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Ajong AB, Kenfack B, Ali IM, Yakum MN, Ukaogo PO, Mangala FN, Aljerf L, Telefo PB. Adverse maternofoetal outcomes associated with ionised calcaemia, total calcaemia, albuminaemia, and calcium supplementation in pregnancy: Analysis from a resource-limited setting. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271525. [PMID: 35913943 PMCID: PMC9342720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Disorders of total calcium (tCa) in pregnancy have been associated with adverse maternofoetal outcomes. However, studies evaluating this from the viewpoint of ionised calcaemia are practically inexistent. This study estimates the prevalence of some adverse maternal and foetal outcomes and the potential effect of ionised calcium (iCa), tCa, albumin and calcium supplementation on some maternofoetal outcomes. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1074 pregnant women in late pregnancy from four health facilities in the Nkongsamba Health District. Data were collected by interview, analysis of maternal blood samples and measurement of maternal and foetal parameters. Total calcaemia and albuminaemia were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while iCa and pH were measured using ion-selective potentiometry. Associations were measured using the odds ratio in simple and multiple logistic regression. Results The prevalence of low birth weight, macrosomia, and hypertension in pregnancy was 6.27 [4.97–7.89]%, 4.78 [3.65–7.89]%, 10.24 [8.57–12.20]%, respectively. Following multiple logistic regression, women with iCa levels ≤ 1.31mmol/L had significantly increased odds of hypertension in pregnancy (AOR = 2.47 [1.63–3.74], p-value = 0.000), having babies with low birth weight (AOR = 2.02[1.33–3.61], p-value = 0.002), low birth length (AOR = 2.00 [1.34–2.99], p-value = 0.001), low brachial circumference (AOR = 1.41[1.10–1.81], p-value = 0.007), first minute Apgar score < 7 (AOR = 3.08[1.70–5.59], p-value = 0.000) and fifth minute Apgar score < 7 (AOR = 2.86[1.32–6.16], p-value = 0.007). Ionised calcaemia had no significant association with maternal body mass index immediately after birth and the head circumference of the baby. Total calcaemia was found to have no significant association with any of the selected outcomes, while women with total albuminaemia ≤ 30mg/L had significantly higher odds of having babies with low birth weight (AOR = 3.40[1.96–5.91], p-value = 0.000), and Apgar scores < 7 at the first (AOR = 2.07[1.16–3.70], p-value = 0.013). Calcium supplementation showed no significant association with any of the selected outcomes except for the first (OR = 0.42[0.24–0.72], p-value = 0.002) and fifth minute Apgar score (OR = 0.25[0.12–0.50], p-value = 0.000). Conclusion The prevalence of low birth weight, macrosomia, and hypertension in pregnancy was 6.27 [4.97–7.89]%, 4.78 [3.65–7.89]%, 10.24 [8.57–12.20]%, respectively. Maternal iCa levels ≤ 1.31mmol/L significantly increase the odds of having babies with low birth weight, low birth length, low brachial circumference at birth, low Apgar scores at the first and fifth minutes and maternal hypertension in pregnancy. Low maternal albuminaemia is significantly associated with low birth weight, and Apgar score < 7 at the first minute. None f the selected maternofoetal outcomes directly depend on total calcaemia, given that none of the associations was statistically significant. Even though iCa levels remain relatively normal in normal pregnancies, it remains the strongest predictor of foetal outcomes. Calcium supplementation significantly improves the Apgar scores at the first and fifth minute. Routine pregnancy follow-up should include evaluating maternal calcaemic states, particularly the ionised fraction, to detect the low-normal concentrations likely to impact maternal and foetal outcomes. Normal iCa levels for pregnant women need revisiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atem Bethel Ajong
- Department of Mother and Child Care, Kekem District Hospital, Kekem, West Region, Cameroon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, West Region, Cameroon
- * E-mail: (ABA); (PBT)
| | - Bruno Kenfack
- Department of Obstetrics / Gynaecology and Maternal Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, West Region, Cameroon
| | - Innocent Mbulli Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, West Region, Cameroon
| | - Martin Ndinakie Yakum
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Kesmonds International University, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | | | - Fulbert Nkwele Mangala
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
- Maternity unit, Nkongsamba Regional Hospital, Nkongsamba, Littoral Region, Cameroon
| | - Loai Aljerf
- Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Phelix Bruno Telefo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, West Region, Cameroon
- * E-mail: (ABA); (PBT)
