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Kersten R, Greitemeyer T. Human aggression in everyday life: An empirical test of the general aggression model. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 63:1091-1111. [PMID: 38169135 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
With the general aggression model (GAM), Anderson and Bushman (2002) provided an integrative framework to explain the complex nature of aggression. Based on the GAM, we examined whether personological and situational factors (interactively) have an impact on the person's internal state (consisting of aggressive cognition, affect, and physiological arousal), which in turn is assumed to lead to aggressive behaviour. In a large-scale experience sampling study, 403 participants answered 7558 questionnaires over a period of 2 weeks. As hypothesized, participants were more likely to exhibit an aggressive internal state the higher they scored on antagonistic personality traits (trait aggression, narcissism, psychopathy, sadism, anger rumination) and the more interpersonal, intrapersonal, and environmental triggers they experienced. Aggressive behaviour was positively related to trait aggression, psychopathy, sadism, anger rumination, and all situational triggers. Furthermore, the impact of antagonistic personality traits and situational triggers on aggressive behaviour was considerably reduced when the aggressive internal state was taken into account. Contrary to predictions, the relationship between antagonistic personality traits and the aggressive internal state was most pronounced when situational triggers were low. Overall, however, the process by which personal and situational variables predict aggression in daily life can be well explained by the GAM.
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Robinson MD, Irvin RL, Durham MRP. Attuned to the Flux of Life: Relations Between Ability Emotional Intelligence and Emotional Reactivity. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2024; 5:115-128. [PMID: 39050036 PMCID: PMC11264644 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-024-00241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The field of ability-related emotional intelligence (ability EI) could benefit from new perspectives concerning dynamic operations. According to a recent perspective, variations in ability EI are likely to be linked to variations in skills related to evaluation. This perspective contends, perhaps counterintuitively, that higher levels of ability EI are likely to be linked to higher levels of emotional reactivity, defined in terms of stronger event-emotion relationships. Two studies (total N = 245) pursue such ideas in the context of multilevel models involving event valence and emotional experience. Variations in ability EI modulated event-emotion relationships in the context of laboratory inductions involving hypothetical events (Study 1), affective images varying in valence (Study 1), and with respect to naturally occurring variations in positive and negative daily events (Study 2), such that higher levels of ability EI were linked to stronger event-emotion relationships, regardless of whether events and emotions were positive or negative in valence. These results provide new evidence for recent theorizing concerning ability EI while speaking to functional versus dysfunctional perspectives on emotional reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Robinson
- Department of Psychology 2765, North Dakota State University, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050 USA
| | - Roberta L. Irvin
- Department of Psychology 2765, North Dakota State University, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050 USA
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Karam JM, Bitar Z, Malaeb D, Fekih-Romdhane F, Hallit S, Obeid S. Perceived social competencies as moderators: examining the relationship between psychological distress and aggression, hostility, and anger in Lebanese adults. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:212. [PMID: 38632648 PMCID: PMC11025173 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01694-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The majority of people experience anger at some point in their lives when confronted with unpleasant situations. In social settings, anger can lead to aggressive and hostile in the absence of adequate social competences. Our study aims to examine the moderating role of perceived social competences in the association between psychological distress and anger expression (trait anger, hostility, physical aggression, and verbal aggression) among a sample of Lebanese adults. METHODS 403 participants above 18 years (the mean age was 24.56 ± 8.46) were enrolled in the cross-sectional study with 73% female participants. The candidates were asked to complete a structured questionnaire including the following scales: (1) Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire-Short Form (BPAQ-SF), (2) the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-8), (3) Perceived Social Competencies (PSC), and (4) The De Jong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale. RESULTS The interaction psychological distress by perceived social competence was not significantly associated with physical aggression, verbal aggression, or hostility but was significantly associated with anger. After adjusting the results over variables that showed a p <.25 in the bivariate analysis, this association was significant at low (Beta = 0.24; p <.001), moderate (Beta = 0.20; p <.001) and high (Beta = 0.16; p <.001) levels of perceived social competencies, where higher psychological distress was significantly associated with more anger. On another note, with higher perceived social competence, we find a decrease in levels of psychological distress in our sample. CONCLUSION This study provided evidence that perceived social competencies such as communication skills, empathy and prosocial behaviors act as moderators in the association between psychological distress and anger. In future works, investigating and building advanced program in order to develop social competences of individuals might prove important. It is crucial to implement such strategies and projects in schools: this educational setting could be fruitful in a way that social skills could be instilled during childhood and anger-aggressive behaviors could be managed throughout adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeinab Bitar
- Rennes University, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi hospital, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, P.O. Box 446, Lebanon.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Sahar Obeid
- School of Arts and Sciences, Social and Education Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon.
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Ong JEL. WORKPLACE OSTRACISM AND BANKING EMPLOYEES’ COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIOR IN THE MALAYSIAN BANKING SECTOR. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES 2022. [DOI: 10.32890/ijms2022.29.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory, individuals should be able to satisfy their needs for belongingness in their personal and work life. Individuals recognize the value of interpersonal connection as a form of social presence. As a result, it is critical to look at negative attitude and behavior that may occur when employees are disregarded, ignored, or dismissed by the group around them. Hence, this study seeks to examine the impact of workplace ostracism on the counterproductive work behavior of banking employees. Quantitative approach was used in this study where a survey was conducted on selected private commercial banks. Data were collected from 93 bank employees using a Likert scale close-ended questionnaire which included the scale of organizational ostracism and counterproductive work behavior. Regression analysis results revealed the relationship between counterproductive work behavior and workplace ostracism. Implications and limitations of the study are also discussed.
