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Urqueta Alfaro A, Walker L, Lee C, Lei D. Tactile perception by mouth: Perceiving properties of objects when vision is impaired. BRITISH JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0264619620935938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The lips and tongue demonstrate similar or greater spatial acuity than the fingertips. Indeed, infants use the mouth to perceive properties of objects such as hardness, texture, and shape. In normal development, it is assumed that mouthing decreases in favour of increasingly advanced hand exploration patterns. However, anecdotal reports suggest that mouthing continues to serve a perceptual function when a person’s vision is abnormal. This study explored blind or visually impaired (BVI) adults’ self-reported use of mouthing to perceive properties of objects. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 BVI adults with visual acuities ranging from no light perception to 20/40. Data were analysed using content analysis to identify specific properties perceived by the mouth. Despite social norms that discourage mouthing, some BVI adults use oral tactile perception of texture, shape, temperature, and taste to better characterize objects. These findings suggest that compensatory behaviours using the mouth can support the rehabilitation of individuals with abnormal vision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chris Lee
- Centers of Excellence for Labor Market Research, USA
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Kainthola S, Singh T. A Test of Tactile Concentration and Short-term Memory. JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0145482x9208600507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the initial findings of a two-part test of tactile concentration and short-term memory involving the reproduction of the order of finger stimulation—a forward series and a backward series. A newly devised instrument, the Finger Knocking Box, was used for the mechanical stimulation of fingers and the recording of responses by 65 totally blind or partially sighted subjects of average intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.D. Kainthola
- Department of Psychology, D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Dehra Dun, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - T.B. Singh
- Department of Psychology, National Institute for the Visually Handicapped, 116, Rajpur Road, Dehra Dun, Uttar Pradesh, India-248 001
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Lagarde MLJ, van Alfen N, de Groot SAF, Geurts ACH, van den Engel-Hoek L. Adaptive capacity of 2- to 5-month-old infants to the flow, shape, and flexibility of different teats during bottle feeding: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:477. [PMID: 31805974 PMCID: PMC6894202 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nutritive sucking is a complex activity, the biomechanical components of which may vary in relation to respiratory phase, swallow-rate per minute, suck-swallow ratio, and swallow non-inspiratory flow (SNIF). Quantitative measurement of these components during nutritive sucking in healthy infants could help us to understand the complex development of sucking, swallowing, and breathing. This is important because the coordination between these components is often disturbed in infants with feeding difficulties. The aims of this study were to describe the biomechanical components of sucking and swallowing in healthy 2- to 5-month-old infants during bottle feeding, to assess whether infants adapt to the characteristics of two different teats, and to determine which independent variables influence the occurrence of SNIF. Methods Submental muscle activity, nasal airflow, and cervical auscultation were evaluated during bottle-feeding with two different teats. Results Sixteen term-born infants (6 boys) aged 2–5 months were included. All infants showed variable inhalation and exhalation after swallowing. The swallow rate per minute was significantly higher when infants fed with a higher flow teat (Philips Avent Natural 2.0™). Infants had suck:swallow ratios ranging from 1:1 to 4:1. A suck:swallow ratio of 1:1 occurred significantly more often when infants fed with a higher flow teat, whereas a suck:swallow ratio of 2:1 occurred significantly more often when infants fed with a low-flow teat (Philips Avent Classic+™). A suck:swallow ratio of 1:1 was negatively correlated with SNIF, whereas a suck:swallow ratio of 2:1 was positively correlated with SNIF. Conclusion Healthy infants aged 2–5 months can adapt to the flow, shape, and flexibility of different teats, showing a wide range of biomechanical and motor adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L J Lagarde
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - N van Alfen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - S A F de Groot
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A C H Geurts
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - L van den Engel-Hoek
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Gliga T. Telling Apart Motor Noise and Exploratory Behavior, in Early Development. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1939. [PMID: 30369897 PMCID: PMC6194153 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infants' minutes long babbling bouts or repetitive reaching for or mouthing of whatever they can get their hands on gives very much the impression of active exploration, a building block for early learning. But how can we tell apart active exploration from the activity of an immature motor system, attempting but failing to achieve goal directed behavior? I will focus here on evidence that infants increase motor activity and variability when faced with opportunities to gather new information (about their own bodies or the world) and propose this as a guiding principle for separating variability generated for exploration from noise. I will discuss mechanisms generating movement variability, and suggests that, in the various forms it takes, from deliberate hypothesis testing to increasing environmental variability, it could be exploited for learning. However, understanding how variability in motor acts contributes to early learning will require more in-depth investigations of both the nature of and the contextual modulation of this variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Gliga