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Woltamo DD, Meskele M, Workie SB, Badacho AS. Determinants of fetal macrosomia among live births in southern Ethiopia: a matched case–control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:465. [PMID: 35655197 PMCID: PMC9161488 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fetal macrosomia defined as birth weight of 4000 g and above regardless of gestational age and associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, especially among women in developing countries like Ethiopia. Despite the observed burden, there is limited evidence on determinants of fetal macrosomia. This study aimed to identify determinants of fetal macrosomia among live births at Wolaita Sodo town Southern Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based matched case–control study design involved 360 singletons deliveries attended at hospitals in Wolaita Sodo town, southern Ethiopia, with 120 cases and 240 controls included. Cases and control were matched by maternal age. Cases were neonates with a birth weight of ≥ 4000, while controls were neonates with a birthweight between 2500gm and less than 4000gm. Data were collected by interviews, measuring, and reviewing mothers' medical documents. Conditional logistic regression analysis was carried to identify the independent predictor variables. Statistical significance was set using a p-value < 0.05 and 95% CI for AOR. Results Male neonates were four times more likely to be macrosomia than female neonates MAOR = 4.0 [95%CI; 2.25–7.11, p < 0.001]. Neonates born at gestational age ≥ 40 weeks were 4.33 times more likely to be macrosomia with MAOR = 4.33 [95%CI; 2.37–7.91, p < 0.001]. Neonates born from physically inactive mothers were 7.76 times more likely to be macrosomia with MAOR = 7.76 [95CI; 3.33–18.08, p < 0.001]. Neonates born from mothers who consumed fruits and dairy products in their diet frequently were 2 and 4.9 times more likely to be macrosomia MAOR = 2.03 [95%CI; 1.11–3.69, p = 0.021] and AOR = 4.91[95%CI; 2.36–10.23, p < 0.001] respectively. Conclusion Mothers' physical exercise and consumption of fruit and dairy products were significant predictor variables for fetal macrosomia. Hence, health care providers may use these factors as a screening tool for the prediction, early diagnosis, and timely intervention of fetal macrosomia and its complications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-04734-8.
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Belay DM, Bayih WA, Alemu AY, Sinshaw AE, Mekonen DK, Ayele AS, Aytenew TM, Aynew YE, Hailemichael W, Getu S, Kiros M, Andualem H, Birihan BM. Macrosomia and its predictors in pregnant women with diabetes in Ethiopia. Trop Med Int Health 2021; 26:1539-1552. [PMID: 34601758 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To estimate the prevalence of macrosomia and contributing factors among pregnant women with diabetes in Ethiopia. METHODS The Cochrane, PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, Web of Science electronic databases and grey literature found in online university repositories were searched for primary studies reporting the prevalence of macrosomia (birth weight ≥4 kg, irrespective of gestational age) and/or at least one determinant factor using WHO diabetes diagnosis criteria were involved. Variations across the studies were checked using the I2 statistic; funnel plot and Egger's test were used to assess publication bias. A weighted inverse random effect model was used to estimate the overall prevalence of macrosomia. RESULTS The overall prevalence of macrosomic newborns among pregnant women with diabetes [15.1% (95% CI: 9.0%, 21.2%)] was higher than the prevalence among non-diabetic mothers (3.9%). Maternal blood glucose level >100 mg/dl [AOR = 10.5: 95% CI: 5.9, 15.1] and >120 mg/dl [AOR = 8.8: 95% CI: 4.5, 13.0], lack of Antenatal Care (ANC) visit [AOR = 10.8: 95% CI: 6.0, 15.0], previous adverse birth outcomes and advanced maternal age [AOR = 3.5: 95% CI: 1.0, 5.9] were significantly associated with the prevalence of macrosomia at 95% CI. CONCLUSION The pooled prevalence of macrosomia among pregnant women with diabetes was higher than the prevalence among non-diabetic pregnant women (3.9%). Advanced maternal age, previous adverse birth outcomes, lack of ANC and uncontrolled maternal plasma glucose level were independent predictors of macrosomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demeke Mesfin Belay
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Wubet Alebachew Bayih
- Department of Maternity and Neonatal Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Yeshambel Alemu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Aklilu Endalamaw Sinshaw
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Demewoz Kefale Mekonen
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | | | - Tigabu Munye Aytenew
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yeshambaw Eshetie Aynew
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Wasihun Hailemichael
- Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Getu
