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De Coninck L, Declercq A, Bouckaert L, Döpp C, Graff MJL, Aertgeerts B. Promoting meaningful activities by occupational therapy in elderly care in Belgium: the ProMOTE intervention. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:275. [PMID: 38509458 PMCID: PMC10953191 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older people want to age in place. Despite advancing functional limitations and their desire of aging in place, they are not always faithful to therapy that maintains independence and promotes safety. Occupational therapists can facilitate aging in place. Occupational therapy is defined as the therapeutic use of everyday life occupations with persons, groups, or populations for the purpose of enhancing or enabling participation. AIM To describe the content a high-adherence-to-therapy and evidence-based occupational therapy intervention to optimize functional performance and social participation of home-based physically frail older adults and wellbeing of their informal caregiver, and the research activities undertaken to design this intervention. METHODS A roadmap was created to develop the occupational therapy intervention. This roadmap is based on the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework and is supplemented with elements of the Intervention Mapping approach. The TIDieR checklist is applied to describe the intervention in detail. A systematic review and two qualitative studies substantiated the content of the intervention scientifically. RESULTS The application of the first two phases of the MRC framework resulted in the ProMOTE intervention (Promoting Meaningful activities by Occupational Therapy in Elderly). The ProMOTE intervention is a high-adherence-to-therapy occupational therapy intervention that consists of six steps and describes in detail the evidence-based components that are required to obtain an operational intervention for occupational therapy practice. CONCLUSION This study transparently reflects on the process of a high-quality occupational therapy intervention to optimize the functional performance and social participation of the home-based physically frail older adult and describes the ProMOTE intervention in detail. The ProMOTE intervention contributes to safely aging in place and to maintaining social participation. The designed intervention goes beyond a description of the 'what'. The added value lies in the interweaving of the 'why' and 'how'. By describing the 'how', our study makes the concept of 'therapeutic use-of-self' operational throughout the six steps of the occupational therapy intervention. A further rigorous study of the effect of the ProMOTE intervention on adherence, functional performance and social participation is recommended based to facilitate the implementation of this intervention on a national level in Belgium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen De Coninck
- Academic Center for General Practice, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
- CEBAM Belgian Center for Evidence-based Medicine vzw, Kapucijnenvoer 7, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| | - Anja Declercq
- LUCAS Center for Care Research and Consultancy & CESO Center for Sociological Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 8, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Leen Bouckaert
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Artevelde University of Applied Sciences, Voetweg 66, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Carola Döpp
- Scientific Institute for Quality of Health Care, Department of Rehabilitation, Radboudumc Research Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, Houtlaan 4, Nijmegen, 6525 XZ, The Netherlands
| | - Maud J L Graff
- Scientific Institute for Quality of Health Care, Department of Rehabilitation, Radboudumc Research Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, Houtlaan 4, Nijmegen, 6525 XZ, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Aertgeerts
- Academic Center for General Practice, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
- CEBAM Belgian Center for Evidence-based Medicine vzw, Kapucijnenvoer 7, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
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Runacres J, Herron D. Designing Inclusive Qualitative Research with Carers of People Living with Dementia: Methodological Insights. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2125. [PMID: 37570366 PMCID: PMC10419147 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The support provided by carers of people living with dementia results in savings for the UK economy; however, providing this care has a significant impact on carers. Supports are needed to ensure that carers can continue to provide care, and carers should be involved in the generation of the evidence necessary to develop such support. However, this relies on their ability to meaningfully engage with research, yet current data collection methods create obstacles to engagement. In this paper, we aim to provide a critical examination of approaches to qualitative data collection with carers and produce recommendations for the design of inclusive research. First, different approaches to qualitative data collection are discussed and appraised. Following this, a case study of inclusive research is presented, illustrating how carers can be facilitated to engage in research. Finally, recommendations for inclusive research are offered, including the collection of data without the cared-for person present, building additional care into a study design, providing 'incidental funds,' offering sustenance and remuneration, and undertaking research in a neutral space. These recommendations are designed to facilitate the involvement of carers in research and promote the use of more varied or multifaceted methods to develop the current evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Runacres
