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Esatbeyoglu F, Kin-İsler A, Peyré-Tartaruga LA. Examination of the Relationship Among Balance, Physical Activity, and Anthropometry in Athletes With Visual Impairments. JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0145482x211073584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Although it is well documented in the literature that individuals with visual impairments have low physical activity levels and impaired body compositions and postural controls compared with peers without vision loss, the relation between these parameters in athletes with visual impairments is unknown. Research Question Here, we (i) evaluated the physical activity levels, balance measures, and anthropometry parameters in athletes with visual impairments and peers without vision loss controls and (ii) compared these variables between the two groups. Methods We designed a retrospective observational study with parallel groups conducted on 33 athletes with visual impairments and 33 sighted controls matched for age and sex. We also utilized a questionnaire about physical activity levels and assessed static balance for 4 conditions (eyes-open firm surface, eyes-closed firm surface, eyes-open foam surface, and eyes-closed foam surface) and anthropometry. Results In athletes with visual impairments, body composition, body mass index (BMI), physical activity level, and static balance parameters revealed no significant relationship ( p > .05), whereas eyes-open and -closed firm and foam surface conditions were positively related with physical activity at a moderate level ( r = 0.39, r = 0.38, p < .05, respectively). Moderate-intensity and high-intensity physical activity was positively associated with fat-free mass ( r = 0.82, r = 0.68, p < .01, respectively) and negatively related with body mass, fat %, and fat mass ( r = −0.67, r = −0.52, r = −0.72, r = −0.66, r = −0.50, r = −0.50, p < .01, respectively). Athletes with visual impairments presented lower static balance than the sighted controls for three conditions, while eyes-closed foam surface scores were similar in both groups. The physical activity levels were higher for athletes with visual impairments ( p < .05). However, we found no difference in the body composition and BMI between two groups ( p > .05). Discussion Sports participation from individuals with visual impairments is related to higher physical activity levels, resulting in better anthropometric profile. The balance control was not related to physical activity levels in athletes with visual impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferhat Esatbeyoglu
- Department of Sport Sciences and Technology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Kin-İsler
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Leonardo A. Peyré-Tartaruga
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Factors Associated With Penalty Outcome on Male Elite Goalball. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2021; 38:506-518. [PMID: 33785661 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2020-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors' purpose was to examine the factors associated with penalty outcomes of male elite goalball. A total of 122 video-recorded matches from two Paralympic Games (i.e., 2012 and 2016) and the 2014 Goalball World Championship were assessed using notational analysis. Individual (n = 2), situational (n = 4), and performance variables (n = 7) were analyzed with good strength of agreement for intra- and interrater kappa index values. Their results showed that penalties play a very important role in the final score, composing around 25% of total goals in elite goalball matches. Winners were awarded on average with 62% of penalties and had 66% effectiveness compared with losers (31% and 53%) or drawers (8% and 52%). Based on the authors' findings, penalty takers should direct their throws at specific target sectors on the court, which could increase their rate of success to over 80%.
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Esatbeyoglu F, Kin-İsler A. Gender differences in postural balance, physical activity level, BMI, and body composition in athletes with visual impairment. BRITISH JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/02646196211009921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the gender differences in postural balance, physical activity (PA), and body mass index (BMI) and body composition in visually impaired (VI) athletes. A total of 66 athletes took part in this study. After anthropometric measurements, the PA level was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. The modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration and Balance tool was used to assess postural balance in four standing conditions: (1) eyes-open on a firm surface, (2) eyes-closed on a firm surface, (3) eyes-open on a compliant surface, and (4) eyes closed on a compliant surface. Findings revealed gender differences in anthropometric measurements ( p < .05). No statistically significant differences were found in fat mass and fat free mass between sighted male and VI male athletes and between sighted female and VI female athletes ( p > .05). Weekly, high and moderate PA levels as well as walking were found to be different across the four groups ( p < .05). Assessment of postural balance in four standing conditions revealed no gender differences in sighted athletes ( p > .05). Postural balance scores in conditions 1 and 3 showed significant gender differences ( p < .05), whereas conditions 2 and 4 showed no gender differences in athletes with VI ( p > .05). Gender-matched differences were also apparent in conditions 1 and 3, revealing that VI male and female athletes scored worse in these conditions than their sighted male and female counterparts ( p < .05). There is a delay in balance parameter in VI athletes even if their fitness levels are similar with their sighted counterparts. The present findings could also be useful for gender-specific training session preparations in VI sports.
