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Anzalone N, Gerevini S, Del Poggio A, Gaudino S, Causin F, Politi LS, Triulzi FM, Pero G, Pichiecchio A, Bastianello S, Baruzzi FM, Bianchini E, Foti G, Ricciardi GK, Sponza M, Menozzi R, Cosottini M, Chirico PD, Saba L, Gasparotti R. Neuroradiological manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: An Italian national multicenter study on behalf of AINR (Associazione Italiana di Neuroradiologia) and SIRM (Società Italiana di Radiologia Medica). Neuroradiol J 2024:19714009241240312. [PMID: 38897216 DOI: 10.1177/19714009241240312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This multicentric study aims to characterize and assess the occurrence of neuroradiological findings among patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first Italian wave of the pandemic outbreak. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients' data were collected between May 2020 and June 2020. Clinical and laboratory data, chest imaging, brain CT, and MRI imaging were included. Acquired data were centralized and analyzed in two hospitals: ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, and IRRCS San Raffaele Research Hospital, Milan, Italy. COVID-19 patients were classified into two different subgroups, vascular and nonvascular. The vascular pattern was further divided into ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke groups. RESULTS Four hundred and fifteen patients from 20 different Italian Centers were enrolled in the study. The most frequent symptom was focal neurological deficit, found in 143 patients (34.5%). The most frequent neuroradiological finding was ischemic stroke in 122 (29.4%) patients. Forty-four (10.6%) patients presented a cerebral hemorrhage. Forty-seven patients had non-stroke neuroimaging lesions (11.3%). The most common was PRES-like syndrome (28%), SWI hypointensities (22%), and encephalitis (19%). The stroke group had higher CAD risk (37.5% vs 20%, p = .016) and higher D-dimer levels (1875 ng/mL vs 451 ng/mL, p < .001) compared to the negative group. CONCLUSION Our study describes the biggest cohort study in Italy on brain imaging of COVID-19 patients and confirms that COVID-19 patients are at risk of strokes, possibly due to a pro-thrombotic microenvironment. Moreover, apart from stroke, the other neuroradiological patterns described align with the ones reported worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Anzalone
- Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Italy
| | | | - Anna Del Poggio
- Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Italy
| | - Simona Gaudino
- Radiology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabio Maria Triulzi
- Neuroradiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Pero
- Neuroradiology Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Elena Bianchini
- Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Ospedale Legnano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Foti
- Radiology Department, Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Sponza
- Neuroradiology Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy
| | - Roberto Menozzi
- Neuroradiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Parma, Italy
| | - Mirco Cosottini
- Neuroradiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Saba
- Radiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
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Du W, Dang Y, Xu Z, Chen F. Self-Reported Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions in Hospitalized Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2024; 103:85S-90S. [PMID: 35861210 DOI: 10.1177/01455613221116985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions (OGDs) among hospitalized patients with a novel strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), lineage B.1.617.2, also known as the delta variant, in Xi'an, China through verbal interviews. METHODS Clinical information of 370 hospitalized patients infected with the delta variant in the Aerospace City Branch of Xi'an People's Hospital in Xi'an, China from December 27, 2021 to January 10, 2022 were collected. The prevalence and characteristics of OGDs were collected using a simple questionnaire submitted to all infected patients, including questions about the presence and absence of OGDs. RESULTS Among the 370 patients infected with the delta variant, 28 (7.6%) reported OGDs. A significant proportion of patients with self-reported OGDs were younger than those without (28.9 ± 10.5 vs. 35.3 ± 13.9, P = 0.005) and had significantly higher rates of sore throat and rhinitis (28.6% vs. 12.3%, P = 0.033; 42.9% vs. 9.9%, P = 0.000). Women were significantly more affected by OGDs than men (67.9% vs. 32.1%, P = 0.012). Vaccinated and unvaccinated delta variant-infected patients showed statistically significant differences in terms of disease severity (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of OGDs in the delta variant infection was lower than that in wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection. Meanwhile, young age, female sex, and upper respiratory tract symptoms could be closely related to the occurrence of OGDs in the delta variant infection. In addition, a satisfactory level of efficacy was obtained with coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines against moderate and severe delta variant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Du
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Dang
- Nursing Department, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuo Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fuquan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Alcas O, Saldaña D, Triveño A, Salazar M, Mejía P. Association between olfactory dysfunction and COVID-19 severity: A prospective study in a highly complex hospital in Peru. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2024; 103:10S-18S. [PMID: 34908507 DOI: 10.1177/01455613211066691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Olfactory dysfunction has been included among the early symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Evidence suggests that a relationship exists between the duration of olfaction disorders and the probability of developing severe COVID-19. Given the scope of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aimed to determine the frequency of smell alteration and its association with the severity of COVID-19 in a referral hospital in Peru, which is one of the most affected countries in the Latin American region. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was an observational, prospective cohort study that included patients with COVID-19 who were treated at the Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins from August to November 2020. To assess the association, the chi-square test of independence or Fisher's exact test was performed. The outcome variable was COVID-19 severity, and the exposure variable was olfactory dysfunction. The first data collection was in the emergency department and the follow-up was via telephone. RESULTS A total of 179 patients were included. The mean age was 61.6 ± 15.5 years, and 129 patients (72.1%) were male. Olfactory dysfunction was observed in 43 patients (24%). An inverse association was found between age and olfactory dysfunction (P = .002). No significant association was found between COVID-19 severity level and olfactory alteration (P = .056). However, a direct association was found between COVID-19 severity and age (P = .003), cough (P < .001), and respiratory distress (P = .003). CONCLUSION This study did not find any association between the severity of COVID-19 and olfactory dysfunction. It showed a low incidence rate of smell alteration compared with studies from other regions. Moreover, smell alteration was associated with younger age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olenka Alcas
- Service of Otolaryngology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins - HNERM, Lima, Perú
| | - Diego Saldaña
- Service of Otolaryngology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins - HNERM, Lima, Perú
| | - Andy Triveño
- Service of Otolaryngology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins - HNERM, Lima, Perú
| | - Miguel Salazar
- Service of Otolaryngology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins - HNERM, Lima, Perú
| | - Paola Mejía
- Departament of Emergency, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins - HNERM, Lima, Perú
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Liu M, Ma R, Cao X, Zhang H, Zhou S, Jiang W, Jiang Y, Sun J, Yang Q, Li X, Sun Y, Shi L, Wang M, Song X, Chen F, Zhang X, Wei H, Yu S, Zhu D, Ba L, Cao Z, Xiao X, Wei X, Lin Z, Chen F, Shan C, Wang G, Ye J, Qu S, Zhao C, Wang Z, Li H, Liu F, Cui X, Ye S, Liu Z, Xu Y, Cai X, Huang W, Zhang R, Zhao Y, Yu G, Shi G, Lu M, Shen Y, Zhao Y, Pei J, Xie S, Yu L, Liu Y, Gu S, Yang Y, Cheng L, liu J. Incidence and prognosis of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain infection in China: A national multicenter survey of 35,566 individuals. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 10:113-120. [PMID: 38855290 PMCID: PMC11156687 DOI: 10.1002/wjo2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the epidemiology of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to COVID-19 in China. Methods This study was conducted by 45 tertiary Grade-A hospitals in China. Online and offline questionnaire data were obtained from patients infected with COVID-19 between December 28, 2022, and February 21, 2023. The collected information included basic demographics, medical history, smoking and drinking history, vaccination history, changes in olfactory and gustatory functions before and after infection, and other postinfection symptoms, as well as the duration and improvement status of olfactory and gustatory disorders. Results Complete questionnaires were obtained from 35,566 subjects. The overall incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunction was 67.75%. Being female or being a cigarette smoker increased the likelihood of developing olfactory and taste dysfunction. Having received four doses of the vaccine or having good oral health or being a alcohol drinker decreased the risk of such dysfunction. Before infection, the average olfactory and taste VAS scores were 8.41 and 8.51, respectively; after infection, they decreased to 3.69 and 4.29 and recovered to 5.83 and 6.55 by the time of the survey. The median duration of dysosmia and dysgeusia was 15 and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% of patients having symptoms lasting for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate was 59.16%. Recovery was higher in males, never smokers, those who received two or three vaccine doses, and those that had never experienced dental health issues, or chronic accompanying symptoms. Conclusions The incidence of dysosmia and dysgeusia following infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus is high in China. Incidence and prognosis are influenced by several factors, including sex, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, history of head-facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking and drinking history, and the persistence of accompanying symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐Fan Liu
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Rui‐Xia Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe First People′s Hospital of YinchuanYinchuanChina
| | - Xian‐Bao Cao
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyThe First People′s Hospital of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Shui‐Hong Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Wei‐Hong Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryXiangya Hospital Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Jing‐Wu Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCHefeiChina
| | - Qin‐Tai Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xue‐Zhong Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Ya‐Nan Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryPeking University People′s HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xi‐Cheng Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Fu‐Quan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi′anChina
| | - Xiao‐Shu Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionLanzhouChina
| | - Hong‐Quan Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Shao‐Qing Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dong‐Dong Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Luo Ba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryXizang Autonomous Region People′s HospitalLasaChina
| | - Zhi‐Wei Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xu‐Ping Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryHunan Provincial People′s HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryHainan General HospitalHaikouChina
| | - Zhi‐Hong Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Feng‐Hong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chun‐Guang Shan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Guang‐Ke Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryHenan Provincial People′s HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Shen‐Hong Qu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People′s HospitalNanningChina
| | - Chang‐Qing Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryShanxi Medical University Affiliated Second HospitalTaiyuanChina
| | - Zhen‐Lin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, XuanWu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hua‐Bin Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiao‐Bo Cui
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Sheng‐Nan Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiao Cai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryQinghai Provincial People′s HospitalXiningChina
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryTianjin Huanhu HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Ru‐Xin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryHuadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yu‐Lin Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Guo‐Dong Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Guang‐Gang Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial HospitalAffiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
| | - Mei‐Ping Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Clinical Allergy Center, The First Affiliated HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yu‐Tong Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe First People′s Hospital of YinchuanYinchuanChina
| | - Jia‐Hong Pei
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyThe First People′s Hospital of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
| | - Shao‐Bing Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryXiangya Hospital Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Long‐Gang Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Ye‐Hai Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Shao‐Wei Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yu‐Cheng Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Clinical Allergy Center, The First Affiliated HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jian‐Feng liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina
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5