- Hematology and Immunohematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Kiros
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Henok Andualem
- Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Binyam Minuye Birihan
- Department of Maternity and Neonatal Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Cui D, Yang W, Shao P, Li J, Wang P, Leng J, Wang S, Liu E, Chan JC, Yu Z, Hu G, Yang X. Interactions between Prepregnancy Overweight and Passive Smoking for Macrosomia and Large for Gestational Age in Chinese Pregnant Women. Obes Facts 2021; 14:520-530. [PMID: 34419951 PMCID: PMC8546448 DOI: 10.1159/000517846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous analysis showed that passive smoking and overweight were associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a synergistic manner, while GDM increased the risk of macrosomia/large for gestational age (LGA). This study aimed to examine any interactive effects between passive smoking and overweight/obesity on risk of macrosomia/LGA. METHODS From 2010 to 2012, 22,302 pregnant women registered for pregnancy at a primary hospital in Tianjin, China. Data were collected longitudinally; that is, from their first antenatal care visit, at the glucose challenge test (GCT) time (24-28 weeks of gestation) and at delivery. Passive smoking was self-reported. Macrosomia was defined as birth weight ≥4,000 g. Binary logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additive interaction was used to test the synergistic effect. RESULTS Passive smokers accounted for 57.4% of women (n = 8,230). Using nonpassive smoking and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) <24.0 kg/m2 as the reference, the adjusted ORs of overweight alone and passive smoking alone for macrosomia were 2.39 (95% CI: 2.11-2.71) and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.04-1.32). Copresence of passive smoking and prepregnancy BMI ≥24.0 kg/m2 increased the OR to 2.70 (95% CI: 2.28-3.20), with a significant additive interaction. After further adjustment for GDM or GCT, the OR of copresence of both risk factors was slightly attenuated to 2.52 (2.13-3.00) and 2.51 (2.11-2.98), with significant additive interaction. However, the additive interaction between prepregnancy overweight/obesity and passive smoking for LGA was nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS Prepregnancy overweight/obesity was associated with an increased risk of macrosomia in Chinese women synergistically with passive smoking during pregnancy, and most of the association was not modified by hyperglycemia during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyu Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Shao
- Project Office, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Project Office, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhong Leng
- Department of Child Health, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Project Office, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Enqing Liu
- Department of Child Health, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Juliana C.N. Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity and The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Prince of Wales Hospital-International Diabetes Federation Centre of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhijie Yu
- Population Cancer Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gang Hu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xilin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- *Xilin Yang,
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Yapan P, Promchirachote C, Yaiyiam C, Rahman S, Pooliam J, Wataganara T. Intrapartum prediction of birth weight with a simplified algorithmic approach derived from maternal characteristics. J Perinat Med 2019; 47:643-650. [PMID: 31265430 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2018-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To derive and validate a population-specific multivariate approach for birth weight (BW) prediction based on quantitative intrapartum assessment of maternal characteristics by means of an algorithmic method in low-risk women. Methods The derivation part (n = 200) prospectively explored 10 variables to create the best-fit algorithms (70% correct estimates within ±10% of actual BW) for prediction of BW at term; vertex presentation with engagement. The algorithm was then cross validated with samples of unrelated cases (n = 280) to compare the accuracy with the routine abdominal palpation method. Results The best-fit algorithms were parity-specific. The derived simplified algorithms were (1) BW (g) = 100 [(0.42 × symphysis-fundal height (SFH; cm)) + gestational age at delivery (GA; weeks) - 25] in nulliparous, and (2) BW (g) = 100 [(0.42 × SFH (cm)) + GA - 23] in multiparous. Cross validation showed an overall 69.3% accuracy within ±10% of actual BW, which exceeded routine abdominal palpation (60.4%) (P = 0.019). The algorithmic BW prediction was significantly more accurate than routine abdominal palpation in women with the following characteristics: BW 2500-4000 g, multiparous, pre-pregnancy weight <50 kg, current weight <60 kg, height <155 cm, body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2, cervical dilatation 3-5 cm, station <0, intact membranes, SFH 30-39 cm, maternal abdominal circumference (mAC) <90 cm, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) <25 cm and female gender of the neonates (P < 0.05). Conclusion An overall accuracy of term BW prediction by our simplified algorithms exceeded that of routine abdominal palpation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piengbulan Yapan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chirameth Promchirachote