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Hildenbrand H, Wickstrom J, Parks R, Zampieri C, Nguyen TT, Thurm A, Jenkins K, Alter KE, Matsubara J, Hammond D, Soldatos A, Porter FD, Dang Do AN. Characterizing upper limb function in the context of activities of daily living in CLN3 disease. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1399-1413. [PMID: 33559393 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In CLN3 disease, impairments in motor function are frequently reported to have later onset compared to visual and cognitive decline, but upper limb motor function has yet to be explored in this population. In a cohort of 22 individuals with CLN3, we used a novel application of multiple measures to (1) characterize motor function, particularly of the upper limbs, in activities of daily living (ADLs), and (2) explore associations between motor function and age as well as visual ability, disease severity, and cognitive function, as evaluated by the Unified Batten Disease Rating Scale (UBDRS), a validated CLN3 disease measure. ADLs that required coordination, speed, and fine motor control were particularly challenging for children with CLN3 based on item-level performance across direct assessments (Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test [JTHFT] and MyoSet Tools) and caregiver reports (Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Testing [PEDI-CAT] and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS] Pediatric Upper Extremity). Poorer visual ability, disease severity, and cognitive function were associated with worse performance on these measures, whereas age had limited impact. These findings support the need for children with CLN3 to receive skilled clinical evaluation and treatment tailored to their individual needs, particularly in the context of ADLs, as their symptom profile progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Hildenbrand
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jordan Wickstrom
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca Parks
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cris Zampieri
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thuy-Tien Nguyen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Audrey Thurm
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institutes of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kisha Jenkins
- Office of the Clinical Director, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katharine E Alter
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jesse Matsubara
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dylan Hammond
- Office of the Clinical Director, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ariane Soldatos
- Pediatric Neurology Consultation Service, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Office of the Clinical Director, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - An N Dang Do
- Office of the Clinical Director, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Kimyon B, Ince G. The Comparison of Physical Fitness, Anthropometric Characteristics, and Visual Acuity of Goalball Players with Their Right Shot Performance. JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0145482x20972501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: This study investigated the relationship between physical fitness, anthropometric characteristics, visual acuity of athletes with visual impairments, and their right shot performance. Method: The participants of the study involved 34 male athletes with different visual acuities who participated in the 2015 Visually Impaired Schools Goalball Championship in Alanya, Turkey. The means of the participants’ age, body weight, height, and sport age were 14.95 ± 1.28 years, 52.06 ± 8.89 kilograms, 163.58 ± 10.39 centimeters, 02.39 ± 1.50 years, respectively. The participants’ physical fitness, body fat percentage, handgrip (right–left), and spine flexibility were measured. Upper and lower extremity lengths were obtained through anthropometric measurements, and the athletes’ right shot performance was calculated. To analyze the data, the Shapiro–Wilk test was used, and one-way analysis of variance and independent sample t-test were performed, because the data showed a normal distribution ( p = .106). In addition, multivariate regression model analysis was utilized to investigate the relationship between all parameters and the athletes’ right shot performance. Results: A significant difference was found among the groups’ right shot performance ( p = .03), specifically on behalf of the athletes with low vision. When the participants’ anthropometric features, physical fitness values, and their right shot performance were examined, a positive relationship was observed between their dominant (right) handgrip strength and right shot performance (stepwise method; p = .03, R2 = 0.14). However, no significant difference emerged between their anthropometric characteristics and right shot performance. Discussion: It is considered that visual acuity and upper extremity muscle strength are of vital importance in goalball. Implications for practitioners: Whereas the International Blind Sports Federation applies rules according to visual acuity to offer equal conditions for some areas of sport, in goalball such a rule does not exist. It is important to make a change in the regulations for competition groupings according to visual acuities in goalball like in other sports for individuals with visual impairments. More frequent workout oriented to upper extremity muscle strength during right shot performance is suggested in the training sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Kimyon
- Adana Oğuz Kağan Köksal Visually Impaired School, Turkey
| | - Gonca Ince
- Sport-Health Sciences, Physical Education and Sports College, Cukurova University, Sarıçam, Adana, Turkey
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Qasim S, Zeidan WYA, Joudallah HA. Health-related physical fitness levels of youths with visual impairment in Jordan. BRITISH JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0264619620950771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As fitness is an important component of quality of life, it is necessary to determine fitness levels among various population groups to be able to plan programs for their future fitness improvement. Previous research shows that individuals with visual impairments have lower levels of health-related physical fitness than people without visual impairment. In Jordan, research mainly focuses on youths without visual impairment, whereas no previous studies have been conducted on children with visual impairment and their physical fitness levels. This study aimed to explore health-related physical fitness levels of children with visual impairment in Jordan. A total of 107 children (65 boys and 42 girls) with visual impairment aged 11–15 years and 114 children without visual impairment were included in this study. All children were asked to perform the following assessment items: a one mile run/walk test to measure cardiovascular endurance, a handgrip strength to measure the maximum isometric strength of the hand and forearm muscles, push-up and curl-up tests to measure upper body and abdominal muscular endurance, respectively, sit-and-reach test to measure flexibility, and two-site skinfold measures to determine body composition. Children with visual impairment appeared to have low health-related physical fitness. For instance, the overall mean of push-ups was 4.06, while cardiovascular endurance was excluded from data analysis as only a few students (7) completed the test. No significant differences were found in any of the tested variables among the various age groups. Furthermore, boys showed statistically significant measurements in strength, curl-up, and push-up tests than girls. Children with visual impairment had significantly better score in only push-up test than children who were blind. In addition, except boys with visual impairment aged 15 years, all children with visual impairment failed FitnessGram, whereas sighted children passed all tests.
