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Liang K, Ding C, Li J, Yao X, Yu J, Wu H, Chen L, Zhang M. A Review of Advanced Abdominal Wall Hernia Patch Materials. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303506. [PMID: 38055999 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Tension-free abdominal wall hernia patch materials (AWHPMs) play an important role in the repair of abdominal wall defects (AWDs), which have a recurrence rate of <1%. Nevertheless, there are still significant challenges in the development of tailored, biomimetic, and extracellular matrix (ECM)-like AWHPMs that satisfy the clinical demands of abdominal wall repair (AWR) while effectively handling post-operative complications associated with abdominal hernias, such as intra-abdominal visceral adhesion and abnormal healing. This extensive review presents a comprehensive guide to the high-end fabrication and the precise selection of these advanced AWHPMs. The review begins by briefly introducing the structures, sources, and properties of AWHPMs, and critically evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of different types of AWHPMs for AWR applications. The review subsequently summarizes and elaborates upon state-of-the-art AWHPM fabrication methods and their key characteristics (e.g., mechanical, physicochemical, and biological properties in vitro/vivo). This review uses compelling examples to demonstrate that advanced AWHPMs with multiple functionalities (e.g., anti-deformation, anti-inflammation, anti-adhesion, pro-healing properties, etc.) can meet the fundamental clinical demands required to successfully repair AWDs. In particular, there have been several developments in the enhancement of biomimetic AWHPMs with multiple properties, and additional breakthroughs are expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Liang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Cuicui Ding
- College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350118, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yao
- College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350118, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350118, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Lihui Chen
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- National Forestry & Grassland Administration Key Laboratory for Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, P. R. China
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Nair RS, Sobhan PK, Shenoy SJ, Prabhu MA, Kumar V, Ramachandran S, Anilkumar TV. Mitigation of Fibrosis after Myocardial Infarction in Rats by Using a Porcine Cholecyst Extracellular Matrix. Comp Med 2023; 73:312-323. [PMID: 37527924 PMCID: PMC10702285 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-22-000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis that occurs after nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) is an irreversible reparative cardiac tissue remodeling process characterized by progressive deposition of highly cross-linked type I collagen. No currently available therapeutic strategy prevents or reverses MI-associated fibrotic scarring of myocardium. In this study, we used an epicardial graft prepared of porcine cholecystic extracellular matrix to treat experimental nonfatal MI in rats. Graft-assisted healing was characterized by reduced fibrosis, with scanty deposition of type I collagen. Histologically, the tissue response was associated with a favorable regenerative reaction predominated by CD4-positive helper T lymphocytes, enhanced angiogenesis, and infiltration of proliferating cells. These observations indicate that porcine cholecystic extracellular matrix delayed the fibrotic reaction and support its use as a potential biomaterial for mitigating fibrosis after MI. Delaying the progression of cardiac tissue remodeling may widen the therapeutic window for management of scarring after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma S Nair
- Division of Experimental Pathology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal and Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Sachin J Shenoy
- Division of In Vivo Models and Testing, Department of Applied Biology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Mukund A Prabhu
- Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India; Department of Cardiology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India Current affiliations; Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Surya Ramachandran
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India Current affiliations
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Nair RS, Sobhan PK, Shenoy SJ, Prabhu MA, Rema AM, Ramachandran S, C Geetha S, V Pratheesh K, Mony MP, Raj R, Anilkumar TV. A porcine cholecystic extracellular matrix conductive scaffold for cardiac tissue repair. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:2039-2049. [PMID: 35305082 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering using cells, scaffolds or signaling molecules is a promising approach for replacement or repair of damaged myocardium. This study addressed the contemporary need for a conductive biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering by examining the use of a gold nanoparticle-incorporated porcine cholecystic extracellular matrix for the same. The scaffold had an electrical conductivity (0.74 ± 0.03 S/m) within the range of native myocardium. It was a suitable substrate for the growth and differentiation of cardiomyoblast (H9c2) as well as rat mesenchymal stem cells to cardiomyocyte-like cells. Moreover, as an epicardial patch, the scaffold promoted neovascularisation and cell proliferation in infarcted myocardium of rats. It was concluded that the gold nanoparticle coated cholecystic extracellular matrix is a prospective biomaterial for cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma S Nair
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Praveen K Sobhan
- Division of Tissue Culture, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sachin J Shenoy
- Division of In Vivo Models and Testing, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Mukund A Prabhu
- Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Aswathy M Rema