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Ferronato PAM, Domellöf E, Rönnqvist L. Early influence of auditory stimuli on upper-limb movements in young human infants: an overview. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1043. [PMID: 25278927 PMCID: PMC4166959 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that the auditory system is rather well developed at the end of the third trimester of pregnancy, it is likely that couplings between acoustics and motor activity can be integrated as early as at the beginning of postnatal life. The aim of the present mini-review was to summarize and discuss studies on early auditory-motor integration, focusing particularly on upper-limb movements (one of the most crucial means to interact with the environment) in association with auditory stimuli, to develop further understanding of their significance with regard to early infant development. Many studies have investigated the relationship between various infant behaviors (e.g., sucking, visual fixation, head turning) and auditory stimuli, and established that human infants can be observed displaying couplings between action and environmental sensory stimulation already from just after birth, clearly indicating a propensity for intentional behavior. Surprisingly few studies, however, have investigated the associations between upper-limb movements and different auditory stimuli in newborns and young infants, infants born at risk for developmental disorders/delays in particular. Findings from studies of early auditory-motor interaction support that the developing integration of sensory and motor systems is a fundamental part of the process guiding the development of goal-directed action in infancy, of great importance for continued motor, perceptual, and cognitive development. At-risk infants (e.g., those born preterm) may display increasing central auditory processing disorders, negatively affecting early sensory-motor integration, and resulting in long-term consequences on gesturing, language development, and social communication. Consequently, there is a need for more studies on such implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla A. M. Ferronato
- Department of Pedagogy of Human Movement, São Paulo University, São PauloBrazil
- Physical Education Course, Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University, São PauloBrazil
| | - Erik Domellöf
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, UmeåSweden
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Azevedo PWD, Joffily SB. Arranjos cognitivos: abrangências e limitações representacionais. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-37722009000400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Este artigo avalia as características quantitativas (dimensões dos campos sensoriais) e qualitativas (padrões configuracionais, qualias e tempo/espaciais) das modalidades sensoriais faltantes e remanescentes e como elas afetam o arranjo cognitivo e a fluência representacional de indivíduos sensorialmente privados (cegos e surdos). Sugere-se que a utilização precoce e maciça do caráter predominantemente configuracional da modalidade sensorial visual, principal modalidade remanescente nos surdos congênitos, iniba a produção representacional nesses indivíduos, enquanto que o uso intensivo e precoce do caráter predominantemente insinuador da modalidade sensorial auditiva, principal modalidade nos cegos congênitos, incentive a produção representacional nesses últimos.
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Pfister R, Launoy V, Vassant C, Martinet M, Picard C, Bianchi J, Berner M, Bullinger A. Transition de l'alimentation passive à l'alimentation active chez le bébé prématuré. ENFANCE 2009. [DOI: 10.3917/enf.604.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Fitzpatrick P, Needham A, Natale L, Metta G. Shared challenges in object perception for robots and infants. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
Intentionality is defined as the cognitive ability to represent goals beyond the here and now of perception. First signs of intentionality appear by the second month after birth. A major mechanism responsible for such development might be the unique reciprocal and intentional ways humans communicate with each other, particularly their young progenies. I argue that starting in the second month, reciprocal exchanges, affective mirroring, and mutual imitations with others provide infants with the unique opportunity to differentiate as well as to compare and conjugate first (self) and third (others') person perspectives. This ability is a prerequisite not only for referential communication but also of intentionality. It corresponds to the emergence of a new contemplative and "meta" stance toward the world. An argument is made that the developmental origins of this stance are primarily social, not to be found in the individual infant interacting solely with physical objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Rochat
- Emory University, Department of Psychology, 532 North Kilgo Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Molina M, Guimpel B, Jouen F. WEIGHT PERCEPTION IN NEONATE INFANTS. J Integr Neurosci 2006; 5:505-17. [PMID: 17245819 DOI: 10.1142/s0219635206001306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Revised: 11/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent research revealed the capacity of the newborn to haptically detect, the weight of an object [12]. In this research, we tried to determine the means by which newborn infants, not having yet exploratory procedures, are able to treat this object property. We support the assumption that tactile perceptive capacities of the newborn infants derive from a fundamental property of the sensorimotor system: its primary variability. After a period of habituation with a heavy or light object, an object of new weight is presented (period test). Three parameters of the sensorimotor activity were analyzed during these two periods: holding times, amplitude of the pressure exerted on the object and frequency of the pressure. Analyses of these parameters demonstrate the neonate's capacity to discriminate objects weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Molina
- Laboratoire Psychologie des Actions Langagières et Motrices, Université de Caen, F-14000, Caen, France.
