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Alshammari AK, AlDakhayel S, Alsulaiman G, Alzoori F, Alghurayes A, Alshammari T, Algharbi M, Siddiqui AA. Impact of Orofacial Clefts on Oral Health Quality of Life: A Cross-sectional Survey Study in Saudi Arabia. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:655-659. [PMID: 38152938 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of facial clefts on the dental health quality of life of affected individuals, and to determine whether age and gender affect the oral health quality of life differently. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cross-sectional survey included 50 participants (32 females and 18 males) from the northern region of Saudi Arabia, using a reliable and validated questionnaire, the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP), which measured self-reported oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children and adults using a five-point Likert scale. Statistical analysis was performed, and results were considered significant if the p-value was less than 0.05. RESULTS The highest scores in the oral health domain were related to bad breath and reluctance in speaking or reading aloud in class within the school environment domain, with mean scores of 3.44 ± 1.3 and 3.52 ± 1.2, respectively. Most patients showed apprehension regarding necessary dental treatments (mean = 1.44 ± 0.07). The study found a non-statistically significant difference in tooth discomfort between age groups (p = 0.092), with individuals aged from 20 to 29 experiencing higher levels of discomfort than other age groups surveyed. CONCLUSION The two topics with the highest mean scores in the oral health domain and the school environment domain were bad breath and not wanting to speak or read aloud in class. Females reported more discomfort, and there was a substantial association between gender and tooth pain/sensitivity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the difficulties cleft patients face is crucial, as doing so will enable dentists to encourage and handle these issues more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman K Alshammari
- Department of Preventive dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Phone: +966 598092207, e-mail:
| | - Safanah AlDakhayel
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fatemah Alzoori
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Taif Alshammari
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muteb Algharbi
- Department of Preventive dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar A Siddiqui
- Department of Preventive dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
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Klein A. Harm Reduction Works: Evidence and Inclusion in Drug Policy and Advocacy. HEALTH CARE ANALYSIS 2020; 28:404-414. [PMID: 33079317 DOI: 10.1007/s10728-020-00406-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
One of harm reduction's most salient features is its pragmatism. Harm reduction purports to distinguish itself from dominant prohibitionist and abstinence-based policy paradigms by being grounded in what is realistic, in contrast with the moralism or puritanism of prohibition and abstention. This is reflected in the meme "harm reduction works", popular both in institutional and grassroots settings. The idea that harm reduction is realistic and effective has meant different things among the main actors who seek to shape harm reduction policy. Drawing on scholarly literature about harm reduction, as well as examples from recent harm reduction advocacy efforts in relation to drug policy in Canada, this paper argues that harm reduction distinguishes itself through a unique "way of knowing". Grassroots harm reduction advocates, particularly as they argue through human rights frameworks, do more than simply make claims for the provision of particular services-like needle exchange, safe consumption sites, safe supply and the like-on the basis that these are realistic paths toward the health and well-being of people who use drugs. Rather, as they marshal lived experience in support of these policy changes through peer-driven initiatives in contexts of prohibition, they make particular claims about what constitute valid, methodologically rigorous evidence bases for action in contexts where policies to date have been driven by ideology and have developed in ways that have excluded and marginalized those most affected from policymaking. In doing so, they advocate for the centrality of people who use drugs not only in policy-making processes, but in evidence production itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Klein
- Faculty of Law, McGill University, 3644 Peel Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 1W9, Canada.