- Department of Midwifery and Allied Health, Staffordshire University, Staffordshire ST4 2DE, UK
| | - Daniel Herron
- Department of Psychology, Staffordshire University, Staffordshire ST4 2DE, UK;
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Jiménez S, Bueno B, Navarro AB. Do the caregiving spouses of people with dementia in Spain perceive the same barriers for taking part in interventions as caregiving offspring? HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e2385-e2394. [PMID: 34890481 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this qualitative research is to examine the difficulties perceived by caregivers for taking part in an offered intervention, exploring whether there are differences depending on caregiver's degree of kinship. Forty-two family caregivers from Salamanca (Spain) were interviewed after declining an invitation to take part in an intervention programme. All the telephone conversations were transcribed verbatim. The transcriptions were subject to a thematic content analysis using QDA MINER software. The barriers identified were (1) difficulties adapting to the intervention's schedule due to a lack of time, or incompatibility with its dates or timetables, (2) belief among the caregivers that they do not need or are not interested in the support the intervention provides, (3) impossibility to separate from the family member to attend due to the absence of relief or a feeling of guilt, (4) caregiver's health issues, (5) difficulties with accessibility, and (6) belief that the therapies serve no useful purpose. Certain differences were identified depending on the caregiver's kinship. Understanding the difficulties caregivers face for taking part in the interventions will enable steps to be taken to remove and/or reduce such barriers, whereby more caregivers will benefit from interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jiménez
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Belén Bueno
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana B Navarro
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Wassan JT, Zheng H, Wang H. Role of Deep Learning in Predicting Aging-Related Diseases: A Scoping Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112924. [PMID: 34831148 PMCID: PMC8616301 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging refers to progressive physiological changes in a cell, an organ, or the whole body of an individual, over time. Aging-related diseases are highly prevalent and could impact an individual’s physical health. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) methods have been used to predict aging-related diseases and issues, aiding clinical providers in decision-making based on patient’s medical records. Deep learning (DL), as one of the most recent generations of AI technologies, has embraced rapid progress in the early prediction and classification of aging-related issues. In this paper, a scoping review of publications using DL approaches to predict common aging-related diseases (such as age-related macular degeneration, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, arthritis, Alzheimer’s and lifestyle patterns related to disease progression), was performed. Google Scholar, IEEE and PubMed are used to search DL papers on common aging-related issues published between January 2017 and August 2021. These papers were reviewed, evaluated, and the findings were summarized. Overall, 34 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies indicate that DL could help clinicians in diagnosing disease at its early stages by mapping diagnostic predictions into observable clinical presentations; and achieving high predictive performance (e.g., more than 90% accurate predictions of diseases in aging).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huiru Zheng
- School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1ED, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Haiying Wang
- School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1ED, UK;
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Preissner CE, Charles K, Knäuper B, Kaushal N. Predicting Decisional Determinants of Physical Activity Among Older Adults: An Integrated Behavior Approach. J Aging Health 2021; 34:569-580. [PMID: 34657497 PMCID: PMC9446452 DOI: 10.1177/08982643211049079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The present study applied the Integrated Behavior Change Model to investigate how
behavioral decisions are predicted, namely, intention, planning, and habits, with respect
to physical activity. Methods: Participants were older adults (ages 65+)
residing in the U.S. (N = 667) who completed online measures of
behavioral determinants (autonomous motivation, perceived behavioral control, subjective
norms, attitudes, intention, habit, and consistency), in addition to past behavior.
Results: A structural equation model revealed that intention was predicted
by past behavior and social-cognitive determinants. Social cognitive determinants mediated
between past behavior and habit, as well as between autonomous motivation and habit.
Intention mediated between past behavior and planning. Discussion: This study
highlights the importance of multiple processes (social cognitive, habit/automatic, and
post-intentional/planning) that formulate physical activity intentions. Mediation pathways
revealed the importance of autonomous motivation for establishing intentions and habit.
