographic covariates, depression, and anxiety. Furthermore, higher resilience and hope scores were associated with higher grit scores. Given that resilience, hope, and grit are modifiable, rehabilitation and mental health professionals (e.g., psychologists, psychiatrists, rehabilitation counselors) can integrate strength-based interventions into their practices to bolster resilience, hope, and grit in people with MS. Our paper also has implications for interdisciplinary research and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Lee
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Phillip Rumrill
- Human Development Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Timothy N Tansey
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Special Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee B, Chan F. The Development and Psychometric Validation of the Brief Disability-Related Stress Scale in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00343552221087173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disability-related stress is the unique stressful experiences and challenges people with disabilities encounter. The goal of the study was to develop and validate the Brief Disability-Related Stress Scale ( BDRSS) in a sample of people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Findings demonstrated that the BDRSS is unidimensional and has good psychometric properties (internal consistency reliability coefficient [Cronbach’s α = .86]). The BDRSS was also found to correlate with the Perceived Stress Scale–10 ( PSS-10; r = .69). Results of this study suggested the potential clinical utility of incorporating the BDRSS in rehabilitation, mental health, and neuropsychology settings to assess stressors experienced by people with MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fong Chan
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee B, Reyes A, Rumrill S, Bishop M. The Intermediary Role of Optimism and Mental Health in the Relationship Between Disability-Related Stress and Life Satisfaction: A Serial Mediation Model. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00343552221080434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although research has examined the relationship between stress and life satisfaction for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), less is known about the mechanism through which disability-related stress affects life satisfaction. The purpose of the study was to examine the intermediary role of optimism and mental health in the relationship between disability-related stress and life satisfaction in people with MS. In this cross-sectional study, the sample consisted of 373 adults with MS (mean age = 47.77 years; SD = 11.70). Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and a serial mediation analysis were conducted in this study. Our findings suggested that disability-related stress was inversely associated with optimism, mental health, and life satisfaction. Optimism was positively associated with mental health and life satisfaction. Mental health was positively associated with life satisfaction. The serial mediation analysis results suggested that disability-related stress was negatively associated with life satisfaction through optimism and mental health. Our findings provided implications for clinicians to facilitate optimism and mental health promotion for people with MS.
Collapse
|
8
|
Umucu, PhD E, Lee, PhD B, Berwick A, O’Neill LE, Chan F, Chen X. Reducing the Influence of Perceived Stress on Subjective Well-Being of Student Veterans With and Without Disabilities: The Protective Role of Positive Traits and Social Support. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00343552221077942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The transition from the regimented environment of military service to a less structured college lifestyle can be stressful for student veterans with and without disabilities, which highlights the importance of exploring protective person-environmental contextual factors that can help student veterans with and without disabilities manage their stress effectively, leading to enhanced well-being. The purpose of this cross-sectional correlational design study was to examine the role of positive person-environment contextual factors, including hope, resilience, core self-evaluations, and social support, to reduce the influence of perceived stress on the subjective well-being (SWB) of student veterans with and without disabilities. The sample included 205 student veterans (71.7% males; 80.5% White; Mage = 29.32; 39% with service-connected disability). Findings suggested that core self-evaluations and social support partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and SWB in student veterans with and without disabilities. Implications for clinicians, university counselors, and university staff are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fong Chan
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Umucu E, Lee B, Genova HM, Chopik WJ, Sung C, Yasuoka M, Niemiec RM. Character Strengths Across Disabilities: An International Exploratory Study and Implications for Positive Psychiatry and Psychology. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:863977. [PMID: 35280155 PMCID: PMC8914428 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.863977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in character strengths for people with disabilities by using an international dataset by the VIA Institiute on Character. Specifically, we aimed to explore (a) the top and bottom five character strengths reported by different disability groups and all people with disabilities more broadly, and (b) group differences in each character strength and total character strengths. The investigator contacted the VIA Institute on Character (http://www.viacharacter.org/) for obtaining the dataset for the current study. After data cleaning, our sample size resulted in 11,699 people with disabilities. Among most people with disabilities, the top five character strengths scores were love of learning, honesty, appreciation of beauty and excellence, kindness, and fairness. The bottom five character strengths scores were self-regulation, perseverance, zest, spirituality, and prudence. Knowing that there is heterogeneity in character strengths across groups gives us a better understanding of the areas that people with different disabilities and conditions might thrive and provides clinicians and practitioners with a more nuanced understanding for how to possibly intervene with their clients. Positive psychiatry and psychology implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Umucu
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Beatrice Lee
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Helen M Genova
- Center for Neuropsychology and Neuroscience Research, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, United States
| | - William J Chopik
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Connie Sung
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Mizuka Yasuoka
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Ryan M Niemiec
- Education Director of the VIA Institute, VIA Institute on Character, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|