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Sztandera K, Gorzkiewicz M, Klajnert-Maculewicz B. Nanocarriers in photodynamic therapy-in vitro and in vivo studies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 12:e1509. [PMID: 31692285 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive technique which has proven to be successful in the treatment of several types of tumors. This relatively simple method exploits three inseparable elements: phototoxic compound (photosensitizer [PS]), light source, and oxygen. Upon irradiation by light with specified wavelength, PS generates reactive oxygen species, which starts the cascade of reactions leading to cell death. The positive therapeutic outcome of PDT may be limited due to several aspects, including low water solubility of PSs, hampering their effective administration and blood circulation, as well as low tumor specificity, inefficient cellular uptake and activation energies requiring prolonged illumination times. One of the promising approaches to overcome these obstacles involves the use of carrier systems modulating pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the PSs. In the present review, we summarized current in vitro and in vivo studies regarding the use of nanoparticles as potential delivery devices for PSs to enhance their cellular uptake and cytotoxic properties, and thus-the therapeutic outcome of PDT. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Sztandera
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Gorzkiewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Solov’eva AB, Savko MA, Glagolev NN, Aksenova NA, Timashev PS, Bragina NA, Zhdanova KA, Mironov AF. Photogeneration of Singlet Oxygen by Tetra(p-Hydroxyphenyl)porphyrins Modified with Oligo- and Polyalkylene Oxides. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024418080277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Palao-Suay R, Gómez-Mascaraque L, Aguilar M, Vázquez-Lasa B, Román JS. Self-assembling polymer systems for advanced treatment of cancer and inflammation. Prog Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
In chemotherapy a fine balance between therapeutic and toxic effects needs to be found for each patient, adapting standard combination protocols each time. Nanotherapeutics has been introduced into clinical practice for treating tumors with the aim of improving the therapeutic outcome of conventional therapies and of alleviating their toxicity and overcoming multidrug resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved, minimally invasive procedure emerging in cancer treatment. It involves the administration of a photosensitizer (PS) which, under light irradiation and in the presence of molecular oxygen, produces cytotoxic species. Unfortunately, most PSs lack specificity for tumor cells and are poorly soluble in aqueous media, where they can form aggregates with low photoactivity. Nanotechnological approaches in PDT (nanoPDT) can offer a valid option to deliver PSs in the body and to solve at least some of these issues. Currently, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are emerging as nanoPDT system because their features (size, surface properties, and release rate) can be readily manipulated by selecting appropriate materials in a vast range of possible candidates commercially available and by synthesizing novel tailor-made materials. Delivery of PSs through NPs offers a great opportunity to overcome PDT drawbacks based on the concept that a nanocarrier can drive therapeutic concentrations of PS to the tumor cells without generating any harmful effect in non-target tissues. Furthermore, carriers for nanoPDT can surmount solubility issues and the tendency of PS to aggregate, which can severely affect photophysical, chemical, and biological properties. Finally, multimodal NPs carrying different drugs/bioactive species with complementary mechanisms of cancer cell killing and incorporating an imaging agent can be developed. In the following, we describe the principles of PDT use in cancer and the pillars of rational design of nanoPDT carriers dictated by tumor and PS features. Then we illustrate the main nanoPDT systems demonstrating potential in preclinical models together with emerging concepts for their advanced design.