Facilitating these processes among older adults could be effective for promoting physical
activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Navin Kaushal
- School of Health and Human Sciences, 10668Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
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Sociodemographic, Anthropometric, Functional and Psychosocial Factors Associated with Physical Activity in Older Adults. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-021-09450-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Thies SB, Russell R, Al-Ani A, Belet T, Bates A, Costamagna E, Kenney L, Howard D. An investigation of the effects of walking frame height and width on walking stability. Gait Posture 2020; 82:248-253. [PMID: 32987344 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking aids are designed for structural support during walking, however, surprisingly self-reported use of a walking aid ("Yes, I use one.") has been identified as a risk factor for falling. Adjustment and design of walking aids may affect their usefulness in facilitating a stable walking pattern. We previously identified that increased body weight transfer onto a walking frame ('device loading') is associated with increased user stability. RESEARCH QUESTION We asked: "Could adjustment of walking frame height to a lower height than clinically recommended serve as a mechanism to facilitate device loading and thereby increase stability? And: "Do ultra-narrow frames have an adverse effect on stability as compared to standard-width frames? METHODS Ten older adults that were users of front-wheeled walking frames walked with walking frames of 1) 'standard width, standard height', 2)'standard width, low height', 3)'narrow width, standard height'. Smart Walker technology was used to record forces acting on the walking frame and inside the user's shoes, and cameras recorded relative position of the user's feet in relation to the frame's feet. Stability of the user-frame system and device loading (percent body weight transferred onto the frame) were calculated. A general linear mixed effects model was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A lower height setting did not increase device loading and stability, therefore adjusting the height to a lower setting proved to be an unsuccessful mechanism to increase stability. However, device loading was positively correlated with stability for all frame conditions (p < 0.05). Finally, stability was reduced when walking with the ultra-narrow, as compared to standard-width, frame (p = 0.002). SIGNIFICANCE To increase stability in fall-prone users, active encouragement to transfer body weight onto the walking frame is needed. Considering the adverse effects of ultra-narrow frames on stability, such frames should be prescribed and used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Brunhilde Thies
- Centre for Health Sciences Research, School of Health & Society, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK.
| | - Rachel Russell
- Centre for Health Sciences Research, School of Health & Society, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Abdullah Al-Ani
- School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Tom Belet
- Biomedical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
| | - Alex Bates
- Centre for Health Sciences Research, School of Health & Society, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Eleonora Costamagna
- Centre for Health Sciences Research, School of Health & Society, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Laurence Kenney
- Centre for Health Sciences Research, School of Health & Society, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Dave Howard
- Centre for Health Sciences Research, School of Health & Society, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
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Petrusevski C, Choo S, Wilson M, MacDermid J, Richardson J. Interventions to address sedentary behaviour for older adults: a scoping review. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 43:3090-3101. [PMID: 32058808 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1725156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sedentary behaviour is associated with increased risk for lower health status and all-cause mortality. Older adults spend up to 75%, on average, of their day sedentary, however little is known about interventions designed to decrease sitting time for this population. METHODS A scoping review was conducted to broadly determine what is known about sedentary behaviour interventions for older adults. Electronic databases were searched for articles with eligibility criteria including: (1) interventions containing strategies to decrease sedentary behaviour, (2) adults ≥60 years of age, and (3) reported outcome measures related to sedentary behaviour. RESULTS A total of 32 articles met the inclusion criteria. While methodological quality and intervention characteristics varied among the studies, the majority of interventions used a multi-component approach. Interventions involved a variety of behavioural change strategies with goal setting, information and self-monitoring the most frequently used. Of the 20 studies reporting results, 80% (n = 16) found at least one significant change in sedentary behaviour. CONCLUSION Findings from this scoping review suggest that sedentary behaviour can be reduced in community-dwelling older adults through multi-component targeted interventions. Future work is needed to examine sedentary behaviour interventions for adults >75 years and for persons living in long-term care institutions.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONOlder adults spend up to 75% of their day sedentary and are at an increased risk for chronic conditions, functional limitations, and mortality.Multi-component sedentary behaviour interventions, such as education, physical activity, and activity monitoring should be implemented for older adults.When designing interventions, incorporating goal-setting, self-monitoring and other behaviour change strategies can reduce sitting time for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvana Choo
