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Tokarz DA, Gruebbel MM, Willson GA, Hardisty JF, Pearse G, Cesta MF. Spontaneous Primary Pleural Mesothelioma in Fischer 344 (F344) and Other Rat Strains: A Retrospective Review. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 50:167-175. [PMID: 34727809 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211053631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous primary pleural mesotheliomas in Fischer 344 (F344) or other rat strains have rarely been reported. The objectives of this retrospective study were to develop historical incidence data and better characterize the light-microscopic morphology of these naturally occurring neoplasms in a large cohort of rats of several strains. A retrospective review was performed of National Toxicology Program (NTP) studies in rats conducted between 1980 and 2019 and comprising a total of 104,029 rats (51,326 males, 52,703 females), predominantly (90%) of the F344 strain. Of the 94,062 F344 rats surveyed, there were 30 cases of primary pleural mesotheliomas (22 males, 8 females). Of the 2998 Wistar Han rats surveyed, primary pleural mesotheliomas were present in 2 male rats. No primary pleural mesotheliomas were noted in male and female rats of other strains (6669 Sprague Dawley; 300 Osborne-Mendel). All primary pleural mesotheliomas in control and treated F344 and Wistar Han rats were considered spontaneous and unrelated to treatment. Based on light-microscopic evaluation of paraffin-embedded hematoxylin and eosin stained sections, only epithelioid and biphasic histologic subtypes were observed: 18 and 12 in F344 rats, respectively, and one each in Wistar Han rats. No sarcomatoid subtype cases were noted in any strain of rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra A Tokarz
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Jerry F Hardisty
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Gail Pearse
- Non-Clinical Safety, In Vitro In Vivo Translation, GSK, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mark F Cesta
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Clarke JD, Dzierlenga A, Arman T, Toth E, Li H, Lynch KD, Tian DD, Goedken M, Paine MF, Cherrington N. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease alters microcystin-LR toxicokinetics and acute toxicity. Toxicon 2019; 162:1-8. [PMID: 30849452 PMCID: PMC6447445 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MCLR) is a cyanotoxin produced by blue-green algae that causes liver and kidney toxicities. MCLR toxicity is dependent on cellular uptake through the organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) transporters. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progresses through multiple stages, alters expression of hepatic OATPs, and is associated with chronic kidney disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether NAFLD increases systemic exposure to MCLR and influences acute liver and kidney toxicities. Rats were fed a control diet or two dietary models of NAFLD; methionine and choline deficient (MCD) or high fat/high cholesterol (HFHC). Two studies were performed in these groups: 1) a single dose intravenous toxicokinetic study (20 μg/kg), and 2) a single dose intraperitoneal toxicity study (60 μg/kg). Compared to control rats, plasma MCLR area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) in MCD rats doubled, whereas biliary clearance (Clbil) was unchanged; in contrast, plasma AUC in HFHC rats was unchanged, whereas Clbil approximately doubled. Less MCLR bound to PP2A was observed in the liver of MCD rats. This shift in exposure decreased the severity of liver pathology only in the MCD rats after a single toxic dose of MCLR (60 μg/kg). In contrast, the single toxic dose of MCLR increased hepatic inflammation, plasma cholesterol, proteinuria, and urinary KIM1 in HFHC rats more than MCLR exposed control rats. In conclusion, rodent models of NAFLD alter MCLR toxicokinetics and acute toxicity and may have implications for liver and kidney pathologies in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Clarke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA.
| | - Anika Dzierlenga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Tarana Arman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Erica Toth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Katherine D Lynch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Dan-Dan Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Mary F Paine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Nathan Cherrington
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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Aeffner F, Zarella MD, Buchbinder N, Bui MM, Goodman MR, Hartman DJ, Lujan GM, Molani MA, Parwani AV, Lillard K, Turner OC, Vemuri VNP, Yuil-Valdes AG, Bowman D. Introduction to Digital Image Analysis in Whole-slide Imaging: A White Paper from the Digital Pathology Association. J Pathol Inform 2019; 10:9. [PMID: 30984469 PMCID: PMC6437786 DOI: 10.4103/jpi.jpi_82_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of whole-slide imaging in digital pathology has brought about the advancement of computer-aided examination of tissue via digital image analysis. Digitized slides can now be easily annotated and analyzed via a variety of algorithms. This study reviews the fundamentals of tissue image analysis and aims to provide pathologists with basic information regarding the features, applications, and general workflow of these new tools. The review gives an overview of the basic categories of software solutions available, potential analysis strategies, technical considerations, and general algorithm readouts. Advantages and limitations of tissue image analysis are discussed, and emerging concepts, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, are introduced. Finally, examples of how digital image analysis tools are currently being used in diagnostic laboratories, translational research, and drug development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Famke Aeffner
- Amgen Inc., Amgen Research, Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark D Zarella
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Drexel University, College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Marilyn M Bui
- Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mariam A Molani
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Anil V Parwani
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Oliver C Turner
- Novartis, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Preclinical Safety, East Hannover, NJ, USA
| | | | - Ana G Yuil-Valdes
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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