- Division of Tissue Culture, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Surya Ramachandran
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Surendran C Geetha
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Kanakarajan V Pratheesh
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Manjula P Mony
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Reshmi Raj
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Thapasimuthu V Anilkumar
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.,School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Awada H, Sene S, Laurencin D, Lemaire L, Franconi F, Bernex F, Bethry A, Garric X, Guari Y, Nottelet B. Long-term in vivo performances of polylactide/iron oxide nanoparticles core-shell fibrous nanocomposites as MRI-visible magneto-scaffolds. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6203-6213. [PMID: 34350906 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00186h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in magnetic nanocomposites in biomaterials science. In particular, nanocomposites that combine poly(lactide) (PLA) nanofibers and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), which can be obtained by either electrospinning of a SPION suspension in PLA or by precipitating SPIONs at the surface of PLA, are well documented in the literature. However, these two classical processes yield nanocomposites with altered materials properties, and their long-term in vivo fate and performances have in most cases only been evaluated over short periods of time. Recently, we reported a new strategy to prepare well-defined PLA@SPION nanofibers with a quasi-monolayer of SPIONs anchored at the surface of PLA electrospun fibers. Herein, we report on a 6-month in vivo rat implantation study with the aim of evaluating the long-term magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) properties of this new class of magnetic nanocomposites, as well as their tissue integration and degradation. Using clinically relevant T2-weighted MRI conditions, we show that the PLA@SPION nanocomposites are clearly visible up to 6 months. We also evaluate here by histological analyses the slow degradation of the PLA@SPIONs, as well as their biocompatibility. Overall, these results make these nanocomposites attractive for the development of magnetic biomaterials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Awada
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France. .,ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Saad Sene
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Laurent Lemaire
- Micro & Nanomédecines Translationnelles-MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM U1066, CNRS UMR 6021, Angers, France.,PRISM Plate-forme de recherche en imagerie et spectroscopie multi-modales, PRISM-Icat, Angers, France
| | - Florence Franconi
- Micro & Nanomédecines Translationnelles-MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM U1066, CNRS UMR 6021, Angers, France.,PRISM Plate-forme de recherche en imagerie et spectroscopie multi-modales, PRISM-Icat, Angers, France
| | - Florence Bernex
- RHEM, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,IRCM, U1194 INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Bethry
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Xavier Garric
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Yannick Guari
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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Mony MP, Shenoy SJ, Raj R, Geetha CS, Pratheesh KV, Nair RS, Purnima C, Anilkumar TV. Gelatin-Modified Cholecyst-Derived Scaffold Promotes Angiogenesis and Faster Healing of Diabetic Wounds. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3320-3331. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thapasimuthu V. Anilkumar
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala, Vithura 695551, India
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Raj R, Shenoy SJ, Mony MP, Pratheesh KV, Nair RS, Geetha CS, Sobhan PK, Purnima C, Anilkumar TV. Surface Modification of Polypropylene Mesh with a Porcine Cholecystic Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel for Mitigating Host Tissue Reaction. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3304-3319. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Raj
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Sachin J. Shenoy
- Division of In Vivo Models and Testing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Manjula P. Mony
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Kanakarajan V. Pratheesh
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Reshma S. Nair
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Chandrika S. Geetha
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Praveen K. Sobhan
- Division of Tissue Culture, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Chandramohanan Purnima
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Thapasimuthu V. Anilkumar
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research—Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala, Vithura 695551, India
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Langridge B, Griffin M, Butler PE. Regenerative medicine for skeletal muscle loss: a review of current tissue engineering approaches. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:15. [PMID: 33475855 PMCID: PMC7819922 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is capable of regeneration following minor damage, more significant volumetric muscle loss (VML) however results in permanent functional impairment. Current multimodal treatment methodologies yield variable functional recovery, with reconstructive surgical approaches restricted by limited donor tissue and significant donor morbidity. Tissue-engineered skeletal muscle constructs promise the potential to revolutionise the treatment of VML through the regeneration of functional skeletal muscle. Herein, we review the current status of tissue engineering approaches to VML; firstly the design of biocompatible tissue scaffolds, including recent developments with electroconductive materials. Secondly, we review the progenitor cell populations used to seed scaffolds and their relative merits. Thirdly we review in vitro methods of scaffold functional maturation including the use of three-dimensional bioprinting and bioreactors. Finally, we discuss the technical, regulatory and ethical barriers to clinical translation of this technology. Despite significant advances in areas, such as electroactive scaffolds and three-dimensional bioprinting, along with several promising in vivo studies, there remain multiple technical hurdles before translation into clinically impactful therapies can be achieved. Novel strategies for graft vascularisation, and in vitro functional maturation will be of particular importance in order to develop tissue-engineered constructs capable of significant clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Langridge