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Michael Wilson
- McMaster Health Forum, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Health Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Joy MacDermid
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Julie Richardson
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Health Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Yang R, Liu Y, Wang H, Du Y. Leisure-Time Daily Walking and Blood Pressure Among Chinese Older Adults: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Res Gerontol Nurs 2019; 12:248-258. [PMID: 31283832 DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20190702-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This descriptive, cross-sectional study aimed to describe the characteristics of participants who engaged in leisure-time daily walking (LTDW) and examine the relationship between LTDW and blood pressure (BP) in Chinese older adults in general, and specifically among Chinese older adults with hypertension. Participants included 780 adults who were 65 and older from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Participants self-reported their LTDW time, and BP was measured three times using an Omron HEM-7200 Monitor. Multiple linear regression models and ordinal logistical models were used to examine the characteristics of daily walkers and associations between LTDW time with systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP). Older adults of younger age (ß = -0.02, p = 0.012) and higher education (ß = 0.52, p = 0.018) were more likely to engage in LTDW, whereas being married was associated with less LTDW (ß = -0.24, p = 0.025). In addition, 2 to 4 hours of LTDW time was associated with lower DBP (ß = -4.13, p = 0.002). For hypertensive older adults, 30 minutes to 2 hours of LTDW time was related to lower DBP (ß = -4.42, p = 0.024). LTDW may have varying benefits on BP. Clinical recommendations should be based on patient characteristics and chronic conditions. [Res Gerontol Nurs. 2019; 12(5): 248-258.].
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Sansano-Nadal O, Giné-Garriga M, Brach JS, Wert DM, Jerez-Roig J, Guerra-Balic M, Oviedo G, Fortuño J, Gómara-Toldrà N, Soto-Bagaria L, Pérez LM, Inzitari M, Solà I, Martin-Borràs C, Roqué M. Exercise-Based Interventions to Enhance Long-Term Sustainability of Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2527. [PMID: 31311165 PMCID: PMC6678490 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is a form of physical activity (PA). PA is an important marker of health and quality of life in older adults. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to assess the effect of exercise-based interventions on an at least six-month follow up PA measure, and to describe the specific strategies implemented during the intervention to strengthen the sustainability of PA in community-dwelling 65+ year-old adults. We registered and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42017070892) of randomized clinical trials (RCT). We searched three electronic databases during January 2018 to identify RCT assessing any type of exercise-based intervention. Studies had to report a pre-, post-, and at least 6-month post-intervention follow-up. To be included, at least one PA outcome had to be assessed. The effect of exercise-based interventions was assessed compared to active (e.g., a low-intensity type of exercise, such as stretching or toning activities) and non-active (e.g., usual care) control interventions at several time points. Secondary analyses were conducted, restricted to studies that reported specific strategies to enhance the sustainability of PA. The intervention effect was measured on self-reported and objective measures of time spent in PA, by means of standardized mean differences. Standardized mean differences of PA level were pooled. Pooled estimates of effect were computed with the DerSimonian-Laird method, applying a random effects model. The risk of bias was also assessed. We included 12 studies, comparing 18 exercise intervention groups to four active and nine non-active control groups. Nine studies reported specific strategies to enhance the long-term sustainability of PA. The strategies were mostly related to the self-efficacy, self-control, and behavior capability principles based on the social cognitive theory. Exercise interventions compared to active control showed inconclusive and heterogeneous results. When compared to non-active control, exercise interventions improved PA time at the six-months follow up (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.30; 95%CI 0.15 to 0.44; four studies; 724 participants; I2 0%), but not at the one- or two-years follow-ups. No data were available on the mid- and long-term effect of adding strategies to enhance the sustainability of PA. Exercise interventions have small clinical benefits on PA levels in community-dwelling older adults, with a decline in the observed improvement after six months of the intervention cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Sansano-Nadal
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences. Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences (FPCEE) Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Císter 34, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Giné-Garriga
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences. Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences (FPCEE) Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Císter 34, 08022 Barcelona, Spain.
