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Merillas B, Villafañe F, Rodríguez-Pérez MÁ. Improving the Insulating Capacity of Polyurethane Foams through Polyurethane Aerogel Inclusion: From Insulation to Superinsulation. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132232. [PMID: 35808067 PMCID: PMC9268151 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthesis of polyurethane foam/polyurethane aerogel (PUF–PUA) composites is presented. Three different polyurethane reticulated foams which present the same density but different pore sizes (named S for small, M for medium, and L for large) have been used. After the characterization of the reference materials (either, foams, and pure aerogel), the obtained composites have been characterized in order to study the effect of the foam pore size on the final properties, so that density, shrinkage, porous structure, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity are determined. A clear influence of the pore size on the density and shrinkage was found, and the lowest densities are those obtained from L composites (123 kg/m3). Moreover, the aerogel density and shrinkage have been significantly reduced through the employment of the polyurethane (PU) foam skeleton. Due to the enhanced mechanical properties of polyurethane aerogels, the inclusion of polyurethane aerogel into the foam skeleton helps to increase the elastic modulus of the foams from 0.03 and 0.08 MPa to 0.85 MPa, while keeping great flexibility and recovery ratios. Moreover, the synthesized PUF–PUA composites show an excellent insulating performance, reducing the initial thermal conductivity values from 34.1, 40.3, and 50.6 mW/(m K) at 10 °C for the foams S, M, and L, to 15.8, 16.6, and 16.1 mW/(m K), respectively. Additionally, the effect of the different heat transfer mechanisms to the total thermal conductivity is herein analyzed by using a theoretical model as well as the influence of the measurement temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Merillas
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (M.Á.R.-P.); Tel.: +34-98-3423194 (B.M.); +34-98-3184035 (M.Á.R.-P.)
| | - Fernando Villafañe
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Pérez
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- BioEcoUVA Research Institute on Bioeconomy, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (M.Á.R.-P.); Tel.: +34-98-3423194 (B.M.); +34-98-3184035 (M.Á.R.-P.)
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Brondi C, Maio ED, Bertucelli L, Parenti V, Mosciatti T. The effect of organofluorine additives on the morphology, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams. J CELL PLAST 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x20987152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of liquid-type organofluorine additives (OFAs) on the morphology, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane (PU) and polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams. Foams were characterized in terms of their morphology (density, average cell size, anisotropy ratio, open cell content), thermal conductivity and compressive as well as flexural properties. Based on the results, we observed that OFAs efficiently reduced the average cell size of both PU and PIR foams, leading to improved thermal insulating and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Brondi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ernesto Di Maio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Vanni Parenti
- DOW Italia s.r.l, Polyurethanes R&D, Correggio, Italy
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Microstructure Measurement and Microgeometric Packing Characterization of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Defects. CELLULAR POLYMERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/026248931703600402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Streak and blister cell defects pose extensive surface problems for rigid polyurethane foams. In this study, these morphological anomalies were visually inspected using 2D optical techniques, and the cell microstructural coefficients including degree of anisotropy cell circumdiameter, and the volumetric isoperimetric quotient were calculated from the observations. A geometric regular polyhedron approximation method was developed based on relative density equations, in order to characterize the packing structures of both normal and anomalous cells. The reversely calculated cell volume constant, Cc, from polyhedron geometric voxels was compared with the empirical polyhedron cell volume value, Ch. The geometric relationship between actual cells and approximated polyhedrons was characterized by the defined volumetric isoperimetric quotient. Binary packing structures were derived from deviation comparisons between the two cell volume constants, and the assumed partial relative density ratios of the two individual packing polyhedrons. The modelling results show that normal cells have a similar packing to the Weaire-Phelan model, while anomalous cells have a dodecahedron/icosidodecahedron binary packing.
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Estravís S, Tirado-Mediavilla J, Santiago-Calvo M, Ruiz-Herrero JL, Villafañe F, Rodríguez-Pérez MÁ. Rigid polyurethane foams with infused nanoclays: Relationship between cellular structure and thermal conductivity. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Li Q, Chen L, Li X, Zhang J, Zheng K, Zhang X, Tian X. Effect of nano-titanium nitride on thermal insulating and flame-retardant performances of phenolic foam. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiulong Li
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei 230031 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei 230031 People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei 230031 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei 230031 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohai Li
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei 230031 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei 230031 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei 230031 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei 230031 People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei 230031 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei 230031 People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei 230031 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei 230031 People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyou Tian
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei 230031 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei 230031 People's Republic of China
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3D Analysis of the progressive modification of the cellular architecture in polyurethane nanocomposite foams via X-ray microtomography. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Antunes M, Velasco JI, Solórzano E, Rodríguez‐Pérez MÁ. Heat Transfer in Polyolefin Foams. ADVANCED STRUCTURED MATERIALS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/8611_2010_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Rodriguez-Perez M, Lobos J, Perez-Muñoz C, de Saja J. Mechanical Response of Polyethylene Foams with High Densities and Cell Sizes in the Microcellular Range. J CELL PLAST 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x09103946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the compressive mechanical response at low strains for a collection of polyethylene foams with high densities and cell sizes in the microcellular range. The materials under study had a relative density between 0.27 and 0.92, a homogeneous and multi-structured cellular structure with a dense skin and a foamed core. The Young’s modulus and collapse stress were reduced when density did, the modulus following a linear trend and the collapse stress a quadratic tendency. For relative densities higher than 0.7, the materials showed Young’s modulus slightly above the limit given by a potential law with exponent equal to one. In addition, it has been proved that variations in the cell size did not influence the elastic properties. The advantages of using these materials for flat structural panels have been analyzed. A reduction of the weight of flat panels loaded in bending of up to 35% can be reached by using these foams in spite of the solid sheet from which the foam was produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Rodriguez-Perez
- Celllular Materials Group (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics Department, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain,
| | - J. Lobos
- Celllular Materials Group (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics Department, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - C.A. Perez-Muñoz
- Celllular Materials Group (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics Department, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - J.A. de Saja
- Celllular Materials Group (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics Department, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Rodriguez-Perez M, Lobos J, Perez-Muñoz C, de Saja J, Gonzalez L, del Carpio B. Mechanical Behaviour at Low Strains of LDPE Foams with Cell Sizes in the Microcellular Range: Advantages of Using These Materials in Structural Elements. CELLULAR POLYMERS 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/026248930802700602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the production method and the compressive mechanical response at low strains for a collection of polyethylene foams with high densities and cell sizes in the microcellular range. The materials were produced using an improved compression moulding technique that allows and independent control of density and cell size. The materials had a relative density between 0.27 and 0.92, an homogeneous and multi-structured cellular structure with dense skin and foamed core and cell sizes in the range 30 to 100 microns. The Young's modulus decreased with density. For relative densities higher than 0.7, the reduced Young's modulus of the foams was higher than that of the solid. In addition, it has been proved that variations in the cell size at constant density did not influence the Young's modulus. The advantages of using these materials for the production of plastic pipes have been analysed. In comparison with a solid pipe a reduction of the weight of foamed pipes loaded in compression of up to 40% can be reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Rodriguez-Perez
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics Department, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - J. Lobos
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics Department, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - C.A. Perez-Muñoz
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics Department, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - J.A. de Saja
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics Department, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - L. Gonzalez
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Departamento de Enseñanzas Básicas de la Ingeniería Naval, ETSI Navales, Madrid, Spain
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Rodríguez-Pérez MA. Crosslinked Polyolefin Foams: Production, Structure, Properties, and Applications. CROSSLINKING IN MATERIALS SCIENCE 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/b136244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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