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Huang L, Woods CM, Dharmawardana N, Michael MZ, Ooi EH. The mechanisms of action of metformin on head and neck cancer in the pre-clinical setting: a scoping review. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1358854. [PMID: 38454932 PMCID: PMC10917904 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1358854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This scoping review identifies the mechanistic pathways of metformin when used to treat head and neck cancer cells, in the pre-clinical setting. Understanding the underlying mechanisms will inform future experimental designs exploring metformin as a potential adjuvant for head and neck cancer. This scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna-Briggs Institute framework. A structured search identified 1288 studies, of which 52 studies fulfilled the eligibility screen. The studies are presented in themes addressing hallmarks of cancer. Most of the studies demonstrated encouraging anti-proliferative effects in vitro and reduced tumor weight and volume in animal models. However, a few studies have cautioned the use of metformin which supported cancer cell growth under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Huang
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Charmaine M. Woods
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nuwan Dharmawardana
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Z. Michael
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Eng Hooi Ooi
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Domingo-Vidal M, Whitaker-Menezes D, Mollaee M, Lin Z, Tuluc M, Philp N, Johnson JM, Zhan T, Curry J, Martinez-Outschoorn U. Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Is a Driver of Aggressiveness in Aerodigestive Tract Cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:906494. [PMID: 35814364 PMCID: PMC9259095 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.906494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common cancers of the aerodigestive tract (ADT) are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The tumor stroma plays an important role in ADT cancer development and progression, and contributes to the metabolic heterogeneity of tumors. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant cell type in the tumor stroma of ADT cancers and exert pro-tumorigenic functions. Metabolically, glycolytic CAFs support the energy needs of oxidative (OXPHOS) carcinoma cells. Upregulation of the monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) and downregulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase 3α (IDH3α) are markers of glycolysis in CAFs, and upregulation of the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOMM20) are markers of OXPHOS in carcinoma cells. It is unknown if glycolytic metabolism in CAFs is a driver of ADT cancer aggressiveness. In this study, co-cultures in vitro and co-injections in mice of ADT carcinoma cells with fibroblasts were used as experimental models to study the effects of fibroblasts on metabolic compartmentalization, oxidative stress, carcinoma cell proliferation and apoptosis, and overall tumor growth. Glycolytic metabolism in fibroblasts was modulated using the HIF-1α inhibitor BAY 87-2243, the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine, and genetic depletion of MCT4. We found that ADT human tumors express markers of metabolic compartmentalization and that co-culture models of ADT cancers recapitulate human metabolic compartmentalization, have high levels of oxidative stress, and promote carcinoma cell proliferation and survival. In these models, BAY 87-2243 rescues IDH3α expression and NAC reduces MCT4 expression in fibroblasts, and these treatments decrease ADT carcinoma cell proliferation and increase cell death. Genetic depletion of fibroblast MCT4 decreases proliferation and survival of ADT carcinoma cells in co-culture. Moreover, co-injection of ADT carcinoma cells with fibroblasts lacking MCT4 reduces tumor growth and decreases the expression of markers of metabolic compartmentalization in tumors. In conclusion, metabolic compartmentalization with high expression of MCT4 in CAFs drives aggressiveness in ADT cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Domingo-Vidal
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Diana Whitaker-Menezes
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mehri Mollaee
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zhao Lin
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Madalina Tuluc
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nancy Philp
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Johnson
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joseph Curry
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ubaldo Martinez-Outschoorn
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ubaldo Martinez-Outschoorn,
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Raudenska M, Gumulec J, Balvan J, Masarik M. Caveolin-1 in oncogenic metabolic symbiosis. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1793-1807. [PMID: 32196654 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic phenotypes of cancer cells are heterogeneous and flexible as a tumor mass is a hurriedly evolving system capable of constant adaptation to oxygen and nutrient availability. The exact type of cancer metabolism arises from the combined effects of factors intrinsic to the cancer cells and factors proposed by the tumor microenvironment. As a result, a condition termed oncogenic metabolic symbiosis in which components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) promote tumor growth often occurs. Understanding how oncogenic metabolic symbiosis emerges and evolves is crucial for perceiving tumorigenesis. The process by which tumor cells reprogram their TME involves many mechanisms, including changes in intercellular communication, alterations in metabolic phenotypes of TME cells, and rearrangement of the extracellular matrix. It is possible that one molecule with a pleiotropic effect such as Caveolin-1 may affect many of these pathways. Here, we discuss the significance of Caveolin-1 in establishing metabolic symbiosis in TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Raudenska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Gumulec
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balvan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
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4
