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MORINAGA Y, AKUTSU H, KINO H, TANAKA S, MIYAMOTO H, MATSUDA M, ISHIKAWA E. Endoscopic Endonasal Dural Reconstruction for a Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak in the Middle Cranial Fossa of a Patient with Gorham-stout Disease with Skull Base Defect. NMC Case Rep J 2022; 9:55-61. [PMID: 35493538 PMCID: PMC9020871 DOI: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2021-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the use of endoscopic endonasal surgery for dural reconstruction following a cerebrospinal fluid leak in a 33-year-old patient with recurrent meningitis since at age of 2 years. Magnetic resonance imaging showed osteolytic changes in the left temporal and sphenoid bones, including the left pterygoid plate, a few left temporal encephaloceles, and cerebrospinal fluid-like fluid in the expanded Meckel's cave and the parapharyngeal space. After endoscopic endonasal surgery, Gorham-Stout disease was diagnosed. No recurrence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage or meningitis has been observed. Thus, endoscopic endonasal surgery might improve clinical outcomes in patients with Gorham-Stout disease and skull base defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke MORINAGA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Hiroyoshi AKUTSU
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroyoshi KINO
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Shuho TANAKA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Hidetaka MIYAMOTO
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Masahide MATSUDA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Eiichi ISHIKAWA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
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Ricci KW, Iacobas I. How we approach the diagnosis and management of complex lymphatic anomalies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69 Suppl 3:e28985. [PMID: 33844431 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Complex lymphatic anomalies (CLA) are congenital diseases of the lymphatic circulation system that are associated with significant morbidity and early mortality. While guidelines for the comprehensive evaluation of the CLA were recently published, the diagnostic approach and medical management are not standardized. This article presents the clinical features of four CLA: Gorham-Stout disease, generalized lymphatic anomaly, kaposiform lymphangiomatosis, and central collecting lymphatic anomaly. We also offer three cases from the authors' practice and our views on diagnostic testing and disease management including supportive care, medical therapies, and other interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiersten W Ricci
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Hemangioma and Vascular Malformation Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ionela Iacobas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Vascular Anomalies Center at Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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Maroufi SF, Habibi Z, Dabbagh Ohadi MA, Mohammadi E, Nejat F. Gorham-Stout disease of skull base leading to cranial settling and rhinorrhea: a case-based review. Childs Nerv Syst 2022; 38:695-703. [PMID: 35217940 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a rare progressive osteolytic disorder, theoretically caused by lymphovascular endothelial proliferation. Spinal involvement carries a dismal prognosis because of neurological consequences. Lesions of the skull base are extremely rare and entail even more devastating prognosis due to cervical instability and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. Due to scarcity of this condition, the aim of this study was to give an overview of skull base GSD and review the cases with such condition reported in the literature. METHODS In this case-based review, different aspects of skull base GSD are discussed, and a sample clinical case of GSD leading to cranial settling and rhinorrhea is presented. The characteristics, symptoms, and managements of all English-language PubMed-reported cases were reviewed, and different features of presentation and methods of treatments were analyzed. RESULTS Based on the literature review, most of the cases encountered serious problems in the course of the disease. Meningitis/CSF leakage was detected in 12 of 26 collected cases, followed by hearing loss/tinnitus/otitis media in 10 cases, headache in 8, and neck pain/stiffness in 8 patients. Despite a variety of treatments, improvement was only observed in 8 of 26 collected cases. The reminders showed either stable condition or worsening and death. CONCLUSION All cases of GSD of the skull base should be evaluated for rhinorrhea/otorrhea and cranial settling, both of them being among the most life-threatening conditions. Since definite treatment, in order to stop disease progression, is sometimes impossible, symptomatic and supportive treatment should be started as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Farzad Maroufi
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1419733151, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Habibi
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1419733151, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Amin Dabbagh Ohadi
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1419733151, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mohammadi
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1419733151, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Nejat
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1419733151, Tehran, Iran