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
- Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Michelle Griffin
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
- Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter E Butler
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
- Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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Buell JF, Helm J, Mckillop IH, Iglesias B, Pashos N, Hooper P. Decellularized biologic muscle-fascia abdominal wall scaffold graft. Surgery 2021; 169:595-602. [PMID: 33454133 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex abdominal wall reconstruction using biologic mesh can lead to increased recurrence rates, nonincorporation, and high perioperative costs. We developed a novel decellularization method and applied it to porcine muscle fascia to mirror target-tissue architecture. The aims of this study were to analyze mechanical strength and tissue-graft incorporation. METHODS After serial decellularization, muscle-fascia mesh was created and tested for mechanical strength and DNA content. The muscle-fascia mesh was implanted subcutaneously in rats (n = 4/group) and the cohorts killed 1 to 4 weeks later. Explants were examined histologically or immunohistochemically. RESULTS Mechanical testing demonstrated equivalent strength compared with a commercially available biological mesh (AlloDerm), with mechanical strength attributable to the fascia component. Grafts were successfully implanted with no observable adverse events. Gross necroscopy revealed excellent subdermal scaffold engraftment. Microscopic evaluation identified progressive collagen deposition within the graft, neoangiogenesis, and presence of CD34 positive cells, in the absence of discernable graft rejection. CONCLUSION This study confirms a decellularization process can successfully create a DNA-free composite abdominal wall (muscle-fascia) scaffold that can be implanted intraspecies without rejection. Expanding this approach may allow exploitation of the angiogenic capacities of decellularized muscle, concomitant with the inherent strength of decellularized fascia, to perform preclinical analyses of graft strength in animal models in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Buell
- Department of Surgery, Mission Health, HCA North Carolina, MAHEC, University of North Carolina, Asheville, NC.
| | - Joshua Helm
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Iain H Mckillop
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary, Department of Surgery, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
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Raj R, Sobhan PK, Pratheesh KV, Anilkumar TV. A cholecystic extracellular matrix-based hybrid hydrogel for skeletal muscle tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1922-1933. [PMID: 32319161 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tailoring the properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) based hydrogels by conjugating with synthetic polymers is an emerging method for designing hybridhydrogels for a wide range of tissue engineering applications. In this study, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), a synthetic polymer at variable concentrations (ranging from 0.2 to 2% wt/vol) was conjugated with porcine cholecyst derived ECM (C-ECM) (1% wt/vol) and prepared a biosynthetic hydrogel having enhanced physico-mechanical properties, as required for skeletal muscle tissue engineering. The C-ECM was functionalized with acrylate groups using activated N-hydroxysuccinimide ester-based chemistry and then conjugated with PEGDA via free-radical polymerization in presence of ammonium persulfate and ascorbic acid. The physicochemical characteristics of the hydrogels were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy. Further, the hydrogel properties were studied by evaluating rheology, swelling, gelation time, percentage gel fraction, in vitro degradation, and mechanical strength. Biocompatibility of the gel formulations were assessed using the C2C12 skeletal myoblast cells. The hydrogel formulations containing 0.2 and 0.5% wt/vol of PEGDA were non-cytotoxic and found suitable for growth and proliferation of skeletal myoblasts. The study demonstrated a method for modulating the properties of ECM hydrogels through conjugation with bio-inert polymers for skeletal muscle tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Raj
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695012, India
| | - Praveen K Sobhan
- Division of Tissue Culture, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695012, India
| | - Kanakarajan V Pratheesh
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695012, India
| | - Thapasimuthu V Anilkumar
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695012, India
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Controlled cross‐linking of porcine cholecyst extracellular matrix for preparing tissue engineering scaffold. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:1057-1067. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Muhamed J, Anilkumar T, Rajan A, Surendran A, Jaleel A. Identification of potentially immunogenic proteins in porcine cholecyst extracellular matrix. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aaf4e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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