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutima Yaiyiam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suraiya Rahman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Julaporn Pooliam
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tuangsit Wataganara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, Thailand
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Köşüş N, Köşüş A. Can fetal abdominal visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous fat thickness be used for correct estimation of fetal weight? A preliminary study. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2019; 39:594-600. [PMID: 31010342 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2018.1530971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of a new formula for the calculation of an estimated fetal weight (EFW) and to evaluate value of fetal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous fat (SF) thickness on the prediction of birth weight. In this prospective study, fetal biometry, EFW, fetal VAT and SF thickness were measured in low-risk 37-41 gestational weeks pregnant women by ultrasonography. The linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between birth weight and obstetric measurements. It was found that the most important factors in the prediction of a birth weight were the abdominal circumference (AC), SF and VAT. The new formula for EFW was EFW=-2748.622+13.811*AC+56.795*SF+17.913*VAT According to the Hadlock 3 and the new formula, 92% and 95% of all fetal weight estimations were within 10% of actual birth weight, respectively. Measurement of VAT and SF thickness in prediction of fetal weight could reduce a weight estimation error. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? An accurate prediction of fetal weight during gestation provides useful information for assessing the fetal and newborn health status. As the detection of growth abnormalities is vital, there is a need for a reliable method of assessing birth weight during labour. Unfortunately, although different methods are available, a simple, quick and reliable method of assessing birth weight is still in debate. Fetal visceral adipose (VAT) tissue measurement is a new method which could be used for the correct estimation of fetal weight. Like adults, the VAT and subcutaneous fat tissue (SF) thickness could be correlated with the weight and body-mass index. What do the results of this study add? It was found that SF and VAT are important factors in the prediction of birth weight, like the abdominal circumference (AC). What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The measurement of VAT and SF thickness in prediction of fetal weight could reduce a weight estimation error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Köşüş
- a Department of ObGyn. Private Practice , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Aydın Köşüş
- a Department of ObGyn. Private Practice , Ankara , Turkey
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Clark E, Isler C, Strickland D, McMillan AG, Fang X, Kuehn D, Ravisankar S, Strom C, May LE. Influence of aerobic exercise on maternal lipid levels and offspring morphometrics. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:594-602. [PMID: 30464234 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal BMI, lipid levels (cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL), and exercise amount are interrelated and each influence offspring body size. This study proposed to determine the influence of exercise on maternal lipid levels and infant body size. METHODS We had 36 participants complete these measures. Participants in the aerobic exercise intervention (n = 14) completed three 50-min sessions weekly from 16 weeks gestation to delivery and were compared with a non-exercise control group (n = 22). Maternal lipid profiles were assessed at 16 and at 36 weeks gestation. Fetal body size was measured at 36 weeks gestational age using ultrasound assessment. Neonatal body size measures were acquired from birth records. Statistical analysis included two-sample t-tests, correlations, and regression models. RESULTS Participants were similar in age, pre-pregnancy BMI, gravida, parity, education, and gestational weight gain (GWG). There were no differences