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
- Department of Physical Therapy. Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS) Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Padilla 326-332, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jennifer S Brach
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Forbes Tower, 3600 Atwood St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - David M Wert
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Forbes Tower, 3600 Atwood St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Javier Jerez-Roig
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences. Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences (FPCEE) Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Císter 34, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
- Research group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcome of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Science and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVIC-UCC), Sagrada Família 7, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Myriam Guerra-Balic
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences. Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences (FPCEE) Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Císter 34, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Oviedo
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences. Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences (FPCEE) Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Císter 34, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Fortuño
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences. Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences (FPCEE) Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Císter 34, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natàlia Gómara-Toldrà
- Department of Physical Therapy. Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS) Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Padilla 326-332, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Soto-Bagaria
- Intermediate Care Hospital, Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Avinguda de Vallcarca 169-205, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group, Vall d'Hebrón Institute of Research (VHIR), Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Mónica Pérez
- Intermediate Care Hospital, Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Avinguda de Vallcarca 169-205, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group, Vall d'Hebrón Institute of Research (VHIR), Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Inzitari
- Intermediate Care Hospital, Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Avinguda de Vallcarca 169-205, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group, Vall d'Hebrón Institute of Research (VHIR), Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivan Solà
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre. Institute of Biomedical Research Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Marià Claret 167, pavilion 18, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Martin-Borràs
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences. Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences (FPCEE) Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Císter 34, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physical Therapy. Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS) Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Padilla 326-332, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Roqué
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre. Institute of Biomedical Research Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Marià Claret 167, pavilion 18, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute on Health and Aging, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Sant Antoni Marià Claret 171 (Casa Convalecencia), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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Factors influencing physical activity participation among older people with low activity levels. AGEING & SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x1900076x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDespite the well-documented health benefits of physical activity in older adults, participation levels remain low. With rapid global population ageing, intensive efforts are needed to encourage higher levels of participation to ameliorate the negative effects of physical inactivity for older individuals and society as a whole. The aim of this qualitative study was to inform future physical activity promotion interventions by examining factors contributing to low activity levels among older people undertaking less than half the recommended level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 102 (65% female) community-dwelling Western Australians aged 60+ years (mean = 71.52, standard deviation = 6.26) who engaged in ⩽75 minutes of MVPA per week as measured by accelerometers. Several modifiable and unmodifiable barriers were identified, of which poor health featured most prominently. Lifetime physical inactivity, caring duties, low motivation, misperceptions of physical activity and ageing, and a lack of affordable and attractive options were the other barriers identified. The results suggest that strategies are needed to raise awareness of current physical activity guidelines, normalise engagement in MVPA throughout the lifespan, develop initiatives to motivate participation, improve the availability of affordable physical activity programmes that are attractive to this population segment, and facilitate participation among those with intensive caring responsibilities.
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Recruiting Dementia Caregivers Into Clinical Trials: Lessons Learnt From the Australian TRANSCENDENT Trial. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2017; 30:338-344. [PMID: 27227995 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The burden on those caring for a person with dementia is substantial. Although quality research assists in addressing the needs of these caregivers, recruiting caregivers into clinical studies is often problematic. This investigation explores the difficulties and successes in recruiting dementia caregivers into community-based clinical research by reporting the findings of a mixed-method substudy of a multicenter randomized controlled trial involving 40 community-dwelling dementia caregivers living in Adelaide, South Australia. Data for the substudy were derived from standardized trial monitoring documentation and structured telephone interviews. From a total of 16 distinct methods used across a 12-month recruitment campaign, the most cost-effective strategy was the distribution of flyers through a single study site. This approach generated the greatest number of enrollments of all methods used, achieving a 67% recruitment yield. The least cost-effective strategy, with a 0% recruitment yield, was the publication of a newspaper advertisement. Themes that emerged from the interviews pointed toward 5 key facilitators and 3 barriers to future trial recruitment. This study has generated new insights into the effective recruitment of dementia caregivers into clinical trials. We anticipate that these lessons learnt will assist in shaping the recruitment strategies of future studies of dementia caregivers.