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Development and characterization of conducting polymer nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:476-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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He H, Cattran AW, Nguyen T, Nieminen AL, Xu P. Triple-responsive expansile nanogel for tumor and mitochondria targeted photosensitizer delivery. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9546-53. [PMID: 25154666 PMCID: PMC4157076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A pH, thermal, and redox potential triple-responsive expansile nanogel system (TRN), which swells at acidic pH, temperature higher than its transition temperature, and reducing environment, has been developed. TRN quickly expands from 108 nm to over 1200 nm (in diameter), achieving more than 1000-fold size enlargement (in volume), within 2 h in a reducing environment at body temperature. Sigma-2 receptor targeting-ligand functionalized TRN can effectively target head and neck tumor, and help Pc 4 targeting mitochondria inside cancer cells to achieve enhanced photodynamic therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huacheng He
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Alexander W Cattran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Tu Nguyen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Anna-Liisa Nieminen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Peisheng Xu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Kirejev V, Gonçalves AR, Aggelidou C, Manet I, Mårtensson J, Yannakopoulou K, Ericson MB. Photophysics and ex vivo biodistribution of β-cyclodextrin-meso-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin conjugate for biomedical applications. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:1185-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photophysics andex vivobiodistribution of porphyrin (meso-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin;mTHPP) and porphyrin-cyclodextrin conjugate (β-cyclodextrin-meso-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin; CD-mTHPP) were investigated and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Kirejev
- Biomedical Photonics Group
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology
- University of Gothenburg
- Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A. R. Gonçalves
- Institute of Advanced Materials
- Physicochemical Processes
- Nanotechnology and Microsystems
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”
- Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Greece
| | - C. Aggelidou
- Institute of Advanced Materials
- Physicochemical Processes
- Nanotechnology and Microsystems
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”
- Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Greece
| | - I. Manet
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF)
- National Research Council (CNR)
- 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - J. Mårtensson
- Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K. Yannakopoulou
- Institute of Advanced Materials
- Physicochemical Processes
- Nanotechnology and Microsystems
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”
- Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Greece
| | - M. B. Ericson
- Biomedical Photonics Group
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology
- University of Gothenburg
- Gothenburg, Sweden
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Niehoff AC, Moosmann A, Söbbing J, Wiehe A, Mulac D, Wehe CA, Reifschneider O, Blaske F, Wagner S, Sperling M, von Briesen H, Langer K, Karst U. A palladium label to monitor nanoparticle-assisted drug delivery of a photosensitizer into tumor spheroids by elemental bioimaging. Metallomics 2014; 6:77-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00223c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sah H, Thoma LA, Desu HR, Sah E, Wood GC. Concepts and practices used to develop functional PLGA-based nanoparticulate systems. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:747-65. [PMID: 23459088 PMCID: PMC3582541 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s40579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionality of bare polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) nanoparticles is limited to drug depot or drug solubilization in their hard cores. They have inherent weaknesses as a drug-delivery system. For instance, when administered intravenously, the nanoparticles undergo rapid clearance from systemic circulation before reaching the site of action. Furthermore, plain PLGA nanoparticles cannot distinguish between different cell types. Recent research shows that surface functionalization of nanoparticles and development of new nanoparticulate dosage forms help overcome these delivery challenges and improve in vivo performance. Immense research efforts have propelled the development of diverse functional PLGA-based nanoparticulate delivery systems. Representative examples include PEGylated micelles/nanoparticles (PEG, polyethylene glycol), polyplexes, polymersomes, core-shell-type lipid-PLGA hybrids, cell-PLGA hybrids, receptor-specific ligand-PLGA conjugates, and theranostics. Each PLGA-based nanoparticulate dosage form has specific features that distinguish it from other nanoparticulate systems. This review focuses on fundamental concepts and practices that are used in the development of various functional nanoparticulate dosage forms. We describe how the attributes of these functional nanoparticulate forms might contribute to achievement of desired therapeutic effects that are not attainable using conventional therapies. Functional PLGA-based nanoparticulate systems are expected to deliver chemotherapeutic, diagnostic, and imaging agents in a highly selective and effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkee Sah
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Sedaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Shining light on nanotechnology to help repair and regeneration. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 31:607-31. [PMID: 22951919 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phototherapy can be used in two completely different but complementary therapeutic applications. While low level laser (or light) therapy (LLLT) uses red or near-infrared light alone to reduce inflammation, pain and stimulate tissue repair and regeneration, photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses the combination of light plus non-toxic dyes (called photosensitizers) to produce reactive oxygen species that can kill infectious microorganisms and cancer cells or destroy unwanted tissue (neo-vascularization in the choroid, atherosclerotic plaques in the arteries). The recent development of nanotechnology applied to medicine (nanomedicine) has opened a new front of advancement in the field of phototherapy and has provided hope for the development of nanoscale drug delivery platforms for effective killing of pathological cells and to promote repair and regeneration. Despite the well-known beneficial effects of phototherapy and nanomaterials in producing the killing of unwanted cells and promoting repair and regeneration, there are few reports that combine all three elements i.e. phototherapy, nanotechnology and, tissue repair and regeneration. However, these areas in all possible binary combinations have been addressed by many workers. The present review aims at highlighting the combined multi-model applications of phototherapy, nanotechnology and, reparative and regeneration medicine and outlines current strategies, future applications and limitations of nanoscale-assisted phototherapy for the management of cancers, microbial infections and other diseases, and to promote tissue repair and regeneration.
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