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Chukhrova N, Plate O, Johannssen A. Monitoring epidemic processes under political measures. Stat Med 2024; 43:2122-2160. [PMID: 38487994 DOI: 10.1002/sim.10042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Statistical modeling of epidemiological curves to capture the course of epidemic processes and to implement a signaling system for detecting significant changes in the process is a challenging task, especially when the process is affected by political measures. As previous monitoring approaches are subject to various problems, we develop a practical and flexible tool that is well suited for monitoring epidemic processes under political measures. This tool enables monitoring across different epochs using a single statistical model that constantly adapts to the underlying process, and therefore allows both retrospective and on-line monitoring of epidemic processes. It is able to detect essential shifts and to identify anomaly conditions in the epidemic process, and it provides decision-makers a reliable method for rapidly learning from trends in the epidemiological curves. Moreover, it is a tool to evaluate the effectivity of political measures and to detect the transition from pandemic to endemic. This research is based on a comprehensive COVID-19 study on infection rates under political measures in line with the reporting of the Robert Koch Institute covering the entire period of the pandemic in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Chukhrova
- Faculty of Engineering, The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Oskar Plate
- Faculty of Business Administration, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Johannssen
- Faculty of Business Administration, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Bouhadfane M, Monfardini E, Loundou A, Roy P, Martin F, Boufercha R, Bajon F, Beque C, Villa A, Lehucher-Michel MP. Correlation between unproven therapies and delayed return-to-work for COVID-19-infected healthcare workers. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2024; 79:45-56. [PMID: 38767268 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2024.2353264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate factors influencing the time to return to work (RTW) of HealthCare Workers (HCW) infected with COVID-19 during the initial wave of the pandemic in a southern French university hospital. Data collection of 170 HCW (between March 16 to June 1, 2020) included demographic and professional information, clinical profiles, comorbidities, medical management, therapies and RT-PCR results. The mean time to RTW was 15.6 days. Multivariate analyses revealed that the time to RTW was shorter among laboratory and emergency workers, while it was longer for HCW aged 40 to 49 years, at higher risk of severe illness, with a delayed negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR or those treated with azithromycin and/or hydroxychloroquine. This study highlights diverse factors affecting HCW RTW post-COVID-19 infection, underscoring the importance of exercising caution in administering unproven therapies to HCW during the early stages of a novel infectious pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pierre Roy
- APHM, Service de Médecine et Santé au Travail, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Martin
- APHM, Service de Médecine et Santé au Travail, Marseille, France
| | - Rafika Boufercha
- APHM, Service de Médecine et Santé au Travail, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Bajon
- APHM, Service de Médecine et Santé au Travail, Marseille, France
| | - Christine Beque
- APHM, Service de Médecine et Santé au Travail, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Villa
- APHM, Service de Médecine et Santé au Travail, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, CEReSS, Marseille, France
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Okrzeja J, Sołomacha S, Alimowski M, Sowa P, Dubatówka M, Łapińska M, Kiszkiel Ł, Szczerbiński Ł, Laskowski PP, Czupryna P, Kubas B, Garkowski A, Kamiński KA, Moniuszko-Malinowska A. Assessment of smell disturbances 6 months after COVID-19 in Polish population. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11251. [PMID: 38755270 PMCID: PMC11099038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the frequency and severity of olfactory disorders associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, attention to the olfactory loss has expanded. The aim of our study was to assess of smell disturbances 6 months after COVID-19. The study population consisted of 2 groups: 196 Post-COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized because of COVID-19, control sample-130 patients without reported smell disorders from general population-Bialystok PLUS study. People from both groups were asked to participate in the Sniffin Sticks Test (half year after the disease). Sniffin Sticks Test consisted of 12 standardized smell samples. The participant's test score was counted based on correct scent recognition. Middle/older age was related with lower likelihood of olfaction recovery. The biggest differences in recognition of particular fragrances were observed for: orange and lemon, lemon and coffee (p.adj < 0.001). Patients had the greatest problem in assessing smell of lemon. The comparison of scores between Delta, Omicron, Wild Type, Wild Type Alpha waves showed statistically significant difference between Delta and Wild Type waves (p = 0.006). Duration of the disease (r = 0.218), age (r = -0.253), IL-6 (r = -0.281) showed significant negative correlations with the score. Statistically significant variables in the case of smell disorders were Omicron wave (CI = 0.045-0.902; P = 0.046) and Wild Type wave (CI = 0.135-0.716; P = 0.007) compared to Delta wave reference. Moreover, patients with PLT count below 150 000/μl had greater olfactory disorders than those with PLT count over 150 000/μl. There are: smell differences between post-COVID-19 patients and healthy population; statistically significant difference between Delta and Wild Type waves in Post-COVID-19 group in score of the Sniffin Sticks Test. Smell disturbances depend on the age, cognitive impairments, clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 disease and sex of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Okrzeja
- Medical University of Bialystok, Żurawia 14, 15-540, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Sołomacha
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Alimowski
- Doctoral School of Social Sciences, University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Sowa
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marlena Dubatówka
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Magda Łapińska
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kiszkiel
- Society and Cognition Unit, University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szczerbiński
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Czupryna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Bożena Kubas
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Garkowski
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Karol Adam Kamiński
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
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Cabrera CI, Hicks K, Rodriguez K, Gerka Stuyt JA, McComsey GA, D'Anza B. Comparison of the incidence of smell and taste disorders between influenza and COVID-19. Am J Otolaryngol 2024; 45:104176. [PMID: 38157588 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.104176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smell and taste disorders among patients with COVID-19 has become increasingly reported in the literature, however the prevalence varies. Post-infectious respiratory dysfunction has also been linked to influenza. In this study, we aimed to compare the rates of smell and taste disorders between COVID-19 and Influenza in unvaccinated patients. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING TriNetX research network. METHODS Two queries were made on 7/1/2023 to include Influenza without a diagnosis of COVID-19 and a COVID-19 without a diagnosis of Influenza. The queries included patients from January 1 to December 31, 2022 from 102 Healthcare Organizations. The resultant population of patients with ICD-10 codes for COVID-19 and Influenza were matched using demographic characteristics to evaluate the risk of smell disorders. RESULTS The overall 3-month incidence of smell and taste disorders was 0.73 % in the COVID-19 population and 0.1 % in the influenza population. The 3-month matched risk ratios were 11.1 [95 % CI (8.8,13.8)]; p < 0.001) times higher for disorders of the smell and taste secondary to COVID-19 compared to influenza. CONCLUSIONS Disorders of the smell and taste are more common among patients with COVID-19 compared to patients with Influenza. Beyond smell loss, patients experience additional nasal and sinus-related rhinological symptoms, pointing to COVID-19's and influenza's wider impact on overall rhinological health. We believe that due to the transient nature of these disorders, they might go underreported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia I Cabrera
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kayla Hicks
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth Rodriguez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - John A Gerka Stuyt
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Grace A McComsey
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Center for Clinical Research, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brian D'Anza
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA. Brian.D'
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Campeanu AT, Rus M, Ispas S, Herlo A, Craciun A, Ionescu C, Banariu GM, Cambrea CS, Nicolae M, Nelson-Twakor A, Dumitru IM. Prevalence and association of oral manifestations with disease severity in patients diagnosed with COVID‑19: A cross‑sectional study. MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2024; 4:30. [PMID: 38660127 PMCID: PMC11040283 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2024.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Systemic disorders may exhibit early signs when conducting an oral examination. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, several studies have been published detailing the direct impact of the virus on the oral cavity. The present study aimed to determine whether indeed there are any significant disparities in oropharyngeal manifestations between individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and a control group, and whether the virus has the ability to invade and reproduce inside oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts, resulting in the development of oral ulcerations and superficial lesions. The present study provides an overview of the symptoms that occur at an early stage of the illness, and the most commonly affected regions of the oral cavity, including the tongue, lips, palate and oropharynx are examined. In the present retrospective study, 52 patients infected with COVID-19 were recruited between April, 2021 and October, 2022. In addition, 52 individuals who tested negative for the virus were recruited as the control group. The study was conducted through a thorough examination and questionnaire provided to all participants. The results revealed that among the cohort of patients from the COVID-19 group examined (n=52), a proportion (mean, 16.15) displayed oral manifestations. Specifically, 75% of the patients in the COVID-19 group described oral cavity pain, and 69% of these patients had changes in teeth color or dental caries. In summary, in relation to the control group, the prevalence of oropharyngeal symptoms was generally lower compared to the COVID-19 group, apart from oral cavity pain (30.8%), tonsillitis (17.3%), bleeding (34.6%), teeth color changes (36.5%), recurrence (15.4%) and abscesses (7.7%). Thus, on the whole, the patients without COVID-19 had fewer oral manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana-Teodora Campeanu
- General Directorate of Social Assistance and Child Protection, 900178 Constanta, Romania
- Department of PhD Research, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Mihaela Rus
- Faculty of Law and Administrative Science, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Sorina Ispas
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Alexandra Herlo
- Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Aurora Craciun
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Constantin Ionescu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Gheorghe-Mihail Banariu
- Department of PhD Research, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Claudia-Simona Cambrea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, 900178 Constanta, Romania
| | - Maria Nicolae
- Department of Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Andreea Nelson-Twakor
- Department of Internal Medicine, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Irina-Magdalena Dumitru
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, 900178 Constanta, Romania
- Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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10
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Deller M, Schriever VA, Hummel T. A Study on the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Aetiology of Paediatric Olfactory Dysfunction. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2024; 86:65-72. [PMID: 38621374 DOI: 10.1159/000537835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although previous studies have examined olfactory dysfunction in children, the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has certainly had an unprecedented effect on their olfaction, which could not be taken into consideration. The aim of this report was to present data on the epidemiology of olfactory dysfunction during the pandemic and compare this dataset with a pre-pandemic set. We hypothesized an increase in URTI-related olfactory dysfunction. METHODS Data of paediatric patients consulting a smell and taste clinic between March 2020 and June 2022 were retrospectively analysed. The frequency of major causes of olfactory dysfunction was examined and compared with three subsets of an older dataset. RESULTS A total of 52 patients were included in the analysis. Most children presented with olfactory dysfunction due to upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (52%). Congenital olfactory dysfunction was present in 34% of cases. Sinonasal disorders and idiopathic cases accounted for 6 and 4%, respectively, whereas head trauma was the least common cause (2%). This was in contrast with the results of the older set. The frequency of URTI-related olfactory dysfunction increased significantly. The frequency of head-trauma-related or congenital olfactory dysfunction showed marked reductions. There were no significant differences regarding the other aetiologies between our patient cohort and the three subsets. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in differences regarding the prevalence of aetiologies between our dataset and the subsets of pre-pandemic times. The surge of the frequency of URTI-related olfactory dysfunction may be ascribed to a novel pathomechanism involving sustentacular cells in the olfactory epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Deller
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,
| | - Valentin A Schriever
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Abteilung Neuropädiatrie Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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11