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Influence of auditory tempo on the endogenous rhythm of non-nutritive sucking. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-REVUE EUROPEENNE DE PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2005.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jones SS. Exploration or imitation? The effect of music on 4-week-old infants' tongue protrusions. Infant Behav Dev 2005; 29:126-30. [PMID: 17138267 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2005.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2004] [Revised: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 08/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In a newborn imitation paradigm, an auditory stimulus--music--replaced the standard adult behavioral model. Alternating intervals of music and silence affected 4-week-old infants' rates of tongue protruding--evidence that tongue protruding is a general response to interesting distal stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan S Jones
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA.
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Jouen F, Molina M. Exploration of the newborn's manual activity: A window onto early cognitive processes. Infant Behav Dev 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2005.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Schore AN. Effects of a secure attachment relationship on right brain development, affect regulation, and infant mental health. Infant Ment Health J 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0355(200101/04)22:1%3c7::aid-imhj2%3e3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Schore AN. Effects of a secure attachment relationship on right brain development, affect regulation, and infant mental health. Infant Ment Health J 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0355(200101/04)22:1<7::aid-imhj2>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 645] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Needham A. Improvements in Object Exploration Skills May Facilitate the Development of Object Segregation in Early Infancy. JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT 2000. [DOI: 10.1207/s15327647jcd010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Tudella E, Oishi J, Puglia Bergamasco NH. The effect of oral-gustatory, tactile-bucal, and tactile-manual stimulation on the behavior of the hands in newborns. Dev Psychobiol 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1098-2302(200009)37:2<82::aid-dev3>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Molina M, Jouen F. Modulation of the palmar grasp behavior in neonates according to texture property. Infant Behav Dev 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0163-6383(98)90036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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The development of hand-mouth coordination in 2- to 5-month-old infants: Similarities with reaching and grasping. Infant Behav Dev 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0163-6383(97)90061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Early Objectification of the Self. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4115(05)80006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Baldwin DA, Markman EM, Melartin RL. Infants' Ability to Draw Inferences about Nonobvious Object Properties: Evidence from Exploratory Play. Child Dev 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Meltzoff AN. Towards a developmental cognitive science. The implications of cross-modal matching and imitation for the development of representation and memory in infancy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990; 608:1-31; discussion 31-7. [PMID: 2075949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb48889.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This chapter began with a query about whether there was any content to an enterprise called "developmental cognitive science," and if so, whether the findings could inform work in adult cognition and neuropsychology. Both questions can now be answered in the affirmative. Evidence has been marshaled from infant studies concerning five topics of enduring interest in the cognitive and neuro-sciences: cross-modal integration, imitation, the coordination of perception and action, memory, and representation. The data show that young human infants can detect equivalences between information picked up by different sensory modalities. This was demonstrated both in tactual-visual perception of objects and auditory-visual perception of speech. Results also show that perception and production are intertwined literally from the earliest phases of infancy, with 4-month-olds demonstrating vocal imitation and newborns reproducing elementary gestures they saw an adult perform. There seems to be a transparency between the perceptual and motor systems, and it is conceivable that they may draw on the same internal code. Infants' proclivity to imitate was used to investigate early memory. It was found that young infants were not constrained to immediate mimicry, but could imitate after significant delays. The findings support the inference that infants, perhaps as early as birth, have a functioning memory system that cannot be reduced to "habit formation" or an exclusively "procedural memory." It was proposed instead that there is a kernel of some higher level memory system right from the earliest phases of human infancy. This does not imply that there is no development in the representational world of infants. Data were reviewed suggesting that there is a watershed transformation in childhood cognition at about 18 months of age. However, this is not a change from a stage in which there was a purely sensorimotor or habit-based system. Rather the development was characterized as a shift from using empirical or experience-based representations to using hypothetical representations, which concern possible realities. This developmental shift allows children to project into the future "what must be" and deduce from the past "what must have been," in advance of, and sometimes in the absence of, strictly perceptual evidence. This capacity provides the underpinnings for the conduct of science itself. Its origins are to be found in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Meltzoff
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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Mouthing and grasping in neonates: Evidence for the early detection of what hard or soft substances afford for action. Infant Behav Dev 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0163-6383(87)90041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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