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Puljević C, Coomber R, de Andrade D, Kinner SA. Barriers and facilitators of maintained smoking abstinence following release from smoke-free prisons: A qualitative enquiry. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2019; 68:9-17. [PMID: 30974331 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of smoking among people entering prisons is high. Despite increasing adoption of prison smoke-free policies, relapse to smoking after release from prison is nearly universal, and policy to effectively mitigate this is largely absent. Informed by a risk environment framework, we aimed to identify key barriers and facilitators to maintaining smoking abstinence among former smokers released from smoke-free prisons. METHOD Twenty-one people released from smoke-free prisons in Queensland, Australia, were followed up from a larger survey of 114 former prisoners. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore the perceived barriers and facilitators of maintained smoking abstinence. FINDINGS Identified barriers to continued abstinence included pre-release intention to resume smoking; normalisation of smoking in home or social environments, resumption of smoking as a symbolic act of freedom and resistance from and to a restrictive environment; a perception that smoking provides stress relief to their difficult lives, and the use of tobacco/smoking to cope with cravings experienced on release for illicit substances. A number of interviewees were unable to provide clear reflective reasons for relapse. For those who did manage to remain abstinent for a period of time, identified facilitators included an awareness of the health and financial benefits of smoking abstinence, the use of intrinsic motivation, distraction from nicotine cravings using alternative activities, and social support from family and peers. DISCUSSION Interventions promoting continued smoking abstinence among people exiting smoke-free prisons should focus on targeting the perceived individual- and environmental-level barriers to maintained smoking abstinence while simultaneously promoting perceived facilitators, so as to reduce smoking-related health and economic disparities in this marginalised population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheneal Puljević
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Ross Coomber
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Sociology, Social Policy and Criminology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; School of Justice, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dominique de Andrade
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia; Lives Lived Well Research Group, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stuart A Kinner
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne Australia; Mater Research Institute-UQ, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Moyle L, Childs A, Coomber R, Barratt MJ. #Drugsforsale: An exploration of the use of social media and encrypted messaging apps to supply and access drugs. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2019; 63:101-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Puljević C, Coomber R, Kinner SA, de Andrade D, Mitchell C, White A, Cresswell SL, Bowman J. 'Teabacco': Smoking of nicotine-infused tea as an unintended consequence of prison smoking bans. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37:912-921. [PMID: 30051520 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Following the introduction of smoke-free policies in prisons in several countries, there have been anecdotal reports of prisoners creating cigarettes by mixing nicotine patches or lozenges with tea leaves ('teabacco'). Among a sample of people recently released from smoke-free prisons in Queensland, Australia, the aims of this study were to explore the perceived popularity of teabacco use, motivations for its use and describe the process of creating teabacco to identify potential associated health risks. DESIGN AND METHODS This study used a mixed-methods design. Eighty-two people recently released from prison in Queensland, Australia completed surveys at parole offices measuring teabacco use while incarcerated. Twenty-one teabacco smokers took part in follow-up, qualitative interviews to explore survey responses in greater depth. RESULTS The majority of survey participants (57%) reported smoking teabacco while incarcerated, with 37% smoking teabacco frequently (> once per week). Teabacco use was primarily motivated by cigarette cravings. Participants described the perceived inevitability of prisoners finding substitutes for tobacco. Multivariate analyses found that self-rated poor physical health, having been incarcerated five or more times, experiencing cigarette cravings while incarcerated, and use of illicit drugs while incarcerated were positively associated with frequent teabacco use in prison. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that teabacco use has become common practice in Queensland's smoke-free prisons. Correctional smoking bans are an important public health initiative but should be complemented with demand and harm reduction measures cognisant of the risk environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheneal Puljević
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,The Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ross Coomber
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Sociology, Social Policy and Criminology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stuart A Kinner
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Mater Research Institute-UQ, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dominique de Andrade
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Courtney Mitchell
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alan White
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah L Cresswell
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jasper Bowman
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Schloemer T, Schröder-Bäck P. Criteria for evaluating transferability of health interventions: a systematic review and thematic synthesis. Implement Sci 2018. [PMID: 29941011 DOI: 10.1186/sl3012-018-0751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving the public's health in different countries requires the consideration of diverse health care systems and settings. For evidence-based public health, decision-makers need to consider the transferability of effective health interventions from a primary context to their specific target context. The aim of this systematic review was to develop a model for the assessment of transferability of health interventions through identification and systematization of influencing criteria, including facilitators and barriers. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in the databases PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Articles were eligible if they were published in English or German and provided a description of transferability criteria. Included articles were ranked based on their thematic relevance and methodological support of transferability criteria. Using a qualitative approach, a thematic synthesis was conducted. RESULTS Thirty-seven articles were included in the review. The thematic synthesis revealed 44 criteria, covered by 4 overarching themes, which influence transferability of health interventions: The population (P), the intervention (I), and the environment (E) represent 30 conditional transferability criteria, and the transfer of the intervention (T) represents 14 process criteria for transferring the intervention to the target context. Transferability (-T) depends on the dynamic interaction of conditional criteria in the primary and target context as well as on the process of transfer. The description of facilitators and barriers deepens the understanding of the criteria. The synthesis resulted in two related models: the conceptual PIET-T model explains the underlying mechanism of transferability of health interventions and the PIET-T process model provides practical guidance for a transferability assessment. CONCLUSIONS Transferability of health interventions is a complex concept, which needs systematic consideration of the primary and target context. It should be anticipated before and evaluated after an intervention is implemented in the target context. Therefore, decision-makers need systematic and practically relevant knowledge on transferability. The synthesized PIET-T conceptual and process models with systematized criteria, facilitators, and barriers are intended as a theoretical basis to determine transferability of health interventions. Further research is needed to develop a practical tool for the PIET-T models and to evaluate the tool's usefulness for decision-making processes and intervention transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Schloemer