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Parreira LFS, Pinheiro SL, Fontana CE. Photobiomodulation in the Treatment of Dysgeusia in Patients with Long COVID: A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024; 42:215-224. [PMID: 38416635 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate local and systemic photobiomodulation (PBM) in patients with COVID-19-related dysgeusia, with the expectation of improving taste dysfunction. Background: PBM has garnered attention as a potential therapy in long COVID, a condition characterized by many persistent symptoms following the acute phase of COVID-19. Among these symptoms, dysgeusia, or altered taste perception, can significantly affect patients' quality of life. Emerging research suggests that PBM may hold promise in ameliorating dysgeusia by modulating cellular processes and reducing inflammation. Further clinical studies and randomized controlled trials are essential to establish the efficacy and safety of PBM for the treatment of dysgeusia in long COVID, but initial evidence suggests that this noninvasive modality may offer a novel avenue for symptom management. Methods: Seventy patients experiencing dysgeusia were randomly assigned to receive active local and systemic PBM (n = 34) or simulated PBM (n = 36). Low-power laser (red wavelength) was used at 18 spots on the lateral borders of the tongue (3 J per spot), salivary glands (parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands-3 J per spot), and over the carotid artery for 10 min (60 J). Alongside laser therapy, all patients in both groups received weekly olfactory therapy for up to 8 weeks. Results: Dysgeusia improved in both groups. At weeks 7 and 8, improvement scores were significantly higher in the PBM group than in the sham group (p = 0.048). Conclusions: Combined local and systemic PBM, as applied in this study, proved effective and could serve as a viable treatment option for alleviating dysgeusia in long-COVID patients. Clinical Trial Registration: RBR-2mfbkkk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Fernandes Sobreira Parreira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luiz Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fontana
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
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12
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Shimizu S, Nakayama M, Nguyen CT, Ishigaki H, Kitagawa Y, Yasui F, Yagi Y, Kusayanagi T, Kohara M, Itoh Y, Tojima I, Kouzaki H, Shimizu T. SARS-CoV-2 induces inflammation and intracranial infection through the olfactory epithelium-olfactory bulb pathway in non-human primates. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 387:578288. [PMID: 38237527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
We examined the histopathological changes in the olfactory mucosa of cynomolgus and rhesus macaque models of SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 infection induced severe inflammatory changes in the olfactory mucosa. A major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule, HLA-DR was expressed in macrophage and supporting cells, and melanocytes were increased in olfactory mucosa. Supporting cells and olfactory neurons were infected, and SARS-CoV-2 N protein was detected in the axons of olfactory neurons and in olfactory bulbs. Viral RNA was detected in olfactory bulbs and brain tissues. The olfactory epithelium-olfactory bulb pathway may be important as a route for intracranial infection by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Shimizu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Misako Nakayama
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Cong Thanh Nguyen
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hirohito Ishigaki
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kitagawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Yasui
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Itoh
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tojima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kouzaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Nagi RS, Singh SP, Mahajan P. The Lingering Effects of COVID-19: The Psychological State and Quality of Life of Patients with Persistent Loss of Smell and Taste. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:1373-1374. [PMID: 38440551 PMCID: PMC10908649 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant number of individuals experiencing the loss of smell and taste, medically known as anosmia and ageusia, respectively. While many patients recover these senses during the post-acute phase of the illness, a subset of individuals continues to suffer from anosmia and ageusia even after recovering from COVID-19. This article aims to explore the psychological state of COVID patients who have not regained their sense of smell and taste post-recovery, highlighting the potential impact on their mental health and overall well-being. To accomplish this, a comprehensive review of existing literature on the topic has been conducted, analyzing studies and reports that shed light on the psychological consequences of unrecovered anosmia and ageusia in COVID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Singh Nagi
- Dept. of ENT & Head Neck Surgery, GMC, 131-E Ranjit Avenue, Amritsar, Punjab India
| | - Satinder Pal Singh
- Dept. of ENT & Head Neck Surgery GMC, H. NO, 4580, Bhalla Colony, Amritsar, Punjab India
| | - Piyush Mahajan
- Dept. of Psychiatry, SGRHUHS, H. NO. 522, Basant Avenue, Amritsar, Punjab India
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14
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Grote H, Hoffmann A, Kerzel S, Lukasik H, Maier C, Mallon C, Schlegtendal A, Schwarzbach M, van Ackeren K, Volkenstein S, Brinkmann F. Subjective Smell Disturbances in Children with Sars-Cov-2 or Other Viral Infections do not Correspond with Olfactory Test Results. KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2024; 236:129-138. [PMID: 38262421 DOI: 10.1055/a-2208-6245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory dysfunction associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in children has not been verified by a validated olfactory test. We aimed to determine whether these complaints are objectifiable (test-based hyposmia), how often they occur during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to other upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), as well as in children recovered from COVID-19 compared to children with long COVID. METHODS Olfactory testing (U-sniff test; hyposmia<8 points) and survey-based symptom assessments were performed in 434 children (5-17 years; 04/2021-06/2022). 186 symptom-free children served as controls. Of the children with symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection, SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results were positive in 45 and negative in 107 children (URTI group). Additionally, 96 children were recruited at least 4 weeks (17.6±15.2 weeks) after COVID-19, of whom 66 had recovered and 30 had developed long COVID. RESULTS Compared to controls (2.7%), hyposmia frequency was increased in all other groups (11-17%, p<0.05), but no between-group differences were observed. Only 3/41 children with hyposmia reported complaints, whereas 13/16 children with complaints were normosmic, with the largest proportion being in the long-COVID group (23%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION Questionnaires are unsuitable for assessing hyposmia frequency in children. Olfactory complaints and hyposmia are not specific for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The number of complaints in the long-COVID group could result from aversive olfactory perception, which is undetectable with the U-sniff test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Grote
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruhr University of Bochum Faculty of Medicine, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University Children's Hospital Regensburg at Campus St. Hedwig, University Regensburg, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna Hoffmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruhr University of Bochum Faculty of Medicine, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kerzel
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University Children's Hospital Regensburg at Campus St. Hedwig, University Regensburg, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Lukasik
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Ruhr University of Bochum Faculty of Medicine, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Maier
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruhr University of Bochum Faculty of Medicine, Bochum, Germany
| | - Claire Mallon
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruhr University of Bochum Faculty of Medicine, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anne Schlegtendal
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruhr University of Bochum Faculty of Medicine, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michaela Schwarzbach
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruhr University of Bochum Faculty of Medicine, Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstantin van Ackeren
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Ruhr University of Bochum Faculty of Medicine, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Volkenstein
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Ruhr University of Bochum Faculty of Medicine, Bochum, Germany
| | - Folke Brinkmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruhr University of Bochum Faculty of Medicine, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research, Lübeck, Germany
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15
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Kasim MF, Abbas AM. Evaluation of Olfactory Dysfunction Among COVID-19 Patients in Baghdad, Iraq. Cureus 2024; 16:e53721. [PMID: 38455837 PMCID: PMC10919444 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background SARS‑CoV‑2 (COVID-19) causes olfactory dysfunction which is characterized by anosmia or hyposmia. Characterization of olfactory dysfunction has added value to the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Nevertheless, scarce information exists about COVID-19 patients suffering from olfactory dysfunction in Iraq. This study aimed to identify olfactory dysfunction (anosmia or hyposmia) in Iraqi COVID-19 patients and examine their response to smell exercise at Baghdad Medical City Complex, Baghdad, Iraq. Methodology This case series prospective study involving 300 patients (160 males and 140 females) with COVID-19 infection was conducted from June 1, 2020, to October 1, 2021. We recorded signs and symptoms of COVID-19 among patients by examining olfactory dysfunction, n-butanol olfaction test, and smell test exercise. Results Anosmia and hyposmia were found in 69.3% and 30.7% of the patients, respectively; of these, 65.7% were of sudden onset. The association between olfactory dysfunction and smoking was not significant. The most frequent signs and symptoms of COVID-19 were fatigue, fever, loss of taste, myalgia, headache, sore throat, cough, depressed appetite, dyspnea, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The highest frequencies of occurrence of anosmia (30.7%) and hyposmia (13.3%) were in the age group of 31-40 years. The majority (47.7%) of patients with olfactory dysfunction recovered within one month of COVID-19 onset. The rest of the patients recovered within one month to 16 months. The most commonly encountered ear, nose, and throat symptoms were nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, and facial/ear pain. The percentages of patients with anosmia and hyposmia recovering with smell exercise were significant at 64.7% and 25.3%, respectively. Conclusions The prognosis of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients was good as most cases recovered within a short period with concomitant smell exercise. Olfactory dysfunction in the majority of COVID-19 patients was self-limiting in young age groups, albeit in association with the non-severity of the disease. Being an important public health issue, examining olfactory dysfunction aspects should be considered in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment protocols of COVID-19 patients. In-depth exploration is needed to examine olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in patients suffering from severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azzam M Abbas
- Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad and Martyr Ghazi Al-Hariri Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Medical City, Baghdad, IRQ
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16
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Błażejewski G, Witkoś J, Hartman-Petrycka M. Changes in sensitivity and hedonic rating to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation following COVID-19. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1233. [PMID: 38216666 PMCID: PMC10786926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 affects not only the respiratory system but also other biological systems such as the nervous system. Usually, these changes are reported based on the patient's subjective description. The aim of our study, therefore, was to objectively determine the effect that the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease has on sensory threshold and the hedonic and subjective perception of an electrical stimulus. The sensory threshold was tested on the inner forearm by applying non-invasive transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) with 100 Hz and 100 µs parameters and a biphasic current waveform. The study involved 211 participants, aged 22-79 years, with a mean age of 56.9 ± 12.1 years. There were 131 subjects in the COVID group, while the NON-COVID group, the control group, was matched to the COVID group in terms of gender, age, body mass index and presence of chronic diseases. The research was carried out in 2022. Sensory sensitivity was highest in the group that had suffered with COVID-19. The median sensory sensitivity was 11 mA in the COVID group and 14 mA (p < 0.001) in the NON-COVID group, however, the current sensitivity threshold decreased over time (R = 0.52, p < 0.001). Post COVID-19, the electrical stimulus was more often perceived as unpleasant: COVID versus NON-COVID (23% vs. 3%, p < 0.001) and as a different sensation to tingling (27% vs. 2%, p < 0.001). Post-COVID-19 patients have a lower sensory threshold, the electrical stimulus is more often described as unpleasant and in subjective feelings it is more often described as pinching. The differences between COVID and NON-COVID decrease with time since the onset of COVID symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Błażejewski
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Joanna Witkoś
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Hartman-Petrycka