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Booker SQ, Herr KA, Tripp-Reimer T. Culturally Conscientious Pain Measurement in Older African Americans. West J Nurs Res 2016; 38:1354-73. [PMID: 27174228 DOI: 10.1177/0193945916648952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable pain disparities across the care continuum, pain is an understudied health problem in older ethnic minority groups, such as African Americans. Quality pain measurement is a core task in pain management and a mechanism by which pain disparities may be reduced. Pain measurement includes the methods (e.g., assessment approaches, tools) and metrics that researchers and clinicians use to understand the characteristics of pain. However, there are significant issues and gaps that negatively affect pain measurement in older African Americans. Of concern is insufficient representation in pain research, which impedes the testing and refinement of many standardized self-report, behavioral and surrogate report, physiological, and composite measures of pain. The purposes for this article are to discuss the status of pain measurement and factors that affect our knowledge on pain measurement in older African Americans, and to provide guidance for culturally conscientious pain measurement using the available literature.
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Chase JAD. Interventions to Increase Physical Activity Among Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2014; 55:706-18. [PMID: 25298530 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnu090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To determine the overall effectiveness of interventions designed to increase physical activity (PA) behavior among community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN AND METHODS Comprehensive literature searching identified eligible PA intervention studies among community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older, or sample mean age of 70. Diverse study characteristics were extracted and outcome data were duplicate coded. Overall mean effect sizes (ESs) were synthesized using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity of effects was analyzed using Q and I(2) statistics. Moderator analyses were conducted using meta-analytic analogues of ANOVA and regression for dichotomous and continuous moderators, respectively. RESULTS ESs were calculated from 13,829 primary study subjects. The overall mean ES for two-group posttest comparisons was 0.18 (95% CI 0.10-0.26, p < .001). This represents a difference of 620 steps/day or 73 min of PA/week between treatment and control groups. Significant moderators included the use of theory, how interventions were delivered, and cognitive plus behavioral-type intervention components. Non-significant moderators include the type of interventionist, delivery setting, and various measures of intervention dose. IMPLICATIONS PA interventions significantly improved PA behavior among community-dwelling older adults. Effective PA interventions may be efficiently delivered using already available resources and personnel. Future PA intervention research should be theoretically based, incorporate more diverse subjects, and compare intervention delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Ana D Chase
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia.
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Chase JAD. Physical activity interventions among older adults: a literature review. Res Theory Nurs Pract 2013; 27:53-80. [PMID: 23923347 DOI: 10.1891/1541-6577.27.1.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is important in the management of chronic illness among older adults worldwide. Researchers have conducted several intervention studies to increase PA behavior in this population. This review of the past 12 years of relevant PA intervention research among adults aged 60 years and older systematically summarized research findings, identified characteristics of successful interventions, and proposed areas of future research. There were 20 studies reviewed for this article, most employing a combination of cognitive-behavioral intervention design. Cognitive-based only and combination interventions were more successful in changing PA behavior; however, behavioral-based interventions demonstrated more long-term changes in PA behavior. Among theory-based interventions, self-efficacy was the most commonly operationalized construct. Findings from this review may inform future primary research to promote PA behavior among older adults, as well as gerontological clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Ana D Chase
- University of Missouri, Sinclair School of Nursing, USA.
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Knechel NA. The challenges of enrolling older adults into intervention studies. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 86:41-7. [PMID: 23482244 PMCID: PMC3584494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Adults aged 65 years or older have been routinely and systematically excluded from research. With the number of older adults at a record high and growing faster than any other age group, there must be an increased priority on meeting the enrollment challenges so intervention studies are relevant to this population. The challenge centers around the complexity and heterogeneity of older adults, leaving a gap between older adults who participate in studies and those who exist in the real world. Barriers to enrollment stem from both the researcher and participant side. Eight barriers from the research perspective and six from the participant perspective are identified and discussed. Solutions to these barriers can be approached from a three-tier framework. The lowest tier is direct solutions to problems, the middle involves support from funders and journals, and the top tier considers a comprehensive view of sampling and design decisions.
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Lane KR. People of a certain age. West J Nurs Res 2012; 35:3-5. [PMID: 23223364 DOI: 10.1177/0193945912460189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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