in gestational age, Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min for infants of exercisers relative to controls. Exercisers had higher pre-training triglycerides (p = 0.004) and pregnancy change in triglycerides (p = 0.049) compared to controls. Head circumference was significantly larger in exercise exposed infants relative to infants of controls. Pregnancy METs had a positive relationship with birth length (r = .445, p = .006) and birth weight (r = .391, p = .02). GWG had a moderate, positive relationship with fetal abdominal circumference (r = .570, p = .004). Regression analysis indicated 5 predictors explained 61.7% of the variance in birth weight (Adj.R2 = 0.469, F(5,13) = 5,13, p = 0.02); it was found that pregnancy METs (β = .724, p = .007), 36 week cholesterol (β = 1.066, p = .02), and 36 week LDL (β = -1.267, p = .006) significantly predict birth weight. Regression analysis indicated 4 predictors explained 43.8% of the variance in birth length (Adj.R2 = 0.306, F(4,17) = 3.32, p = 0.04); it was found that pregnancy METs (β = .530, p = .03), and 36 week LDL (β = -.891, p = .049) significantly predict birth length. CONCLUSION The primary association and predictors of infant body size was related to pregnancy exercise and late pregnancy cholesterol and LDL levels. Considering these relationships, it is essential that women maintain aerobic exercise during pregnancy, but should also be cognizant of lipid levels during their pregnancy. Therefore intervention during pregnancy focused on infant body size should involve exercise and and quality nutritional intake foods during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Clark
- Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, NC, USA
| | - Christy Isler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University (ECU), Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Diana Strickland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University (ECU), Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Devon Kuehn
- Department of Pediatrics, ECU, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - Cody Strom
- Department of Kinesiology, ECU, Greenville, NC, USA.,Department of Foundational Sciences and Research, ECU, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Linda E May
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University (ECU), Greenville, NC, USA. .,Department of Kinesiology, ECU, Greenville, NC, USA. .,Department of Foundational Sciences and Research, ECU, Greenville, NC, USA.
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Examination of the relationships between different birthweights and various gestational parameters. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.390615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Li Y, Liu QF, Zhang D, Shen Y, Ye K, Lai HL, Wang HQ, Hu CL, Zhao QH, Li L. Weight gain in pregnancy, maternal age and gestational age in relation to fetal macrosomia. Clin Nutr Res 2015; 4:104-9. [PMID: 25954731 PMCID: PMC4418414 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2015.4.2.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the possible risk factors related to macrosomia. Pregnant women and their newborns (n = 1041) were recruited from a cohort study in Maternal and Child Care Center of Hefei from January 2011 to July 2012. Questionnaires were applied to collect the demographic data besides the medical records. Detailed health records of the entire pregnancy were obtained using retrospective study. Meanwhile the data of neonatal outcomes was prospectively tracked. Associations between exposure risk factors and macrosomia were analyzed using Pearson's chi squared test. Logistic regression models were used to assess the independent association between these potential predictors and macrosomia. The incidence of macrosomia of this cohort was 11.24% of which male: female = 2.55:1. Male incidence (8.07%) of macrosomia was higher than female (3.17%), p < 0.001. Body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy (pre-BMI), maternal height, parity were not independently associated with macrosomia; multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that macrosomia was mainly independently associated with weight gain in pregnancy (OR=1.14, 95% CI [1.10-1.19]), maternal age (OR = 1.09, 95% CI [1.03-1.15]) and gestational age (OR = 1.62, 95% CI [1.31-1.99]), respectively. Our findings indicate that weight gain in pregnancy, maternal age and gestational age should be considered as independent risk factors for macrosomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Qi-Fei Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Kui Ye
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Han-Lin Lai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Hai-Qing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Chuan-Lai Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Qi-Hong Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230032, PR China
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