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Kumar SA, Selvaa Kumar C, Dsouza N. Bitter taste receptors establish a stable binding affinity with the SARS-CoV-2-spike 1 protein akin to ACE2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38189335 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2300128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus, which originated in Wuhan, China, resulting in the highest worldwide mortality rate. Gustatory dysfunction is common among individuals infected with the Wild-type Wuhan strain. However, there are no reported cases of gustatory dysfunction among patients infected with the mutant delta variant. The reason behind this remains elusive to date. This in-silico-based study aims to unravel this clinical factor by evaluating the overall binding affinity of predominant bitter taste receptors associated with gustatory function (T2R-4, 10, 14, 19, 31, 38, 43, and 46) with the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of spike 1 (S1) protein of Wuhan (Wild)/delta-SARS-CoV-2 (mut1-T478K; mut2-E484K) variants. Based on docking and MM/PBSA free binding energy scores, the Wild RBD showed a stronger interaction with T2R-46 compared to the ACE2 protein. However, both delta variant mutants (mut1 and mut2) could not establish a stronger binding affinity with bitter taste receptor proteins, except for T2R-43 against mut1. In conclusion, the delta variants could not establish a better binding affinity with bitter taste receptors, contradicting the Wild variant that determines the severity of gustatory dysfunction among patients exposed to the delta and Wild SARS-CoV-2 variants. The study's inference also proposes T2R-46 as an alternate binding receptor target for RBD-S1 of Wild SARS-CoV-2, augmenting its virulence in all functional organs with compromised α-gustducin interaction and bitter sensitization. This in-silico-based study needs further wet-lab-based validation for a better understanding of the role of T2R-46-based viral entry in the human host.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Arun Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Technology, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - C Selvaa Kumar
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D. Y. Patil Deemed to Be University, Sector-15, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Norine Dsouza
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College, Mumbai, India
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Imène K, Mohamed K, Amal G, Mohamed A, Asma C, Asma A, Wael K, Kalboussi H, Olfa EM, Walid N, Maher M, Nejib M. Olfactory Dysfunction in Healthcare Workers with COVID-19: Prevalence and Associated Factors. RECENT ADVANCES IN INFLAMMATION & ALLERGY DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 18:67-77. [PMID: 37867280 DOI: 10.2174/0127722708249126231006061438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic is a real global health crisis. Its clinical presentation has evolved over time with an increasing number of symptoms. Olfactory dysfunction (OD) has recently been recognized as a frequent symptom relevant to screening for COVID-19, especially in pauci-asymptomatic forms. However, the underlying mechanisms of OD are not yet fully understood. AIM To determine the prevalence of OD in healthcare workers with SARS-CoV-2 and to identify its associated factors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional, analytical study, carried out during a period of six months and including all healthcare workers at Farhat Hached Academic Hospital (Tunisia) who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 by PCR, RAT, or chest CT scan. RESULTS A total of 474 healthcare workers were included, representing a participation rate of 85.4%. The mean age was 41.02±10.67 years with a sex ratio of 0.2. The distribution of this population by department noted that it was mainly maternity (13.9%). The most presented workstation was nursing (31.4%). OD represented 39.2% of the reasons for consultation. Hospitalization was indicated in 16 patients (3.4%). The average duration of hospitalization was 8.87 ± 7.8 days. The average time off work was 17.04 ± 11.6 days. OD persisted for more than 90 days in 35 patients (7.4%). After multiple binary logistic regression, OD was statistically associated with female gender (p =0.001; OR 95% CI: 2.46 [1.4-4.2]) and blue-collar occupational category (p =0.002; OR IC95%:3.1 [1.5-6.5]). A significant association was also noted between OD and professional seniority and absence from work duration (p =0.019; OR 95% CI: 0.97 [0.95-0.99] and p =0.03; OR 95% CI: 0.97 [0.95-0.99]) respectively. CONCLUSION OD is common in COVID-19 patients. The identification of its associated factors may contribute to enhancing the understanding of its mechanism and drive therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacem Imène
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Kahloul Mohamed
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital Sahloul, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ghenim Amal
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ajmi Mohamed
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital Sahloul, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Chouchane Asma
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Aloui Asma
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Khalefa Wael
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - H Kalboussi
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - El Maalel Olfa
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Naija Walid
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital Sahloul, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Maoua Maher
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mrizak Nejib
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
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19
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Kılıçarslan O, Çebi AY, Uçar D. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and peripapillary vasculature of post-COVID-19 patients with and without olfactory/gustatory dysfunction symptoms. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2024; 14:102-107. [PMID: 38654983 PMCID: PMC11034685 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo-d-22-00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to compare retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and peripapillary vessel density values between COVID-19 patients with or without olfactory/gustatory dysfunction symptoms and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated RNFL and radial peripapillary capillary vessel density (RPC-VD) values of 41 patients who had COVID-19 history and age- and gender-matched control group including 31 healthy individuals with optical coherence tomography angiography. First, post-COVID-19 group's and control group's RNFL and RPC-VD values were compared, then post-COVID-19 patients were divided into subgroups according to the presence (subgroup-A) and absence (subgroup-B) of olfactory/gustatory dysfunction symptoms, and same parameters were analyzed for subgroups. RESULTS Forty-one eyes of 41 post-COVID-19 patients and 31 eyes of 31 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional study. In RNFL analysis, inferior sector thickness was found significantly lower in post-COVID-19 patients by comparison with control group (P = 0.041). In subgroup analyses, COVID-19 patients who first presented with olfactory/gustatory dysfunction symptoms had higher peripapillary and whole image optic disc capillary density (P = 0.011 and P = 0.002) compared to those who had not had these symptoms. CONCLUSION Lower RPC-VD and RNFL thickness were detected in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls. Higher Disc-VD values were found in COVID-19 patients with chemosensorial dysfunction (CSD) symptoms compared to those who had not had these symptoms probably due to milder disease course in COVID-19 with CSD. Sectorial RNFL attenuation in COVID-19 might have occurred secondary to peripapillary capillary circulation defect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Didar Uçar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Hu W, Meng L, Wang C, Lu W, Tong X, Lin R, Xu T, Chen L, Cui A, Xu X, Li A, Tang J, Gao H, Pei Z, Zhang R, Wang Y, Wang Y, Han W, Jiang N, Xiong C, Feng Y, Lee K, Chen M. Spatiotemporal observations of host-pathogen interactions in mucosa during SARS-CoV-2 infection indicate a protective role of ILC2s. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0087823. [PMID: 37937994 PMCID: PMC10714800 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00878-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Our study revealed the spatial interaction between humanized ACE2 and pseudovirus expressing Spike, emphasizing the role of type 2 innate lymphoid cells during the initial phase of viral infection. These findings provide a foundation for the development of mucosal vaccines and other treatment approaches for both pre- and post-infection management of coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Meng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhan Lu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tong
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - An Cui
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anni Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongru Gao
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenle Pei
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yicong Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wendong Han
- Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglong Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuinyu Lee
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingquan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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21
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de Almeida DV, Cezar PA, Fernandes TFB, Schwarz MGA, Mendonça-Lima L, Giacoia-Gripp CBW, Côrtes FH, Lindenmeyer Guimarães M, Pilotto JH, De Sá NBR, Cazote ADS, Gomes LR, Quintana MDSB, Ribeiro-Alves M, Coelho LE, Geraldo KM, Ribeiro MPD, Cardoso SW, Grinsztejn B, Veloso VG, Morgado MG. The impact of early anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody production on the length of hospitalization stay among COVID-19 patients. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0095923. [PMID: 37811977 PMCID: PMC10715214 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00959-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The study provides valuable insights into the sociodemographic characteristics, clinical outcomes, and humoral immune response of those affected by the virus that has devastated every field of human life since 2019; the COVID-19 patients. Firstly, the association among clinical manifestations, comorbidities, and the production of neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) against SARS-CoV-2 is explored. Secondly, varying levels of Nabs among patients are revealed, and a significant correlation between the presence of Nabs and a shorter duration of hospitalization is identified, which highlights the potential role of Nabs in predicting clinical outcomes. Lastly, a follow-up conducted 7 months later demonstrates the progression and persistence of Nabs production in recovered unvaccinated individuals. The study contributes essential knowledge regarding the characteristics of the study population, the early humoral immune response, and the dynamics of Nabs production over time. These findings have significant implications for understanding the immune response to COVID-19 and informing clinical management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalziza Victalina de Almeida
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila Alves Cezar
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Gustavo Araujo Schwarz
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leila Mendonça-Lima
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Heloise Côrtes
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monick Lindenmeyer Guimarães
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose Henrique Pilotto
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Beatriz Ramos De Sá
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andressa da Silva Cazote
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Larissa Rodrigues Gomes
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS)/Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Inovação em Doenças Negligenciadas da População (INCT-IDPN), FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lara Esteves Coelho
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kim Mattos Geraldo
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Pia Diniz Ribeiro
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra Wagner Cardoso
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valdiléa G Veloso
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariza Gonçalves Morgado
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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22
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Kuhls LJ, Demiri J, Weidlich A, Weidlich S, Trinkaus J, Steinbrink K, Augustin M, Tsianakas A. Learning from the Experiences in the COVID-19 Pandemic - Impact on Quality of Life and Challenges for the Staff of a Dermatological Hospital and Rehabilitation Center in Germany: A Retrospective Analysis. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:3279-3290. [PMID: 38021425 PMCID: PMC10655726 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s429065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose During the COVID-19 pandemic, infections could also be detected among the staff and patients of the dermatological hospital Bad Bentheim (Germany). This retrospective analysis aims to better understand the impact of the pandemic on health care workers. The results could help improve future pandemic plans and measures to protect health care workers. Patients and Methods In 2020, the whole staff (460 participants) of the dermatological hospital Bad Bentheim had been offered the option to be tested with respect to the antibody status on SARS-CoV-2 (IgG, IgM). The data were collected by means of a blood sample and subsequent questionnaires (22 questions for employees with positive SARS-CoV-2 serology) regarding disease severity, symptoms, disease duration, chains of infection, psychological and physical burden. Both groups were divided by positive or negative serology and data analysis was performed using an independent t-test. Results It was shown that a COVID-19 Infection clinically presented itself as a respiratory tract infection, differed significantly in severity and duration, but also the long-term consequences in employees with proven COVID-19 disease (n=14, 3.7%) from the employees with non-COVID-19 respiratory diseases (33.6% of the seronegative employees). In addition, there was a significant psychological impairment and burden of COVID-19-affected employees. Our study showed unique insights into infection chains, disease courses, disease severity, symptoms and a significant psychological impairment and burden of COVID-19-affected employees among the COVID-19 positive staff. Conclusion Our study shows deep insights into infection chains, disease courses, disease severity and symptoms among the COVID-19 positive staff and led to change of behavior with the disease itself and among the health care professionals. This knowledge has the potential to positively influence the handling of similar future events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Julius Kuhls
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Fachklinik Bad Bentheim, Bad Bentheim, Germany
| | - Jeta Demiri
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Fachklinik Bad Bentheim, Bad Bentheim, Germany
| | - Adam Weidlich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Fachklinik Bad Bentheim, Bad Bentheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Weidlich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Fachklinik Bad Bentheim, Bad Bentheim, Germany