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Petrigna L, Giustino V, Zangla D, Aurea S, Palma R, Palma A, Battaglia G. Physical fitness assessment in Goalball: A scoping review of the literature. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04407. [PMID: 32715121 PMCID: PMC7369608 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Goalball is a Paralympic sport for visually impaired athletes. Although it is widely practiced, a great variety of tests are adopted to evaluate athletes' physical fitness. Therefore, the objective was to identify the physical fitness tests adopted in this sport to find the common aspects between them and, eventually, to propose a standard operating procedure. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines were adopted. The studies were extracted from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. A selection process by title, abstract, and full-text, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, was performed. The results were discussed with narrative synthesis. RESULTS A total of 7 papers and 222 participants were included. A wide variety of tests were adopted and the Brockport Physical Fitness Test (BPFT) was the only battery included to evaluate general athletes' well-being. CONCLUSIONS Although few literature exists on Goalball, the BPFT could be the battery for evaluating Goalball athletes though the test battery should be standardized to the characteristics of this sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Petrigna
- PhD Program in Health Promotion and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valerio Giustino
- PhD Program in Health Promotion and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Zangla
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Samantha Aurea
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Romilda Palma
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Palma
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
- Regional Sport School of CONI Sicilia, Italian National Olympic Committee, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
- Regional Sport School of CONI Sicilia, Italian National Olympic Committee, Italy
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Faster balls increase the probability of scoring a goal in female and male elite goalball. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CIÊNCIAS DO ESPORTE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbce.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Link D, Weber C. Finding the gap: An empirical study of the most effective shots in elite goalball. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196679. [PMID: 29698479 PMCID: PMC5919681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This research identifies which shots types in goalball are most likely to lead to a goal and herby provides background information for improving training and competition. Therefore, we observed 117 elite level matches including 20,541 shots played in the regular situation (3 vs. 3) using notational analysis. We characterized the shots by using their target sector (A-E), technique (traditional, rotation), trajectory (flat, bounce), angle (straight, diagonal and outcome (goal, violation, out, blocked). In our data, a χ2-test showed a significantly higher goal rate for men (3.9%) compared to women (3.0%). For men, we found a significantly higher goal rate in the intersection sectors between players C (5.6%), D (4.9%), and in the outer sector A. In sector A, goal rate was higher only for straight shots (6.6%). Technique and trajectory did not affect goal rate for men, but flat shots showed a higher violation rate (3.2%) compared to bounce shouts (2.0%). In women's goalball, goal rate was higher only on sector D (4.4%). Bounce-rotation shots were the most successful (5.5%). We conclude that men should focus on shots to sectors C and D (called pocket) and straight shots to sector A, as long as there are no other tactical considerations. Women should shoot primarily towards the pocket. It might also be worth playing more bounce-rotation shots and practicing them in training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Link
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Informatics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Christoph Weber
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Informatics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Monezi LA, Magalhães TP, Morato MP, Mercadante LA, Furtado OLPDC, Misuta MS. Time-motion analysis of goalball players in attacks: differences of the player positions and the throwing techniques . Sports Biomech 2018; 18:470-481. [PMID: 29578380 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2018.1433871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to analyse goalball players time-motion variables (distance covered, time spent, maximum and average velocities) in official goalball match attacks, taking into account the attack phases (preparation and throwing), player position (centres and wings) and throwing techniques (frontal, spin and between the legs). A total of 365 attacks were assessed using a video based method (2D) through manual tracking using the Dvideo system. Inferential non-parametric statistics were applied for comparison of preparation vs. throwing phase, wings vs. centres and, among the throwing techniques, frontal, spin and between the legs. Significant differences were found between the attack preparation versus the throwing phase for all player time-motion variables: distance covered, time spent, maximum player velocity and average player velocity. Wing players performed most of the throws (85%) and covered longer distances than centres (1.65 vs 0.31 m). The between the legs and the spin throwing techniques presented greater values for most of the time-motion variables (distance covered, time spent and maximum player velocity) than did the frontal technique in both attack phases. These findings provide important information regarding players' movement patterns during goalball matches that can be used to plan more effective training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Antônio Monezi
- a Biomechanics and Instrumentation Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences , University of Campinas , Limeira , Brazil
| | - Thiago Pinguelli Magalhães
- a Biomechanics and Instrumentation Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences , University of Campinas , Limeira , Brazil
| | - Márcio Pereira Morato
- b School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Luciano Allegretti Mercadante
- a Biomechanics and Instrumentation Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences , University of Campinas , Limeira , Brazil
| | | | - Milton Shoiti Misuta
- a Biomechanics and Instrumentation Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences , University of Campinas , Limeira , Brazil
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