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Vranceanu M, Pickering C, Filip L, Pralea IE, Sundaram S, Al-Saleh A, Popa DS, Grimaldi KA. A comparison of a ketogenic diet with a LowGI/nutrigenetic diet over 6 months for weight loss and 18-month follow-up. BMC Nutr 2020; 6:53. [PMID: 32983551 PMCID: PMC7513277 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-020-00370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and its related metabolic disturbances represent a huge health burden on society. Many different weight loss interventions have been trialled with mixed efficacy, as demonstrated by the large number of individuals who regain weight upon completion of such interventions. There is evidence that the provision of genetic information may enhance long-term weight loss, either by increasing dietary adherence or through underlying biological mechanisms. METHODS The investigators followed 114 overweight and obese subjects from a weight loss clinic in a 2-stage process. 1) A 24-week dietary intervention. The subjects self-selected whether to follow a standardized ketogenic diet (n = 53), or a personalised low-glycemic index (GI) nutrigenetic diet utilising information from 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms (n = 61). 2) After the 24-week diet period, the subjects were monitored for an additional 18 months using standard guidelines for the Keto group vs standard guidelines modified by nutrigenetic advice for the low-Glycaemic Index nutrigenetic diet (lowGI/NG) group. RESULTS After 24 weeks, the keto group lost more weight: - 26.2 ± 3.1 kg vs - 23.5 ± 6.4 kg (p = 0.0061). However, at 18-month follow up, the subjects in the low-GI nutrigenetic diet had lost significantly more weight (- 27.5 ± 8.9 kg) than those in the ketogenic diet who had regained some weight (- 19.4 ± 5.0 kg) (p < 0.0001). Additionally, after the 24-week diet and 18-month follow up the low-GI nutrigenetic diet group had significantly greater (p < 0.0001) improvements in total cholesterol (ketogenic - 35.4 ± 32.2 mg/dl; low-GI nutrigenetic - 52.5 ± 24.3 mg/dl), HDL cholesterol (ketogenic + 4.7 ± 4.5 mg/dl; low-GI nutrigenetic + 11.9 ± 4.1 mg/dl), and fasting glucose (ketogenic - 13.7 ± 8.4 mg/dl; low-GI nutrigenetic - 24.7 ± 7.4 mg/dl). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that the ketogenic group experienced enhanced weight loss during the 24-week dietary intervention. However, at 18-month follow up, the personalised nutrition group (lowGI/NG) lost significantly more weight and experienced significantly greater improvements in measures of cholesterol and blood glucose. This suggests that personalising nutrition has the potential to enhance long-term weight loss and changes in cardiometabolic parameters. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04330209, Registered 01/04/2020, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vranceanu
- Department of Toxicology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Craig Pickering
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Lorena Filip
- Department of Bromatology and Hygiene, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Ecaterina Pralea
- Department of Toxicology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | | | | | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- Department of Toxicology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Keith A. Grimaldi
- Department of Nutrigenetics and Personalized Nutrition, Eurogenetica, Rome, Italy
- Prenetics DNAfit Research Centre, London, UK
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Horne JR, Gilliland JA, O'Connor CP, Seabrook JA, Madill J. Change in Weight, BMI, and Body Composition in a Population-Based Intervention Versus Genetic-Based Intervention: The NOW Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1419-1427. [PMID: 32935529 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare changes in body fat percentage (BFP), weight, and BMI between a standard intervention and a nutrigenomics intervention. METHODS The Nutrigenomics, Overweight/Obesity and Weight Management (NOW) trial is a parallel-group, pragmatic, randomized controlled clinical trial incorporated into the Group Lifestyle BalanceTM (GLB) Program. Statistical analyses included two-way ANOVA and split-plot ANOVA. Inclusion criteria consisted of: BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 , ≥18 years of age, English speaking, willing to undergo genetic testing, having internet access, and not seeing another health care provider for weight-loss advice outside of the study. Pregnancy and lactation were exclusion criteria. GLB groups were randomly assigned 1 to 1 (N = 140) so that participants received either the standard 12-month GLB program or a modified 12-month program (GLB plus nutrigenomics), which included the provision of nutrigenomics information and advice for weight management. The primary outcome was percent change in BFP. Secondary outcomes were change in weight and BMI. RESULTS The GLB plus nutrigenomics group experienced significantly (P < 0.05) greater reductions in percent and absolute BFP at the 3-month follow-up and percent BFP at the 6-month follow-up compared with the standard GLB group. CONCLUSIONS The nutrigenomics intervention used in the NOW trial can optimize change in body composition up to 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine R Horne
- Graduate Program in Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- The East Elgin Family Health Team, Aylmer, Ontario, Canada
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason A Gilliland
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Health Studies, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geography, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colleen P O'Connor
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamie A Seabrook
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet Madill
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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