- Department of International Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, CAPHRI-Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Schröder-Bäck
- Department of International Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, CAPHRI-Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Schloemer T, Schröder-Bäck P. Criteria for evaluating transferability of health interventions: a systematic review and thematic synthesis. Implement Sci 2018; 13:88. [PMID: 29941011 PMCID: PMC6019740 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-018-0751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving the public's health in different countries requires the consideration of diverse health care systems and settings. For evidence-based public health, decision-makers need to consider the transferability of effective health interventions from a primary context to their specific target context. The aim of this systematic review was to develop a model for the assessment of transferability of health interventions through identification and systematization of influencing criteria, including facilitators and barriers. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in the databases PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Articles were eligible if they were published in English or German and provided a description of transferability criteria. Included articles were ranked based on their thematic relevance and methodological support of transferability criteria. Using a qualitative approach, a thematic synthesis was conducted. RESULTS Thirty-seven articles were included in the review. The thematic synthesis revealed 44 criteria, covered by 4 overarching themes, which influence transferability of health interventions: The population (P), the intervention (I), and the environment (E) represent 30 conditional transferability criteria, and the transfer of the intervention (T) represents 14 process criteria for transferring the intervention to the target context. Transferability (-T) depends on the dynamic interaction of conditional criteria in the primary and target context as well as on the process of transfer. The description of facilitators and barriers deepens the understanding of the criteria. The synthesis resulted in two related models: the conceptual PIET-T model explains the underlying mechanism of transferability of health interventions and the PIET-T process model provides practical guidance for a transferability assessment. CONCLUSIONS Transferability of health interventions is a complex concept, which needs systematic consideration of the primary and target context. It should be anticipated before and evaluated after an intervention is implemented in the target context. Therefore, decision-makers need systematic and practically relevant knowledge on transferability. The synthesized PIET-T conceptual and process models with systematized criteria, facilitators, and barriers are intended as a theoretical basis to determine transferability of health interventions. Further research is needed to develop a practical tool for the PIET-T models and to evaluate the tool's usefulness for decision-making processes and intervention transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Schloemer
- Department of International Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, CAPHRI–Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Schröder-Bäck
- Department of International Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, CAPHRI–Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Despite increasing evidence of greatly differentiated illicit drug markets, common depictions and conceptualizations of “the” drug market remain subject to overhomogenization. As regards drug market-related violence, the conceptualization of drug supply milieu as generally violent has often (sometimes unintentionally) been apparently supported by case study research reporting from particularly violent supply milieu and/or on specific groups of suppliers. Little research has focused on the relative absence of violence in supply milieu. Although some prior research has pointed toward ways in which levels of drug market violence can differ, few examples have shown this empirically by reference to comparative case studies and none have attempted to relate this to differentiation as opposed to market emergence, maturity, and decline. This article reports on two case studies of established heroin/crack markets in two separate coastal cities in England that share many characteristics but differ meaningfully in regard to drug market violence. Meaningful historical and extant differences in supply-related violence is reported and reflected upon and it is concluded that drug-related violence, rather than conforming to conventional notions privileging structural or systemic similarity, is contingent on a mix of local supply cultures, supplier rationality, local supply structures as well as supplier characteristics and that each and any supply locale is likely, if studied closely, to differ in meaningful respects across time and practice to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Coomber
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Coomber R, Pavlidis A, Santos GH, Wilde M, Schmidt W, Redshaw C. The supply of steroids and other performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs) in one English city: Fakes, counterfeits, supplier trust, common beliefs and access. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Parkin S, Coomber R. Injecting drug user views (and experiences) of drug-related litter bins in public places: a comparative study of qualitative research findings obtained from UK settings. Health Place 2011; 17:1218-27. [PMID: 21865072 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a comparative study of qualitative research concerning drug-related litter in community settings (associated with illicit drug use/rs) and of the modes of intervention (noted by municipal authorities in two different UK settings) aimed at reducing harm associated with this contemporary public health issue. More specifically, the paper focuses upon the views and experiences of 51 injecting drug users regarding DRL-bin provision, service uptake and connected events in the relevant settings. Comparative analysis of these qualitative experiences appears to confirm Fitzpatrick and LaGory's concept of 'place matters' in any consideration of applied, low threshold, health intervention. Accordingly, street-based, drug-related intervention within public settings needs to be culturally, environmentally, spatially and geographically relevant to the intended target population in order to have any meaningful benefit (e.g. reduced opportunities for needlestick injury in community settings), impact (e.g. improved community safety) and related outcome (e.g. service uptake by injecting drug users).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Parkin
- Drug and Alcohol Research Unit, School of Social Science and Social Work, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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