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Persich MR, Robinson MD. Five Approaches to Understanding Interpersonal Competence: A Review and Integration. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/10892680221085507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Social connectedness has been linked to beneficial outcomes across domains, ages, and cultures. However, not everyone receives these benefits, as there are large individual differences in the capacities required to create and sustain functional interpersonal relationships. A great deal of research has been devoted to assessing and understanding these differences, often focusing on how competent interpersonal behavior renders it more likely that one will succeed interpersonally. The current paper examines five relevant approaches that have emerged from personality (global traits), social (social cognition), clinical (social skills interventions), developmental (social information processing), and industrial/organizational (situation judgment) areas of psychology. A comparison of these approaches highlights important considerations related to bandwidth and fidelity, whether the focus should be on overt behavior or underlying processes, and whether to emphasize tendencies or their effectiveness. The review concludes with calls for greater integration efforts, which can capitalize on strengths inherent to different approaches.
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Robinson MD, Irvin RL, Persich MR, Krishnakumar S. Bipolar or Independent? Relations Between Positive and Negative Affect Vary by Emotional Intelligence. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2020; 1:225-236. [PMID: 36042817 PMCID: PMC9383005 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-020-00018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Individuals who are intelligent concerning their emotions should experience them differently. In particular, being conversant with the valence dimension that is key to emotions should reasonably result in emotional experiences that are more bipolar with respect to this dimension. Pursuant of these ideas, three studies (total N = 335) assessed emotional intelligence in ability-related terms (ability EI). The same participants also reported on their recent experiences of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) at work (studies 1 and 2) and/or their day-to-day emotional experiences within a daily diary protocol (study 3). Within each of these studies, ability EI moderated the relationship between experiences of PA and NA, such that the PA-NA relationship was more bipolar at higher levels of EI. These findings are discussed with respect to their implications for debates about bipolarity as well as for their value in highlighting ways in which the ability EI dimension operates.
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Robinson MD, Penzel IB, Persich MR. What if your partner…? A situated decision-making approach to romantic competence in young adulthood. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2020.104012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Robinson MD, Persich MR, Krishnakumar S. What would you do? A new approach to health competence based on situational judgment. J Pers 2019; 88:676-688. [PMID: 31584706 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An advantage of the trait approach to health is that it implicates common elements to multiple different health behaviors. An advantage of the social-cognitive approach, in contrast, is that it models the situational factors that are likely to elicit particular behavioral reactions. The present research sought to combine the advantages of these two approaches. METHOD A situational judgment method was developed to quantify general variations in health competence (HC) in terms of more specific responses to simulated health-challenging events. RESULTS After developing the method, Study 1 showed that individual differences in HC were systematically related to approach-related coping tendencies and behaviors known to be health promoting. Study 2 then showed that variations in HC predicted both health behaviors and quality of life among older individuals. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight a new form of HC that is not dependent on self-reports of ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Robinson
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Michelle R Persich
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
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Robinson MD, Persich MR, Stawicki C, Krishnakumar S. Deviant Workplace Behavior as Emotional Action: Discriminant and Interactive Roles for Work-Related Emotional Intelligence. HUMAN PERFORMANCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08959285.2019.1664548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Barlett C, Witkower Z, Mancini C, Saleem M. Breaking the link between provocation and aggression: The role of mitigating information. Aggress Behav 2016; 42:555-562. [PMID: 26968972 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In two experimental studies, we examine the extent to which strong or weak mitigating information after a provocation alters aggressive responding. In Study 1, we randomly assigned 215 (108 female) college-aged participants to a strong or weak provocation by having a research assistant talk to the participant about failing a task in a harsh or confused tone. This was followed by a second research assistant giving a strong or weak excuse to the participant regarding the first research assistant's behavior. Then, aggressive behavior was assessed using a researcher rating task. In Study 2, 63 (25 female) college-aged participants interacted with a confederate on the CRT. All participants were strongly provoked by receiving strong noise blasts. After five CRT trials, the confederate delivered weak or strong mitigating information to the participant regarding the noises blasts. The results indicated that: (i) strong provocations are more likely to increase aggression than weak provocations; (ii) strong mitigating information is more likely to decrease aggression than weak mitigating information; and (iii) the varying strength of mitigating information is important in situations involving weak, but not strong provocations: strong mitigating information is more likely than weak mitigating information reduce aggression when provocation is strong, but not when provocation is weak. We discuss the importance of mitigating information in decreasing aggressive behavior and the conditions in which mitigating information is especially likely to be effective. Aggr. Behav. 42:555-562, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary Witkower
- Department of Psychology; University of British Columbia; British Columbia Canada
| | - Colin Mancini
- Department of Psychology; Gettysburg College; Gettysburg Pennsylvania
| | - Muniba Saleem
- Department of Communication Studies; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan
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Krishnakumar S, Hopkins K, Robinson MD. When feeling poorly at work does not mean acting poorly at work: The moderating role of work-related emotional intelligence. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-016-9588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Review of Brief School-Based Positive Psychological Interventions: a Taster for Teachers and Educators. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10648-016-9357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Contemplative Education: A Systematic, Evidence-Based Review of the effect of Meditation Interventions in Schools. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10648-014-9258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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