| | - Janin Trinkaus
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Fachklinik Bad Bentheim, Bad Bentheim, Germany
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Augustin
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Athanasios Tsianakas
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Fachklinik Bad Bentheim, Bad Bentheim, Germany
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23
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Reiter ER, Coelho DH, French E, Costanzo RM. COVID-19-Associated Chemosensory Loss Continues to Decline. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 169:1386-1389. [PMID: 37232470 PMCID: PMC10615675 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chemosensory losses have long been considered a cardinal symptom of COVID-19 infection. Recent studies have shown changing symptom profiles with COVID-19, including decreasing incidence of olfactory losses. We accessed the National COVID Cohort Collaborative database to identify patients with and without smell and taste loss within 2 weeks of COVID-19 diagnosis. Peak prevalence time intervals for variants were determined from Covariants.org. Using rates of chemosensory loss during the peak time interval for "Untyped" variants as baseline (4/27/2020-6/18/2020), odds ratios for COVID-19-associated smell or taste disturbance fell for each of the Alpha (0.744), Delta (0.637), Omicron K (0.139), Omicron L (0.079), Omicron C (0.061), and Omicron B (0.070) peak intervals. These data suggest that during the recent Omicron waves and potentially moving forward, the presence or absence of smell and taste disturbances may no longer have predictive value in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan R Reiter
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel H Coelho
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Evan French
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Richard M Costanzo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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24
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AlEnazi AS, Alharbi MA, Althomaly DH, Ashoor MMS, Alwazzeh MJ, Halawani RT, Buohliqah LA, Telmesani LM. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, evaluation and the impact on quality of life among COVID-19 patients: a multi-centre study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:5403-5409. [PMID: 37915638 PMCID: PMC10617925 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are frequently reported symptoms among COVID-19 patients. However, several reports suggested that there might be significant variation in the prevalence and clinical picture of chemosensory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients among different population. Objective To study the prevalence of chemosensory dysfunction, recovery time and its impact on quality of life (QoL) among COVID-19 patients in Saudi population. Methods This multi-centre observational study was conducted at three COVID-19 centres in Saudi Arabia. Epidemiological and clinical data were extracted at baseline and within the 2-month post-infection. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions were assessed via valid taste and smell questionnaire, electronically collected via online survey. Short version of questionnaire of Olfactory disorders-negative statements (sQOD-NS) was used to assess the impact on QoL. Result Total 1734 patients [926 males and 808 females, the mean age of patients was 37.7±11.6 years] with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 were recruited for this study. Chemosensory dysfunction was reported in 56.5% cases. olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions were significantly high in females (66.2%) and age group younger than or equal to 40 years (62.2%). Among patients with olfactory dysfunction and gustatory dysfunction, recovery rate was 757 (77.2%) and 702 (71.6%). Furthermore, the recovery time was within 8 days of onset of symptoms in 53.6% and 61.3% of olfactory dysfunction and gustatory dysfunction cases, respectively. Overall mean QoL score indicated Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction has significant impact on QoL [11.3±6.2 (P value<0.001)]. female as compared to males (12.8±7). Females had significant impact on QoL (11.4±6.6) as compared to males [12.8±7 (P value<0.001)]. Conclusion Chemosensory dysfunction among Saudi population was comparable to the European data and significantly higher than Asian supporting the fact that these symptoms vary as per ethnicity. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction significantly impaired QoL and could present as an early symptom of COVID-19. Recovery rate of these symptoms can serve as a good prognostic data for patient's counselling. Further long-term follow-up studies would lead to better understanding of prognosis and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marwan Jaber Alwazzeh
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam
| | - Roa Talal Halawani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery ,Ohud General Hospital, Ministry of Health, AL Medina
| | - Lamia Abdulwahab Buohliqah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Qatif Center Hospital, Ministry of Health, AL Qatif, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Evman MD, Cetin ZE. Effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma on post-COVID chronic olfactory dysfunction. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e20230666. [PMID: 37909619 PMCID: PMC10610757 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20230666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma injection on the olfactory cleft of patients with post-COVID olfactory dysfunction lasting over 1 year, who were unresponsive to common treatments. METHODS Patients over 18 years of age with post-COVID olfactory dysfunction over 1 year whose complaints did not improve with intranasal steroids and D-panthenol/vitamin A combination nasal sprays with olfactory rehabilitation training for 1 month were prospectively collected and randomized into two groups: intranasal platelet-rich plasma group and control group. At the end of 1 month, Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center olfaction test scores of smell detection threshold and smell identification test were compared accordingly. RESULTS A total of 25 patients were randomized into platelet-rich plasma (n=12) and control (n=13) groups. In the platelet-rich plasma group, the mean smell detection threshold score increased from 5.63 (SD 0.68) to 6.46 (SD 0.45), and the mean smell identification test score increased from 11.42 (SD 1.17) to 15.17 (SD 0.39). In the control group, the mean smell detection threshold score changed from 5.69 (SD 0.66) to 5.77 (SD 0.70), and the mean smell identification test score changed from 11.20 (SD 1.12) to 11.85 (SD 1.57). Post-hoc analysis revealed that similar mean smell detection threshold (mean difference 0.07; p=0.994) and smell identification test (mean difference -0.50; p=0.703) scores were transformed into a significant difference between groups (smell detection threshold mean difference 0.69; p=0.037; smell identification test mean difference 3.32; p<0.001). CONCLUSION At the end of the first month, there was a significant improvement in olfactory threshold values in the platelet-rich plasma group compared to the control group. No side effect or adverse event related to platelet-rich plasma injection was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Demirag Evman
- Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery – Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Erdogan Cetin
- Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery – Istanbul, Turkey
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Vilarello BJ, Jacobson PT, Tervo JP, Gallagher LW, Caruana FF, Gary JB, Saak TM, Gudis DA, Joseph PV, Goldberg TE, Devanand D, Overdevest JB. BMI Increases in Individuals with COVID-19-Associated Olfactory Dysfunction. Nutrients 2023; 15:4538. [PMID: 37960191 PMCID: PMC10648323 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Reports suggest COVID-19-associated olfactory dysfunction (OD) may result in alterations in dietary behaviors and perceived weight change, but few studies using psychophysical evaluation of post-COVID-19-associated chemosensory dysfunction and body mass index (BMI) exist. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of both quantitative and qualitative features of COVID-19-associated OD on BMI; (2) Methods: Recruitment of thirty-one participants with self-reported OD in the form of quantitative loss with and without qualitative features. Surveys with questions specific to qualitative olfactory function, Sniffin' Sticks tests, and BMI measures were completed at two visits, one year apart. Group differences were assessed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and the Holm-Bonferroni method; (3) Results: Individuals with persistent quantitative OD (n = 15) and self-reported parosmia (n = 19) showed statistically significant increases in BMI after 1 year (p = 0.004, adjusted α = 0.0125; p = 0.011, adjusted α = 0.0167). Controls with transient quantitative OD (n = 16) and participants without self-reported parosmia (n = 12) showed no statistically significant changes in BMI over the same time period (p = 0.079, adjusted α = 0.05; p = 0.028, adjusted α = 0.025); (4) Conclusions: This study shows an association between COVID-19-associated OD and BMI, suggesting olfaction may play a role in altering dietary habits and nutrition in this population. Larger study cohorts are needed to further evaluate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. Vilarello
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Patricia T. Jacobson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jeremy P. Tervo
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Liam W. Gallagher
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Francesco F. Caruana
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joseph B. Gary
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tiana M. Saak
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David A. Gudis
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Paule V. Joseph
- National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism & National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Terry E. Goldberg
- Department of Psychiatry, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - D.P. Devanand
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jonathan B. Overdevest
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Lenharo M. New pill helps COVID smell and taste loss fade quickly. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03244-7. [PMID: 37853192 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
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Gupta A, Shrivastav K, Agrawal A, Purohit A, Chanchlani R. Estimating the prevalence of oral manifestations in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023; 14:388-417. [PMID: 37920896 PMCID: PMC10626325 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present with a variety of oral manifestations. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to estimate the prevalence of oral lesions among COVID-19 patients. METHODS An extensive literature search of several electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Litcovid) was conducted to retrieve all articles published in the English language from January 1, 2020 to March 31, 2023 that reported the prevalence of oral manifestations among COVID-19 patients. A meta-analysis of pooled prevalence was performed using Jamovi ver. 2.3 (2022). The I2 and Q statistics were used to assess heterogeneity between studies, and p-values <0.01 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS In total, 79 studies with data from 13,252 patients were included. The articles were predominantly published in 2020 (n=33), and Italy was the most common country (n=14). Most of the affected patients more than 50 years old and women (56.6%). The most common sites of involvement were the tongue (n=65), followed by the oral mucosa (n=37) and lips (n=19). High heterogeneity was found between studies. The most common oral manifestation was taste alteration, followed by xerostomia and ulceration, showing pooled prevalence rates of 48%, 35%, and 21%, respectively. CONCLUSION COVID-19 patients show various oral manifestations that may help clinicians identify the disease promptly. Recognition of the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 is critical for an early diagnosis and better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Gupta
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Kriti Shrivastav
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Department of Pediatrics, Gandhi Medical College and Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal, India
| | - Abhishek Purohit
- Department of Dentistry, Regional Training Center for Oral Health Promotion, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Roshan Chanchlani
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
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Schepens EJA, Kamalski DMA, Stegeman I. A Comparative Analysis of the Incidence, Severity and Duration of Smell and Taste Loss in COVID-19 Cases Versus Non-COVID-19 Cases: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6267. [PMID: 37834912 PMCID: PMC10573822 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the relevance of olfactory and gustatory disorders. However, these symptoms can also be caused by various other factors. In this study we aimed to compare the incidence, severity and duration between COVID-19 related and non-COVID-19 related smell and taste disorders. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study using data from the Dutch biobank Lifelines, which includes over 167,000 participants. The data were collected using 27 questionnaires distributed between March 2020 and May 2022. Descriptive data and the incidence of smell and taste loss in both groups were calculated. To visualize the proportion of severity rates of symptoms, a heatmap was created. A survival analysis was conducted and presented in a reversed Kaplan-Meier curve to show the probability of having persistent smell loss in both groups. The study included 235,722 participants. The incidence of smell loss was higher in the COVID-19 positive group, when compared to the COVID-19 negative group. We found varying degrees of symptom severity in COVID-19 positive cases, ranging from mild to severe, while non-COVID-19 related cases mostly reported mild symptoms. The survival outcome for smell and taste loss was 0.12 (SE 0.03, 95% CI 0.07-0.21) in COVID-19 related cases, and was 0.17 (SE 0.03, 95% CI 0.12-0.24) in cases related to other causes. This study reveals a higher incidence and severity of smell and taste loss in individuals with COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19 related cases. However, non-COVID-19 related smell and taste loss tend to have a longer duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J. A. Schepens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (D.M.A.K.); (I.S.)
- Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Digna M. A. Kamalski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (D.M.A.K.); (I.S.)
- Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Stegeman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (D.M.A.K.); (I.S.)
- Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Reme BA, Gjesvik J, Magnusson K. Predictors of the post-COVID condition following mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5839. [PMID: 37730740 PMCID: PMC10511472 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas the nature of the post-COVID condition following mild acute COVID-19 is increasingly well described in the literature, knowledge of its risk factors, and whether it can be predicted, remains limited. This study, conducted in Norway, uses individual-level register data from 214,667 SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals covering a range of demographic, socioeconomic factors, as well as cause-specific healthcare utilization in the years prior to infection to assess the risk of post-COVID complaints ≥3 months after testing positive. We find that the risk of post-COVID was higher among individuals who prior to infection had been diagnosed with psychological (OR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.84-2.44), respiratory (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.78-2.32), or general and unspecified health problems (OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.52-2.09). To assess the predictability of post-COVID after mild initial disease, we use machine learning methods and find that pre-infection characteristics, combined with information on the SARS-CoV-2 virus type and vaccine status, to a considerable extent (AUC = 0.79, 95% CI 0.75-0.81) could predict the occurrence of post-COVID complaints in our sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-A Reme
- Cluster for Health Services Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Health Management and Health Economics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - J Gjesvik
- Cluster for Health Services Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Breast Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Magnusson
- Cluster for Health Services Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Flamier A, Bisht P, Richards A, Tomasello DL, Jaenisch R. Human iPS cell-derived sensory neurons can be infected by SARS-CoV-2. iScience 2023; 26:107690. [PMID: 37680484 PMCID: PMC10480666 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has impacted billions of people since 2019 and unfolded a major healthcare crisis. With an increasing number of deaths and the emergence of more transmissible variants, it is crucial to better understand the biology of the disease-causing virus, the SARS-CoV-2. Peripheral neuropathies appeared as a specific COVID-19 symptom occurring at later stages of the disease. In order to understand the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the peripheral nervous system, we generated human sensory neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells that we infected with the SARS-CoV-2 strain WA1/2020 and the variants delta and omicron. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we found that human sensory neurons can be infected by SARS-CoV-2 but are unable to produce infectious viruses. Our data indicate that sensory neurons can be infected by the original WA1/2020 strain of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the delta and omicron variants, yet infectability differs between the original strain and the variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Flamier
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Punam Bisht
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Rudolf Jaenisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Satram S, Ghafoori P, Reyes CM, Keeley TJH, Birch HJ, Brintziki D, Aldinger M, Alexander E, Lopuski A, Sarkis EH, Gupta A, Shapiro AE, Powers JH. Assessment of symptoms in COMET-ICE, a phase 2/3 study of sotrovimab for early treatment of non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2023; 7:92. [PMID: 37702920 PMCID: PMC10499766 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-023-00621-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COMET-ICE trial demonstrated that sotrovimab clinically and statistically significantly reduces the risk of all-cause > 24-h hospitalization or death due to any cause among patients with COVID-19 at high risk of disease progression. Patient-reported outcomes are important to capture symptom burden of COVID-19 and assess treatment effectiveness. This study investigated symptoms and their impact over the acute phase of COVID-19 infection among patients on sotrovimab versus placebo. METHODS Randomized (1:1), double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled, phase 2/3 study in 57 centers across five countries. Participants were non-hospitalized patients with symptomatic, mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and ≥ 1 baseline risk factor for disease progression (aged ≥ 55 years or ≥ 1 of the following: diabetes requiring medication, obesity, chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or moderate-to-severe asthma). An intravenous infusion of sotrovimab 500 mg or placebo was administered on Day 1. The FLU-PRO Plus questionnaire was administered once-daily with 24-h recall from Day 1-21, and at Day 29. Intensity and duration of COVID-19 symptoms were determined from area under the curve (AUC) and mean change in total and individual domain scores through Days 7, 14, and 21. Time to symptom alleviation was assessed. RESULTS In total, 1057 patients were randomized to sotrovimab (n = 528) or placebo (n = 529). At Day 7, mean decrease in FLU-PRO Plus total score (measured by AUC) was statistically significantly greater for patients on sotrovimab (-3.05 [95% confidence interval (CI) -3.27 to -2.83]) than placebo (-1.98 [95% CI -2.20 to -1.76]; difference -1.07 [95% CI -1.38 to -0.76]; p < 0.001). Significant differences were also observed at Days 14 and 21. A more rapid decline in symptom severity was observed with sotrovimab versus placebo through Week 1 and the first 21 days post-treatment. By Day 21, 41% of patients on sotrovimab and 34% on placebo reported symptom resolution. In a post-hoc analysis, median time to symptom alleviation was 4 and 6 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Sotrovimab provides significant and rapid improvements in patient-reported COVID-19 symptoms, as measured by the FLU-PRO Plus. These results further show the benefits of sotrovimab in alleviating symptoms among high-risk patients with COVID-19. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.Gov: NCT04545060 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04545060 ). Date of registration: September 10, 2020 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anil Gupta
- Albion Finch Medical, William Osler Health Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrienne E Shapiro
- Departments of Global Health and Medicine, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John H Powers
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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Mitchell MB, Workman AD, Rathi VK, Bhattacharyya N. Smell and Taste Loss Associated with COVID-19 Infection. Laryngoscope 2023; 133:2357-2361. [PMID: 37265267 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of COVID-19 on olfactory and gustatory function in US adults. METHODS From the 2021 Adult National Health Interview Survey, demographic and survey-specific module data concerning COVID-19 diagnoses, testing and disease severity, and data quantifying disturbances and eventual recovery of smell and taste were extracted. Sample weights were applied to obtain nationally representative statistics. The overall rate of COVID-19 infection was determined, and those diagnosed with COVID-19 were analyzed with respect to disease severity, smell and taste disturbance, and respective recoveries. RESULTS In 2021, 35.8 million or 14% of the adult population (95% CI 13.5-14.7%; mean age, 43.9 years; 53.8% female) had been diagnosed with COVID-19. Among those, 60.5% (58.6-62.5%) and 58.2% (56.2-60.1%) reported accompanying losses in smell or taste, respectively; there was a significant association between overall COVID-19 symptom severity and smell (p < 0.001) and taste disturbance (p < 0.001). Following infection, 72.2% (69.9-74.3%), 24.1% (22.2-26.2%), and 3.7% (3.0-4.6%) of the patients experienced complete, partial, and no smell recovery, respectively. Recovery rates for gustatory function paralleled olfaction, with 76.8% (74.6-78.9%), 20.6% (18.7-22.7%), and 2.6 (1.9-3.4%) reporting complete, partial, and no recovery of taste, respectively. When sensory disturbance was present, severity of overall symptomatology was negatively associated with smell and taste recovery (p < 0.001 for each). CONCLUSION The majority of adults infected with COVID-19 in 2021 experienced olfactory or gustatory dysfunction with a non-negligible population reporting incomplete or no near-term sensory recovery. Our results are useful for providers counseling patients and suggest that interventions lessening overall COVID-19 symptom burden may prevent prolonged sensory dysfunction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 133:2357-2361, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret B Mitchell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan D Workman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vinay K Rathi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neil Bhattacharyya
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Amoodi H, Abualross O, Meer N, Alharbi NA. Prevalence and Types of Otological Symptoms Presenting in COVID-19 Patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Questionnaire-Based Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e42042. [PMID: 37593281 PMCID: PMC10431966 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause sensory dysfunction of taste, smell, and hearing. Otological symptoms may exceed hearing loss to ear pressure, tinnitus, and hyperacusis. Objective The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and types of otological symptoms among patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted among COVID-19 patients who have been diagnosed at Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital (DSFH), Jeddah KSA, aged 18 years or older. The data collection was done through phone-call interviews utilizing an online form of a pre-structured questionnaire. The form included six otological symptoms; each symptom was further detailed with regard to duration, intensity, clinical course (continuous vs intermittent), and recovery. Results A total of 406 responses from patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were analyzed. Females represented 53.7% of the sample. The highest proportion of patients (30%) was in the age group of 31-40, followed by 22.9% in the age group of 25-30. The otological symptoms' prevalence rates were as follows: dizziness, vertigo, or imbalance 34.5%, ear pain 13.1%, tinnitus 12.1%, ear pressure 10%, hearing loss 6.4%, and hyperacusis 5.4%. Males had a higher prevalence of tinnitus, while females had higher reported symptoms of ear pain, hearing loss, and hyperacusis. Conclusion The most common otological symptoms were dizziness, vertigo, and imbalance among one-third of COVID-19 patients. Females reported higher rates of symptoms with ear pressure having significantly higher odds among females. Age groups were also significantly associated with ear pain, tinnitus, and ear pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam Amoodi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Nuha Meer
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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Ali FA, Jassim G, Khalaf Z, Yusuf M, Ali S, Husain N, Ebrahim F. Transient Anosmia and Dysgeusia in COVID-19 Disease: A Cross Sectional Study. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:2393-2403. [PMID: 37333880 PMCID: PMC10275370 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s408706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to explore the prevalence of anosmia and dysgeusia and their impact on COVID-19 patients. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between 1st October 2020 and 30th June 2021 were randomly selected from a national COVID-19 registry. COVID-19 cases were diagnosed using molecular testing method which measured the viral E gene. The Anosmia Reporting Tool, and a brief version of the questionnaire on olfactory disorders were used to measure the outcomes via telephone interviews. Data were analysed using SPSS 27 statistics software. Results A total of 405 COVID-19 adults were included in this study, 220 (54.3%) were males and 185 (45.8%) were females. The mean±SD age of participants was 38.2 ± 11.3 years. Alterations in the sense of smell and taste were reported by 206 (50.9%), and 195 (48.1%) of the patients, respectively. Sex and nationality of participants were significantly associated with anosmia and dysgeusia (p < 0.001) and (p-value=0.001) respectively. Among patients who experienced anosmia and dysgeusia, alterations in eating habits (64.2%), impact on mental wellbeing (38.9%), concerns that the alterations were permanent (35.4%), and physical implications and difficulty performing activities of daily living (34%) were reported. Conclusion Anosmia and dysgeusia are prevalent symptoms of COVID-19 disease, especially among females. Although transient, anosmia and dysgeusia had considerable impact on patient's life. Neuropsychological implications of COVID-19 in acute infection phase and prognosis of anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19 are areas for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Ahmed Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, South West Acute Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Enniskillen, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ghufran Jassim
- Family Medicine Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland — Medical University of Bahrain (RCSI Bahrain), Busaiteen, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Zahra Khalaf
- Department of Postgraduate Studies, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Manaf Yusuf
- Children’s & Adolescent Services, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Sara Ali
- Ministry of Health Bahrain, COVID-19 National Team, Sanabis, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Nada Husain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Private Health Sector, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Fatema Ebrahim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Private Health Sector, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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Riccardi G, Niccolini GF, Bellizzi MG, Fiore M, Minni A, Barbato C. Post-COVID-19 Anosmia and Therapies: Stay Tuned for New Drugs to Sniff Out. Diseases 2023; 11:79. [PMID: 37366867 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Anosmia is defined as the complete absence of olfactory function, which can be caused by a variety of causes, with upper respiratory tract infections being among the most frequent causes. Anosmia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection has attracted attention given its main role in symptomatology and the social impact of the pandemic. Methods: We conducted systematic research in a clinicaltrials.gov database to evaluate all active clinical trials worldwide regarding drug therapies in adult patients for anosmia following SARS-CoV-2 infection with the intention of identifying the nearby prospects to treat Anosmia. We use the following search terms: "Anosmia" AND "COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "2019 novel coronavirus". Results: We found 18 active clinical trials that met our criteria: one phase 1, one phase 1-2, five phases 2, two phases 2-3, three phases 3, and six phases 4 studies were identified. The drug therapies that appear more effective and promising are PEA-LUT and Cerebrolysin. The other interesting drugs are 13-cis-retinoic acid plus aerosolized Vitamin D, dexamethasone, and corticosteroid nasal irrigation. Conclusions: COVID-19 has allowed us to highlight how much anosmia is an important and debilitating symptom for patients and, above all, to direct research to find a therapy aimed at curing the symptom, whether it derives from SARS-CoV-2 infection or other infections of the upper airways. Some of these therapies are very promising and are almost at the end of experimentation. They also provide hope in this field, which not addressed until recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Sense Organs (DOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Mario Giuseppe Bellizzi
- Department of Sense Organs (DOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Unit of Translational Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Sense Organs (DOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Minni
- Department of Sense Organs (DOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, ASL Rieti-Sapienza University, Viale Kennedy, 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Christian Barbato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Unit of Translational Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Sense Organs (DOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma, Italy
