The Mayo Clinic Histiocytosis Working Group Consensus Statement for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Adult Patients With Histiocytic Neoplasms: Erdheim-Chester Disease, Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, and Rosai-Dorfman Disease

Histiocytic neoplasms, a rare and heterogeneous group of disorders, primarily include Erdheim-Chester disease, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and Rosai-Dorfman disease. Due to their diverse clinical manifestations, the greatest challenge posed by these neoplasms is the establishment of a diagnosis, which often leads to a delay in institution of appropriate therapy. Recent insights into their genomic architecture demonstrating mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway mutations have now enabled potential treatment with targeted therapies in most patients. This consensus statement represents a joint document from a multidisciplinary group of physicians at Mayo Clinic who specialize in the management of adult histiocytic neoplasms. It consists of evidence- and consensus-based recommendations on when to suspect these neoplasms and what tests to order for the diagnosis and initial evaluation. In addition, it also describes the histopathologic and individual organ manifestations of these neoplasms to help the clinicians in identifying their key features. With uniform guidelines that aid in identifying these neoplasms, we hope to improve the awareness that may lead to their timely and correct diagnosis.

Rosai-Dorfman Disease Involving Multiple Organs: An Unusual Case with Poor Prognosis

Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare, benign histiocytic proliferative disorder that usually affects the lymph nodes. Although extranodal involvement has been reported in diverse sites, manifestation in the cardiovascular system is extremely rare. Specifically, cardiac involvement in Rosai-Dorfman disease is an extraordinarily infrequent event. We describe a case of a 36-year-old female who presented Rosai-Dorfman disease of multiple organs including the heart, with poor prognosis.

Soft tissue Rosai-Dorfman disease in child: A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND

Rosai-Dorfman disease was commonly characterized as massive, painless, bilateral, symmetric cervical lymphadenopathy, with fever, leukocytosis, and elevated sedimentation rate. However, soft tissue Rosai-Dorfman disease (STRDD) is a rare benign tumor.

METHODS

We hereby present 1 case of a 17-month-old girl, an isolated subcutaneous mass was detected on her right forearm, and no signs of pain, swelling, or erythema were observed at the site.

RESULTS

The patient underwent an excisional biopsy for the mass. Immunohistochemistry results showed that it was positive for S-100 protein and CD68, whereas negative for CD1a, which supported the diagnosis of STRDD.

CONCLUSIONS

The patient showed no evidence of recurrence or metastasis 2 years after the surgery.Some multifocal masses were reported to be much more prone to recurrence. Further follow-up of STRDD is necessary.