Youth Attitudes towards Advertisements Depicting Nudity and Alcohol: Ethical Dilemmas in Advertising

Ethical issues are complex and manifest themselves in all aspects of humanity, including business. Advertising ethics are essentially concerned with issues of morality and the moral conduct of advertisers (marketers/advertising professionals). This study is primarily concerned with ethical issues in advertising. Ethics play a definite role, yet there is a lack of clarity on what is ethical and what is unethical when it comes to advertising. This creates dilemmas for professionals who design advertisement campaigns. Specifically, the study examines how the youth are influenced by or respond to advertisements that depict nudity and alcohol. The study reveals that alcoholic and nudity appeals are often used in advertising. Both young men and women are the primary focus and objects in advertisements, with appeals that catch youths' attention in advertisements; usually without much brand recognition. It was found that the youth have different reactions towards these advertisements and are influenced by their context. The youth have differing degrees of negative attitudes towards advertisements depicting nudity and alcoholism. With careful consideration and planning, it is possible for advertisers to find a common ground and use advertisements without offending people in the process. Recommendations to managers and advertising professionals as well as future research gaps on the use of advertisements and ethics are presented.

A meta-synthesis of women's symptoms experience and breast cancer

The aim of this paper is to examine the symptom experience of women with breast cancer using meta-synthesis. Women with breast cancer may experience many symptoms resulting from the primary disease and/or treatment of the disease. It is very important the overall symptom experience from the patients' perspective is captured and understood by health professionals. The question developed was 'What is the symptom experience of women with breast cancer from time of diagnosis to completion of treatment'. The meta-synthesis process as developed by Sandelowski and Barroso was used to collect and analyse the data. The overarching idea emerging from this meta-synthesis is that the symptoms experience for women with breast cancer has effects on the very 'self' of the individual. Emerging is women's need to consider the existential issues that they face while simultaneously dealing with a multitude of physical and psychological symptoms. This meta-synthesis develops a new, integrated, and more complete interpretation of findings on the symptom experience of women with breast cancer. The results offer the clinician a greater understanding in depth and breadth than the findings from individual studies on symptom experiences.