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Jachimowicz-Rogowska K, Winiarska-Mieczan A. Initiatives to Reduce the Content of Sodium in Food Products and Meals and Improve the Population's Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102393. [PMID: 37242276 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Table salt is the main source of sodium (Na) in the human diet. Excessive supply of Na in a diet is strongly linked to many non-communicable human diseases, such as hypertension, obesity and stomach cancer. The World Health Organization recommends that daily intake of salt in adult diets should be kept below 5 g/person/day, which corresponds to 2 g Na/person/day. However, on average, adults consume about 9-10 g/person/day, and children and young people about 7-8 g/person/day. Initiatives to reduce salt intake include modifications of food composition in collaboration with the food industry, education of consumers, salt marking on foodstuff labels and taxation of salt. A need also exists to educate society so that they choose low-sodium products. In view of the food technology and amount of salt intake, the most important and the easiest change to make is to reduce the content of salt in baked goods. This paper analyses the results of surveys regarding strategies to reduce salt content in food products and considers multifaceted initiatives to reduce salt intake as a possible efficient method of improving the population's health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jachimowicz-Rogowska
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13 St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13 St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Chen Y, Geng Y, Jiang J, Xiong G, Lei C. Smell and taste dysfunction in patients infected with the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. Acta Otolaryngol 2023; 143:489-494. [PMID: 37326433 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2023.2223243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smell and taste dysfunctions (STD) are frequently observed in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical characteristics of STD in COVID-19 patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS One-hundred six COVID-19 adult patients with the Omicron variant were enrolled. The clinical features of patients with and without STD were compared using questionnaires, laboratory tests, and imaging examinations. RESULTS Of the 76 patients with smell and/or taste dysfunction, age (p = .002), vaccination time (p = .024), history of systemic diseases (p = .032), and smoking status (p = .044) were significantly different from those of the controls (n = 34). Fatigue (p = .001), headache (p = .004), myalgia (p = .047), and gastrointestinal discomfort (p = .001) were observed more frequently in these patients than in controls. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score of these patients was significantly higher than that of controls (p < .001). The taste visual assessment scale score of the STD group was significantly lower than that of the taste dysfunction group (p = .001), and perceptions of sour, sweet, and salty tastes were worse in the STD group than in the taste dysfunction group (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE COVID-19 patients had similar changes in smell and/or taste dysfunctions and worse emotional states, possibly correlated with some factors, including age and vaccination time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gaoyun Xiong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Lei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Djorwé S, Bousfiha A, Nzoyikorera N, Nkurunziza V, Ait Mouss K, Kawthar B, Malki A. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics and risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Casablanca. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:acmi000400. [PMID: 37223059 PMCID: PMC10202397 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This is an analytical cross-sectional study of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on data collected between 1 November 2020 and 31 March 2021 in Casablanca focusing on the disease's epidemiological status and risk factors. A total of 4569 samples were collected and analysed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); 967 patients were positive, representing a prevalence of 21.2 % for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The mean age was 47.5±18 years, and infection was more common in young adults (<60 years). However, all age groups were at risk of COVID-19, and in terms of disease severity, the elderly were at greater risk because of potential underlying health problems. Among the clinical signs reported in this study, loss of taste and/or smell, fever, cough and fatigue were highly significant predictors of a positive COVID-19 test result (P<0.001). An assessment of the reported symptoms revealed that 27 % of COVID-19-positive patients (n=261) experienced loss of taste and/or smell, whereas only 2 % (n=72) of COVID-19-negative patients did (P<0.001). This result was consistent between univariate (OR=18.125) and multivariate (adjusted OR=10.484) logistic regression analyses, indicating that loss of taste and/or smell is associated with a more than 10-fold higher multivariate adjusted probability of a positive COVID-19 test (adjusted OR=10.48; P<0.001). Binary logistic regression model analysis based on clinical signs revealed that loss of taste and/or smell had a performance index of 0.846 with a P<0.001, confirming the diagnostic utility of this symptom for the prediction of COVID-19-positive status. In conclusion, symptom evaluation and a RT-PCR [taking into account cycle threshold (C t) values of the PCR proxy] test remain the most useful screening tools for diagnosing COVID-19. However, loss of taste/smell, fatigue, fever and cough remain the strongest independent predictors of a positive COVID-19 result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soulandi Djorwé
- Laboratory of Physiopathology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca (Morocco), Avenue Cdt Driss El Harti, PB 7955 Sidi Othman Casablanca, Morocco
- Bourgogne Laboratory of Medical and Scientific Analysis, 136, Residence Belhcen, Bd Bourgogne, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Amale Bousfiha
- Laboratory of Physiopathology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca (Morocco), Avenue Cdt Driss El Harti, PB 7955 Sidi Othman Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Néhémie Nzoyikorera
- National Reference Laboratory, National Institute of Public Health, Bujumbura, Burundi
- Higher Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Infectiology Research, Mohammed VI Center for Research & Innovation, Rabat, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Victor Nkurunziza
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khadija Ait Mouss
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Bellamine Kawthar
- Bourgogne Laboratory of Medical and Scientific Analysis, 136, Residence Belhcen, Bd Bourgogne, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Malki
- Laboratory of Physiopathology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca (Morocco), Avenue Cdt Driss El Harti, PB 7955 Sidi Othman Casablanca, Morocco
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Hennawi YB, Alahmadi RA, AlOtaibi E, Alosaimi AN, Tashkandi GS, Saleem NE, Bukhari RI, Obaid M. Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions Following COVID-19 Infection: Factors That Affect Their Duration in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e37317. [PMID: 37181970 PMCID: PMC10167880 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many people infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have developed post-COVID-19 symptoms, which are defined as symptoms and signs (e.g., anosmia and ageusia) that persist for more than 12 weeks after getting infected with COVID-19. These symptoms may appear after or during the infection and cannot be explained by any alternative disease. In this study, we aim to investigate the factors that affect the duration of anosmia and ageusia in Saudi Arabia. METHODS We conducted a nationwide, cross-sectional study using an online survey in Saudi Arabia from 14 February 2022 to 23 July 2022. The electronic survey was distributed using social media platforms, such as Twitter, WhatsApp, and Telegram. RESULT The study enrolled 2497 individuals who were infected with COVID-19. A total of 60.1% of the participants showed symptoms of anosmia, ageusia, or both after getting infected with COVID-19. According to our data, we found that being a female and not having a repeated COVID-19 infection were risk factors (independent predictors) of the long duration of anosmia after COVID-19 recovery (p = <0.05). While being a male patient, a smoker, and being admitted to the ICU were risk factors (independent predictors) of long duration of ageusia after COVID-19 recovery (p = <0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the prevalence of chemosensory dysfunction symptoms, both olfactory and gustatory, after COVID-19 infection among the Saudi population was high. However, several factors can influence their duration, including gender, smoking, and severity of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Majed Obaid
- Department of Community Medicine and Pilgrims Healthcare, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
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Coelho DH, Reiter ER, French E, Costanzo RM. Decreasing Incidence of Chemosensory Changes by COVID-19 Variant. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 168:704-706. [PMID: 35503739 PMCID: PMC9630171 DOI: 10.1177/01945998221097656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Anecdotal clinical observation suggests that rates of chemosensory dysfunction associated with COVID-19 infection may be decreasing. To investigate, the National COVID Cohort Collaborative database was queried for all patients with and without smell and taste loss within 2 weeks of COVID-19 diagnosis. Six-week periods of peak variant prevalence were selected by using CoVariants.org for analysis. Of 3,678,214 patients with COVID-19 in the database, 616,318 met inclusion criteria during the time intervals of interest, with 3431 having an associated smell or taste disturbance diagnosis. With the initial/untyped variant set as the baseline, the odds ratios for alpha, delta, and omicron (December 27, 2021-February 7, 2022) were 0.50 (95% CI, 0.45-0.55; P < .0001), 0.44 (95% CI, 0.41-0.48; P < .0001), and 0.17 (95% CI, 0.15-0.18; P < .0001), respectively. These data strongly support the clinical observation that patients infected with more recent variants are at a significantly lower risk of developing associated chemosensory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Coelho
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Evan R. Reiter
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Evan French
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Richard M. Costanzo
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Clinical features of olfactory dysfunction in elderly patients. Auris Nasus Larynx 2023; 50:241-246. [PMID: 35728996 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the causes of olfactory dysfunction (OD) and to discuss the benefits of understanding the characteristics of OD in elderly patients. METHODS A total of 4300 patients with OD who were treated at our hospital between January 1996 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 1833 men and 2467 women, with ages ranging from 4 to 95 years. The patients were divided into two groups: younger (less than 65 years old, n = 2947) and elderly (65 years old or more, n = 1353) groups. Causative diseases were chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), post-viral (PV), post-traumatic (PT), central nervous system dysfunction (CNS), peripheral nervous system dysfunction (PNS), congenital, psychogenic, and unknown. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and olfactory detection and recognition thresholds using the T&T olfaction test were used to evaluate olfaction. The mean detection and recognition thresholds, as well as the deviation difference (the difference between the mean detection and recognition thresholds) were compared by causative disease. RESULTS The causative diseases in elderly group were CRS (32%), PV (28%), PT (3%), CNS (2%), and PNS (4%). OD of unknown cause was significantly more in elderly (30%) than in younger patients (12%). Olfactory detection and recognition thresholds in elderly group were significantly worse than in younger group (p < 0.05). The olfactory detection and recognition thresholds were not any significant differences between patients with OD of unknown cause and those with CNS. CONCLUSION OD of unknown cause was predominantly observed in elderly group. The olfactory acuity of OD of unknown cause was similar to CNS OD. These findings suggest the importance of continuous follow-up due to the potential of neurodegenerative diseases in elderly OD patients.
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Huang L, Qin W, Guo Z, Li X, Li F, Wang X. Application of weighted gene co-expression network and immune infiltration for explorations of key genes in the brain of elderly COVID-19 patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1157179. [PMID: 37063869 PMCID: PMC10102454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1157179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAlthough many studies have demonstrated the existing neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients, the mechanisms are not clear until now. This study aimed to figure out the critical molecular and immune infiltration situations in the brain of elderly COVID-19 patients.MethodsGSE188847 was used for the differential analysis, WGCNA, and immune infiltration analysis. We also performed GO, KEGG, GSEA, and GSVA for the enrich analysis.Results266 DEGs, obtained from the brain samples of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients whose ages were over 70 years old, were identified. GO and KEGG analysis revealed the enrichment in synapse and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction in COVID-19 patients. Further analysis found that asthma and immune system signal pathways were significant changes based on GSEA and GSVA. Immune infiltration analysis demonstrated the imbalance of CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, and HLA. The MEpurple module genes were the most significantly different relative to COVID-19. Finally, RPS29, S100A10, and TIMP1 were the critical genes attributed to the progress of brain damage.ConclusionRPS29, S100A10, and TIMP1 were the critical genes in the brain pathology of COVID-19 in elderly patients. Our research has revealed a new mechanism and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Tianyuan Translational Medicine R&D Team, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Institution of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zirui Guo
- Department of Materials (D-MATL), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fajiu Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Institution of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Fajiu Li, ; Xiang Wang,
| | - Xiang Wang
- Tianyuan Translational Medicine R&D Team, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Fajiu Li, ; Xiang Wang,
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Guimarães DDM, Parro YM, Muller HS, Coelho EB, Martins VDP, Santana R, Lia ÉN. Xerostomia and dysgeusia in the elderly: prevalence of and association with polypharmacy. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.20396/bjos.v22i00.8666637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Xerostomia is defined as the perception of dry mouth, and dysgeusia, as a change in taste. Both are common complaints in the elderly, especially among those making use of polypharmacy drug combinations. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of xerostomia and dysgeusia and to investigate their association with polypharmacy in the elderly. Methods: older people under follow-up at the Multidisciplinary Elderly Center of the University Hospital of Brasília were interviewed and asked about health problems, medications used, presence of xerostomia and dysgeusia. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the prevalence of the symptoms surveyed. The chi-square test was used to investigate the relationship between xerostomia and dysgeusia and polypharmacy. Secondary associations were performed using binomial logistic regression. Results: Ninety-six older people were evaluated and of these, 62.5% had xerostomia and 21.1%, had dysgeusia. The average number of medications used was 4±3 medications per individual. Polypharmacy was associated with xerostomia but not dysgeusia. It was possible to associate xerostomia with the use of antihypertensive drugs. Conclusion: Xerostomia was a frequent complaint among elderly people making use of polypharmacy, especially those using antihypertensives. Antihypertensives and antidepressants were used most drugs by the elderly and exhibited interactions with drugs most prescribed in Dentistry. Two contraindications were found between fluconazole and mirtazapine; and between erythromycin and simvastatin.