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Lorenzo-Pouso AI, Pérez-Sayáns M, Rodríguez-Zorrilla S, Chamorro-Petronacci C, García-García A. Dissecting the Proton Transport Pathway in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: State of the Art and Theranostics Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174222. [PMID: 31470498 PMCID: PMC6747091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells overexpress proton exchangers at the plasma membrane in order acidify the extracellular matrix and maintain the optimal pH for sustaining cancer growth. Among the families of proton exchangers implicated in carcinogenesis, carbonic anhydrases (CAs), monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs), sodium bicarbonate cotransporters (NBCs), and vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) are highlighted. Considerable research has been carried out into the utility of the understanding of these machineries in the diagnosis and prognosis of several solid tumors. In addition, as therapeutic targets, the interference of their functions has contributed to the discovery or optimization of cancer therapies. According to recent reports, the study of these mechanisms seems promising in the particular case of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In the present review, the latest advances in these fields are summarized, in particular, the usefulness of proton exchangers as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro I Lorenzo-Pouso
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, GI-1319 Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
| | - Mario Pérez-Sayáns
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, GI-1319 Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
| | - Samuel Rodríguez-Zorrilla
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, GI-1319 Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Cintia Chamorro-Petronacci
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, GI-1319 Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Abel García-García
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, GI-1319 Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
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5
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Domingo-Vidal M, Whitaker-Menezes D, Martos-Rus C, Tassone P, Snyder CM, Tuluc M, Philp N, Curry J, Martinez-Outschoorn U. Cigarette Smoke Induces Metabolic Reprogramming of the Tumor Stroma in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1893-1909. [PMID: 31239287 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is comprised of metabolically linked distinct compartments. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and nonproliferative carcinoma cells display a glycolytic metabolism, while proliferative carcinoma cells rely on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism fueled by the catabolites provided by the adjacent CAFs. Metabolic coupling between these reprogrammed compartments contributes to HNSCC aggressiveness. In this study, we examined the effects of cigarette smoke-exposed CAFs on metabolic coupling and tumor aggressiveness of HNSCC. Cigarette smoke (CS) extract was generated by dissolving cigarette smoke in growth media. Fibroblasts were cultured in CS or control media. HNSCC cells were cocultured in vitro and coinjected in vivo with CS or control fibroblasts. We found that CS induced oxidative stress, glycolytic flux and MCT4 expression, and senescence in fibroblasts. MCT4 upregulation was critical for fibroblast viability under CS conditions. The effects of CS on fibroblasts were abrogated by antioxidant treatment. Coculture of carcinoma cells with CS fibroblasts induced metabolic coupling with upregulation of the marker of glycolysis MCT4 in fibroblasts and markers of mitochondrial metabolism MCT1 and TOMM20 in carcinoma cells. CS fibroblasts increased CCL2 expression and macrophage migration. Coculture with CS fibroblasts also increased two features of carcinoma cell aggressiveness: resistance to cell death and enhanced cell migration. Coinjection of carcinoma cells with CS fibroblasts generated larger tumors with reduced apoptosis than control coinjections, and upregulation of MCT4 by CS exposure was a driver of these effects. We demonstrate that a tumor microenvironment exposed to CS is sufficient to modulate metabolism and cancer aggressiveness in HNSCC. IMPLICATIONS: CS shifts cancer stroma toward glycolysis and induces head and neck cancer aggressiveness with a mitochondrial profile linked by catabolite transporters and oxidative stress. VISUAL OVERVIEW: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/17/9/1893/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Domingo-Vidal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Diana Whitaker-Menezes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cristina Martos-Rus
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick Tassone
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher M Snyder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Madalina Tuluc
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nancy Philp
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Ubaldo Martinez-Outschoorn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Lactate Promotes Cancer Stem-like Property of Oral Sequamous Cell Carcinoma. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:403-409. [PMID: 31209810 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of lactate in tumor has been linked to poor prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but the underlying mechanism remained largely uncertain. Previous studies have suggested that presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) closely correlated with cellular malignancy of OSCC. Here, using 3D organoid culture model, we investigated whether lactate promoted CSCs phenotype in primary OSCC cells. We generated organoids using fresh OSCC specimens and verified that organoids recapitulated histopathology and cellular heterogeneity of parental tumor. Organoids were then transfected with a Wnt reporter to visualize Wnt activity. The sphere forming assay demonstrated that high Wnt activity functionally designated CSCs population in OSCC cells. Further investigations indicated that lactate treatment promoted Wnt activity and increased the expression of CSCs (i.e. CD133+ cells) in organoids. Moreover, silencing monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), the prominent path for lactate uptake in human tumor with siRNA significantly impaired organoid forming capacity of OSCC cells. Together, our study demonstrated that lactate can promote CSCs phenotype of OSCC, and MCT1 may be a therapeutic target against OSCC growth.
