Hypocaloric, plant-based oatmeal interventions in the treatment of poorly-controlled type 2 diabetes: A review

The Effect of Dietary Oat Consumption and Its Constituents on Fat Storage and Obesity

This review is to summarize and analyze the currently available knowledge concerning the action of oat (Avena sativa L.) consumption on obesity, as well as possible constituents and extra- and intracellular mediators responsible for its anti-obesity effect. The oat constituents could reduce fat storage via several mediatory mechanisms - brain centers regulating appetite, gastrointestinal functions, gut bacteria, fat synthesis and metabolism and maybe via changes in oxidative processes, steroid hormones receptors and adipose tissue vascularization. Several oat constituents (starch, fiber and beta-glucan) could have anti-obesity properties, whilst one oat constituent (starch or fiber) could affect fat storage via several mechanisms of action.

Exploring the Impact of Nutrition on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Management: Unveiling the Roles of Various Foods, Food Components, and Compounds

There is a need to introduce standardized treatment options for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to its global prevalence and the complications of this disease. Many studies have revealed that food-derived substances may be beneficial in dealing with this disease. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate the recently published studies on the food-derived treatment options for NAFLD. A comprehensive search of the PubMed database using keywords such as "NAFLD", "nutrition", "food", "derived", "therapy", and "guidelines" yielded 219 relevant papers for our analysis, published from 2004 to 2023. The results show the significant benefits of food-derived treatment in NAFLD therapy, including improvements in liver histology, hepatic fat amounts, anthropometric measures, lipid profile, and other metabolic measures. The availability of the substances discussed makes them a significant adjuvant in the treatment of this disease. The usefulness of Viusid as additional therapy to diet and physical activity should be emphasized due to improvements in liver histology; however, many other substances lead to a decrease in liver fat amounts including, e.g., berberine or omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, the synbiotic Protexin seems to be useful in terms of NAFLD treatment, especially because it is effective in both obese and lean subjects. Based on the latest research results, we suggest revising the therapeutic recommendations for patients suffering from NAFLD.

Characteristics of subjects with type 2 diabetes enrolled in randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials in Japan: A systematic review

AIMS/INTRODUCTION

This study aimed to understand the characteristics of type 2 diabetes subjects enrolled in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs according to therapeutic regimens through systematic literature review.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

PubMed and the database of the Japanese Medical Abstract Society (ICHUSHI) were searched for studies published from 2010 to 2019 reporting the efficacy and safety of glucose-lowering drugs in Japanese individuals with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes, and therapeutic regimens, demographics and clinical characteristics at the baseline were extracted. We evaluated the treatment arms, not the placebo arms.

RESULTS

The literature searches identified 2,656 publications, 145 of which met all eligibility criteria and included 282 eligible arms. In the past 10 years, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor was the most frequently studied in both RCTs and non-RCTs. Regarding the characteristics of enrolled subjects, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist have been studied more in relatively obese subjects, and insulin has been studied in higher proportion of subjects with disease duration ≥10 years. Most of the RCTs included subjects aged 55-64 years, whereas a higher proportion of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and insulin arms in the non-RCTs included those aged ≥65 years. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor were evaluated in subjects with no abnormalities in blood pressure or lipid parameters; however, only a few reports of those parameters have been assessed with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist and insulin.

CONCLUSIONS

As RCTs and non-RCTs differ in the baseline characteristics of type 2 diabetes subjects, it is necessary to integrate and evaluate both to understand the actual treatment status of type 2 diabetes.