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Lechien JR, Wajsblat S, Horoi M, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Le Bon SD, Vaira LA, Saussez S. Comparison of prevalence and evolution of COVID-19 olfactory disorders in patients infected by D614 (wild) and B.1.1.7. Alpha variant: a brief report. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:3461-3467. [PMID: 36943439 PMCID: PMC10029791 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-07923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence and the evolution of olfactory disorders (OD) related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients infected during the first and the second European waves. METHODS From March 2020 to October 2020, COVID-19 patients with OD were recruited and followed over the 12-month post-infection. The following data were collected: demographic, treatments, vaccination status, and olfactory function. Olfaction was assessed with the Olfactory Disorder Questionnaire (ODQ), and threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) test. Outcomes were compared between patients of the first wave (group 1: wild/D614G virus) and the second wave (group 2: B.1.1.7. Alpha variant) at 1-, 3- and 12-month post-infection. RESULTS Sixty patients completed the evaluations accounting for 33 and 27 patients in group 1 and 2, respectively. The 1-month TDI score (23.7 ± 5.3) was significantly lower in group 2 compared to group 1 (29.8 ± 8.7; p = 0.017). Proportion of normosmic patients at 1-month post-infection was significantly higher in group 1 compared to group 2 (p = 0.009). TDI scores only significantly increased from 1- to 3-month post-infection in anosmic and hyposmic patients. Focusing on There was a negative association between the 1-month ODQ and the 1-month TDI (rs = - 0.493; p = 0.012). ODQ was a significant predictor of TDI scores at 3- and 12-month post-infection. The 12-month prevalence of parosmia was 60.6% in group 1 and 42.4% in group 2, respectively. There was no significant influence of oral corticosteroid treatment, adherence to an olfactory training and vaccination status on the olfactory outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Patients of the second wave (Alpha B.1.1.7. variant) reported significant higher proportion of psychophysical test abnormalities at 1-month post-infection than patients infected during the first wave (D614G virus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome R Lechien
- Department of Otolaryngology, Polyclinic of Poitiers, Elsan, Poitiers, France.
- Division of Laryngology and, Bronchoesophagology, EpiCURA Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Foch Hospital, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France.
| | - Shannon Wajsblat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mihaela Horoi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Serge D Le Bon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Genève, Geneva, Suisse
| | - Luigi A Vaira
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Biomedical Science Department, PhD School of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sven Saussez
- Division of Laryngology and, Bronchoesophagology, EpiCURA Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
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Zarachi A, Lianou AD, Pezoulas V, Komnos I, Milionis O, Fotiadis D, Milionis H, Kastanioudakis IG, Liontos A. Visual Analogue Scale for the Evaluation of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction of COVID-19 Patients in Northwestern Greece. Cureus 2023; 15:e36413. [PMID: 37090302 PMCID: PMC10115151 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The visual analogue scale (VAS) has been used as a diagnostic tool for the evaluation of the severity of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (OGD) caused by SARS-CoV2 infection. The main objective of the present study was the evaluation of OGD with VAS in COVID-19-positive patients in Northwestern Greece and its possible association with the patients' self-reported symptoms of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. Methods The presence of olfactory and gustatory symptoms and their severity were assessed by questionnaire along with the use of specific odorants and tastant ingredients, in three time periods: prior to COVID-19, during COVID-19 (initial diagnosis) and post-COVID-19 disease (at four weeks from disease onset). Three hundred COVID-19-positive patients (home-quarantined and hospitalized) tested with RT-PCR test in the University Hospital of Ioannina Greece were included in this study. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS Statistics 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) Results Out of a total of 300 patients, 146 and 190 patients had mild hyposmia and hypogeusia respectively, followed by patients with severe hyposmia or hypogeusia (118 and 88 respectively), at the time of COVID-19 onset (initial diagnosis). An increase in the number of patients with recovery of symptoms was observed during the follow-up period, during which only eight patients had non-resolving severe symptoms (six patients with hyposmia and two with hypogeusia). On further analysis, a statistically significant association was found between the severity of symptoms (assessed by VAS score) and the self-reported symptoms of sensory dysfunction by the patients. There was a significant association between the groups of patients with mild hyposmia and patients that reported no loss of smell; between the patients with moderate hyposmia and the patients who reported "loss of smell"; and between the patients with severe hyposmia and the group of patients who reported a loss of smell, at the COVID-19 onset period. Similarly, patients with mild hyposmia were associated with those that reported a loss of smell at the same time. The severity of hyposmia was also associated with the reported symptom of "loss of taste" at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. Similar findings were observed regarding the severity of hypogeusia and the reported symptom of "loss of taste" among the groups of patients. Finally, the severity of hypogeusia was associated with smell loss at the time of initial diagnosis of the infection. Conclusion Similar to the literature data, our findings indicate that hyposmia and hypogeusia are common symptoms of COVID-19 disease with varying severity. In our study, most of the patients exerted a complete recovery of these OGD symptoms. In addition, we found an association between olfactory dysfunction and self-reported sensory of taste as well as gustatory dysfunction and sensory of smell. Finally, we found that the VAS score was a reliable diagnostic tool in the estimation of OGD in this cohort of patients. However, our results need to be confirmed by larger-scale trials.
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Ghadirzadeh E, Davoodi L, Khazaei F, Taheri A. Spontaneous recovery of anosmia after 2.5 years in a young COVID-19 patient. Eur Clin Respir J 2023; 10:2178598. [PMID: 36815941 PMCID: PMC9930803 DOI: 10.1080/20018525.2023.2178598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Ghadirzadeh
- Medical student, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Lotfollah Davoodi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khazaei
- Medical student, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amirmasoud Taheri
- General practitioner, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,CONTACT Amirmasoud Taheri General practitioner, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Zyoud SH, Shakhshir M, Koni A, Shahwan M, Jairoun AA, Al-Jabi SW. Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID-19: A Global Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2023; 132:164-172. [PMID: 35240864 PMCID: PMC9834628 DOI: 10.1177/00034894221082735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Coronavirus illness (COVID-19) has been found to alter infected people's sense of smell and taste. However, the pathobiology of this virus is not yet known. Therefore, it is critical to investigate the influence of COVID-19 infection on olfactory and gustatory processes. Therefore, we use bibliometric analysis on COVID-19 and olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction publications to provide studies perspective. METHODS A bibliometric literature search was performed in the Scopus database. The number and type of publications, countries for publications, institutional sources for publications, journals for publications, citation patterns, and funding agencies were analyzed using Microsoft Excel or VOSviewer. In addition, the VOSviewer 1.6.17 software was used to analyze and visualize hotspots and collaboration patterns between countries. RESULTS Scopus has published 187 088 documents for COVID-19 in all study fields at the time of data collection (July 26, 2021). A total of 1740 documents related to olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction were recovered. The countries most relevant by the number of publications were the United States (n = 362, 20.80%), Italy (n = 255, 14.66%), and the United Kingdom (n = 173, 9.94%). By analyzing the terms in the titles and abstracts, we identified 2 clusters related to olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction research, which are "diagnosis and test methods" and "prognosis and complications of the disease." CONCLUSIONS This is the first bibliometric analysis of publications related to COVID-19 and olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction. This study provides academics and researchers with useful information on the publishing patterns of the most influential publications on COVID-19 and olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction. Olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction as indices of suspicion for the empirical diagnosis of coronavirus infection is a new hotspot in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa’ed H. Zyoud
- Poison Control and Drug Information
Center (PCDIC), College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National
University, Nablus, Palestine
- Department of Clinical and Community
Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University,
Nablus, Palestine
- Clinical Research Centre, An-Najah
National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine
- Sa’ed H. Zyoud, PhD, Poison Control and
Drug Information Center (PCDIC), College of Medicine and Health Sciences,
An-Najah National University, Academic Street, Nablus 44839, Palestine.
| | - Muna Shakhshir
- Department of Nutrition, An-Najah
National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Amer Koni
- Department of Clinical and Community
Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University,
Nablus, Palestine
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy,
Hematology and Oncology Pharmacy Department, An-Najah National University Hospital,
Nablus, Palestine
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- College of Pharmacy and Health
Sciences, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ammar A. Jairoun
- Health and Safety Department, Dubai
Municipality, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samah W. Al-Jabi
- Department of Clinical and Community
Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University,
Nablus, Palestine
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Lechner M, Liu J, Counsell N, Gillespie D, Chandrasekharan D, Ta NH, Jumani K, Gupta R, Rocke J, Williams C, Tetteh A, Amnolsingh R, Khwaja S, Batterham RL, Yan CH, Treibel TA, Moon JC, Woods J, Brunton R, Boardman J, Hatter M, Abdelwahab M, Holsinger FC, Capasso R, Nayak JV, Hwang PH, Patel ZM, Paun S, Eynon-Lewis N, Kumar BN, Jayaraj S, Hopkins C, Philpott C, Lund VJ. The burden of olfactory dysfunction during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. Rhinology 2023; 61:93-96. [PMID: 36286227 DOI: 10.4193/rhin22.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Lechner
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK; ENT Department, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J Liu
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Counsell
- CRUK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Gillespie
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Chandrasekharan
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - N H Ta
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - K Jumani
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Gupta
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Rocke
- ENT Department, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | - C Williams
- ENT Department, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | - A Tetteh
- ENT Department, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Amnolsingh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - S Khwaja
- Department of Otolaryngology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - R L Batterham
- Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, UK; Bariatric Centre for Weight Management and Metabolic Surgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - C H Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, USA
| | - T A Treibel
- National Institute for Health Research, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - J C Moon
- National Institute for Health Research, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - J Woods
- The Norfolk Smell and Taste Clinic, Norfolk and Waveney ENT Service, UK
| | - R Brunton
- ENT Department, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - M Hatter
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - M Abdelwahab
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - F C Holsinger
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - R Capasso
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - J V Nayak
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - P H Hwang
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Z M Patel
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - S Paun
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Eynon-Lewis
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - B N Kumar
- ENT Department, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | - S Jayaraj
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Hopkins
- ENT Department, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C Philpott
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; The Norfolk Smell and Taste Clinic, Norfolk and Waveney ENT Service, UK
| | - V J Lund
- Royal National ENT Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
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Uematsu H, Shinoda K, Saito A, Sakai K. Deep venous thrombosis in a kidney transplant recipient with COVID-19: a case report. CEN Case Rep 2023; 12:98-103. [PMID: 35972687 PMCID: PMC9379217 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-022-00724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The outcomes of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients have shown high mortality. In addition to their immunocompromised states, kidney transplant recipients frequently have certain exacerbation risk comorbidities of COVID-19, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Several concomitant diseases develop during the course of COVID-19, one of which is thromboembolism, which can potentially lead to a critical condition. However, thromboembolic complications in kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 have not been fully addressed in previous studies. A 62-year-old man, who underwent kidney transplantation 17 years ago, was diagnosed with COVID-19 and was admitted to our hospital. Although the patient was in remission at the start of the hospitalization, his condition became severe on day 7 after admission, with fever, elevated white blood cell counts (10,000/μL) and a high C-reactive protein level (6.9 mg/dL). Although the patient was not under forced bed rest, an ultrasound study on day 10 detected deep venous thrombosis (DVT), with an elevated D-dimer level (6.2 µg/dL). We withdrew the mycophenolate mofetyl and the tacrolimus dosage but did not administer any specific treatment for COVID-19. The patient achieved successful clearance of SARS-CoV-2 on day 16. The DVT disappeared after systematic heparin treatment and oral rivaroxaban for 2 months. DVT occurred in a kidney transplant recipient with COVID-19 who was not bedridden and might manifest when the clinical status was exacerbated during hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Uematsu
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Shinoda
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan.
| | - Akinobu Saito
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Ken Sakai
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
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