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Curry JM, Johnson J, Mollaee M, Tassone P, Amin D, Knops A, Whitaker-Menezes D, Mahoney MG, South A, Rodeck U, Zhan T, Harshyne L, Philp N, Luginbuhl A, Cognetti D, Tuluc M, Martinez-Outschoorn U. Metformin Clinical Trial in HPV+ and HPV- Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Impact on Cancer Cell Apoptosis and Immune Infiltrate. Front Oncol 2018; 8:436. [PMID: 30364350 PMCID: PMC6193523 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metformin, an oral anti-hyperglycemic drug which inhibits mitochondrial complex I and oxidative phosphorylation has been reported to correlate with improved outcomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and other cancers. This effect is postulated to occur through disruption of tumor-driven metabolic and immune dysregulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We report new findings on the impact of metformin on the tumor and immune elements of the TME from a clinical trial of metformin in HNSCC. Methods: Human papilloma virus—(HPV–) tobacco+ mucosal HNSCC samples (n = 12) were compared to HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) samples (n = 17) from patients enrolled in a clinical trial. Apoptosis in tumor samples pre- and post-treatment with metformin was compared by deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Metastatic lymph nodes with extra-capsular extension (ECE) in metformin-treated patients (n = 7) were compared to archival lymph node samples with ECE (n = 11) for differences in immune markers quantified by digital image analysis using co-localization and nuclear algorithms (PD-L1, FoxP3, CD163, CD8). Results: HPV–, tobacco + HNSCC (mean Δ 13.7/high power field) specimens had a significantly higher increase in apoptosis compared to HPV+ OPSCC specimens (mean Δ 5.7/high power field) (p < 0.001). Analysis of the stroma at the invasive front in ECE nodal specimens from both HPV—HNSCC and HPV+ OPSCC metformin treated specimens showed increased CD8+ effector T cell infiltrate (mean 22.8%) compared to archival specimens (mean 10.7%) (p = 0.006). Similarly, metformin treated specimens showed an increased FoxP3+ regulatory T cell infiltrate (mean 9%) compared to non-treated archival specimens (mean 5%) (p = 0.019). Conclusions: This study presents novel data demonstrating that metformin differentially impacts HNSCC subtypes with greater apoptosis in HPV—HNSCC compared to HPV+ OPSCC. Moreover, we present the first in vivo human evidence that metformin may also trigger increased CD8+ Teff and FoxP3+ Tregs in the TME, suggesting an immunomodulatory effect in HNSCC. Further research is necessary to assess the effect of metformin on the TME of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mehri Mollaee
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell biology, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Patrick Tassone
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dev Amin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alexander Knops
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Diana Whitaker-Menezes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - My G Mahoney
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andrew South
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ulrich Rodeck
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Larry Harshyne
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nancy Philp
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell biology, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Adam Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David Cognetti
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Madalina Tuluc
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell biology, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ubaldo Martinez-Outschoorn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Verma A, Rich LJ, Vincent-Chong VK, Seshadri M. Visualizing the effects of metformin on tumor growth, vascularity, and metabolism in head and neck cancer. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:484-491. [PMID: 29573032 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antidiabetic drug metformin (Met) is believed to inhibit tumor proliferation by altering the metabolism of cancer cells. In this study, we examined the effects of Met on tumor oxygenation, metabolism, and growth in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using non-invasive multimodal imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice bearing orthotopic FaDu HNSCC xenografts were treated with Met (200 mg/kg, ip) once daily for 5 days. Tumor oxygen saturation (%sO2 ) and hemoglobin concentration (HbT) were measured using photoacoustic imaging (PAI). Fluorescence imaging was employed to measure intratumoral uptake of 2-deoxyglucosone (2-DG) following Met treatment while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was utilized to measure tumor volume. Correlative immunostaining of tumor sections for markers of proliferation (Ki67) and vascularity (CD31) was also performed. RESULTS At 5 days post-Met treatment, PAI revealed a significant increase (P < .05) in %sO2 and HbT levels in treated tumors compared to untreated controls. Fluorescence imaging at this time point revealed a 46% decrease in mean 2-DG uptake compared to controls. No changes in hemodynamic parameters were observed in mouse salivary gland tissue. A significant decrease in Ki-67 staining (P < .001) and MR-based tumor volume was also observed in Met-treated tumors compared to controls with no change in CD31 + vessel count following Met therapy. CONCLUSION Our results provide, for the first time, direct in vivo evidence of Met-induced changes in tumor microenvironmental parameters in HNSCC xenografts. Our findings highlight the utility of multimodal functional imaging for non-invasive mapping of the effects of Met in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Verma
- Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Laurie J Rich
- Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Mukund Seshadri
- Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
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