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Hosoya M, Oishi N, Nishiyama J, Ogawa K. A case report of Gorham-Stout disease diagnosed during the course of recurrent meningitis and cholesteatoma. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 49:18. [PMID: 32299507 PMCID: PMC7161102 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-020-00412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gorham-Stout disease is a rare bone disorder. Here, we present a case of Gorham-Stout disease diagnosed during follow-up of a patient with cholesteatoma; the disease affected the temporal bone and other sites of the skull. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Gorham-Stout disease diagnosed with recurrent cerebrospinal leakage after surgery to treat cholesteatoma. Case presentation A 25-year-old male patient re-presented to our department for the first time in 7 years with otorrhea in the right ear and recurrent meningitis. The patient had a history of multiple surgeries for cholesteatoma and suffered from recurrent cerebrospinal fluid leakage, which initially was thought to be caused by recurrence of cholesteatoma. Therefore, skull base reconstruction was planned. However, the underlying cause was identified eventually as defects in the temporal bone caused by massive osteolysis due to Gorham-Stout disease. Skull base reconstruction was abandoned because the osteolysis was considered to be progressive. Conservative treatment with infectious control was implemented as an alternative. Conclusion This case describes unusual temporal bone osteolysis after cholesteatoma surgery and the importance of considering the possibility of multiple concurrent diseases in such individuals. The distinguishing features of this case are the fact that the temporal bone had disappeared, and deconstruction was complicated by infection and inflammation caused by cholesteatoma, surgical invasion, and Gorham-Stout disease. Appropriate diagnosis saved the patient from ineffective multiple surgeries for cerebrospinal fluid leakage or cholesteatoma, and improved his quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hosoya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naoki Oishi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Jun Nishiyama
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ogawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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Stephens S, Squires L, Campbell R, Davies J, Chaseling R. Multifocal Gorham-Stout disease associated with Chiari I malformation and recurrent aseptic meningitis: Case report and review of literature. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 72:486-492. [PMID: 31911110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gorham-Stout disease is a rare condition of uncertain aetiology characterised by lymphatic proliferation within osseous structures and subsequent massive osteolysis. This report describes the index case of a patient with multifocal Gorham-Stout disease involving the skull base with Chiari I malformation and recurrent aseptic meningitis without fistula. A five-year-old male presented following decompression of a Chiari I malformation with headaches, vomiting, and stiff neck and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis without growth of a pathogenic organism. Ongoing symptoms prompted a further three presentations over several months revealing persistent aseptic cerebrospinal fluid monocytic pleocytosis. Further investigation revealed multifocal osseous cystic disease and subsequent bone biopsy suggested Gorham-Stout disease. Suboccipital decompression was not repeated despite craniocervical junction re-stenosis. A literature review demonstrated the extreme rarity of Gorham-Stout disease associated with Chiari I malformation and meningitis. Potential mechanisms of these entities occurring in concert are discussed. Consideration of Gorham-Stout disease as a secondary cause for Chiari I malformation is important amid local bone changes or cerebrospinal fluid leakage prior to pursuing suboccipital decompression considering the poor outcomes reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Stephens
- Neurosurgery Department, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Lisa Squires
- Anatomical Pathology Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Campbell
- Neurosurgery Department, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Janene Davies
- Anatomical Pathology Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raymond Chaseling
- Neurosurgery Department, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Simon F, Luscan R, Khonsari RH, Toubiana J, Belhous K, James S, Blauwblomme T, Zerah M, Denoyelle F, Donadieu J, Couloigner V. Management of Gorham Stout disease with skull-base defects: Case series of six children and literature review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 124:152-156. [PMID: 31195309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a rare lymphatic disorder which results in bone destruction. Defects of the skull base are difficult to manage, we describe cases to better understand the disease and discuss treatment. METHODS Retrospective study including all patients treated for GSD skull-base defects. Medical records, clinical, imaging and treatment data were studied. A systematic review of the literature included case reports of the diseases for further analysis. RESULTS 6 patients (5 males, 1 female) were included. Mean age at diagnosis was 3.5 years (range 0-10). Follow-up was of 5.2 years. Patients were divided into Naso-temporal (NT) and Vertebro-temporal (VT) groups following anatomical location. NT patients (4 patients) all had petrous defects extending anteriorly, including sphenoid, ethmoidal and mandibular defects. They all had cerebro-spinal fluid leak (CSF) and recurrent meningitis (range from 3 to 7). Two of those patients had sequelae including deafness, paralysis and epilepsy. VT patients (2 patients) all had temporal, occipital bone and cervical vertebrae defects. None had CSF leaks but both died from medullar compression (preceded by tetraparesis in one case). Overall, five out of six patients had type I Chiari malformation. Interferon seemed to be the most efficient medical treatment. Surgery included petrectomy, endonasal surgery for CSF leak management and neurosurgery for medullar management but could not guarantee long-term effects. CONCLUSION Main issues in skull base defects are CSF leaks and medullar compressions. Surgical treatment is necessary in both cases but can only be satisfactory if general medical treatment can stabilise the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Simon
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Paris Descartes University, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Romain Luscan
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Paris Descartes University, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Roman H Khonsari
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Department of Maxillo-facial and Plastic Surgery, Paris Descartes University, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Julie Toubiana
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Department of General Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Paris Descartes University, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Kahina Belhous
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Department of Radiology, Paris Descartes University, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Syril James
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Department of Neurosurgery, Paris Descartes University, Paris Descartes University, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Blauwblomme
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Department of Neurosurgery, Paris Descartes University, Paris Descartes University, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Michel Zerah
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Department of Neurosurgery, Paris Descartes University, Paris Descartes University, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Denoyelle
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Paris Descartes University, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jean Donadieu
- AP-HP, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Department of Hematology and Paediatric Oncology, Pierre et Marie Curie University, 26 Avenue du Dr Arnold Netter, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Couloigner
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Paris Descartes University, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France
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Yasan H, Köroğlu M, Çiriş M, Tüz M. Lymphangioma of the middle ear and mastoid simulating chronic otitis media with effusion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pedex.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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A case of middle-ear cavernous lymphangioma with facial palsy. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2010; 125:405-9. [PMID: 21205371 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215110002598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Only a few benign tumours of the middle ear have been reported to lead to the development of facial palsy. Here, we describe a patient with middle-ear cavernous lymphangioma and facial palsy. STUDY DESIGN Single case study. PATIENT A 61-year-old man presented with left-sided hearing impairment and incomplete left facial palsy. A tumour was confirmed to be occupying the epi- to mesotympanum and to be joined to the facial nerve. The tumour was removed along with facial nerve tissue, which was resected at its horizontal portion, and the remaining facial nerve was fixed by end-to-end anastomosis. Complete facial paralysis occurred after the operation, but the patient's House-Brackmann grade gradually improved to grade III. Post-operative histopathological examination revealed infiltration of the lymphangioma into the facial nerve tissue, together with mild neural atrophy of the facial nerve. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that tumour invasion was the cause of facial palsy in this patient.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical course, diagnostic features, and treatment of a case of Gorham-Stout syndrome involving the petrous apex and causing chronic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. STUDY DESIGN Clinical capsule report. SETTING Academic pediatric hospital. PATIENT A 12-year-old boy presented with a destructive lesion of the right petrous apex and a 1-month history of headache, nausea, and vomiting. INTERVENTIONS Computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a nonenhancing lytic lesion of the right petrous apex and mandibular condyle. The lesions were bright on T2-weighted imaging with high signal intensity extending into the surrounding soft tissues. Leptomeningeal enhancement and an opening pressure of 0 cm of water on lumbar puncture suggested chronic CSF hypotension. Initial surgical exploration revealed diffuse infiltration of CSF into the soft tissue lateral to the temporal bone. Subsequent middle ear and mastoid obliteration was performed to definitely repair the CSF leak. RESULTS The clinical presentation, physical, laboratory, radiologic, and operative findings are consistent with a diagnosis of Gorham-Stout syndrome. In this case, lymphangiomatosis led to massive osteolysis of the petrous apex with CSF fistula into the surrounding soft tissues and middle ear with chronic intracranial hypotension. CONCLUSION This is the second report of chronic CSF leak resulting from lymphangiomatosis of the cranial base (Gorham-Stout syndrome).
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Sinard RJ, Welling DB. Cervical lymphangioma with simultaneous skull base invasion and soft tissue regression. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1995; 104:662-4. [PMID: 7639478 DOI: 10.1177/000348949510400813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R J Sinard
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ohio State University Hospitals, Columbus, USA
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