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Żmudzka E, Lustyk K, Siwek A, Wolak M, Gałuszka A, Jaśkowska J, Kołaczkowski M, Sapa J, Pytka K. Novel Arylpiperazine Derivatives of Salicylamide with α 1-Adrenolytic Properties Showed Antiarrhythmic and Hypotensive Properties in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010293. [PMID: 36613736 PMCID: PMC9820316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Unfortunately, the available pharmacotherapeutic options have limited effectiveness. Therefore, developing new drug candidates remains very important. We selected six novel arylpiperazine alkyl derivatives of salicylamide to investigate their cardiovascular effects. Having in mind the beneficial role of α1-adrenergic receptors in restoring sinus rhythm and regulating blood pressure, first, using radioligand binding assays, we evaluated the affinity of the tested compounds for α-adrenergic receptors. Our experiments revealed their high to moderate affinity for α1- but not α2-adrenoceptors. Next, we aimed to determine the antiarrhythmic potential of novel derivatives in rat models of arrhythmia induced by adrenaline, calcium chloride, or aconitine. All compounds showed potent prophylactic antiarrhythmic activity in the adrenaline-induced arrhythmia model and no effects in calcium chloride- or aconitine-induced arrhythmias. Moreover, the tested compounds demonstrated therapeutic antiarrhythmic activity, restoring a normal sinus rhythm immediately after the administration of the arrhythmogen adrenaline. Notably, none of the tested derivatives affected the normal electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters in rodents, which excludes their proarrhythmic potential. Finally, all tested compounds decreased blood pressure in normotensive rats and reversed the pressor response to methoxamine, suggesting that their hypotensive mechanism of action is connected with the blockade of α1-adrenoceptors. Our results confirm the antiarrhythmic and hypotensive activities of novel arylpiperazine derivatives and encourage their further investigation as model structures for potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Żmudzka
- Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Klaudia Lustyk
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wolak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Gałuszka
- Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jolanta Jaśkowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Kołaczkowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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Choi JW, Joo Ahn H, Yang M, Kim JA, Lee SM, Ahn JH. Comparison Between Phenylephrine and Dopamine in Maintaining Cerebral Oxygen Saturation in Thoracic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2212. [PMID: 26656357 PMCID: PMC5008502 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluid is usually restricted during thoracic surgery, and vasoactive agents are often administered to maintain blood pressure. One-lung ventilation (OLV) decreases arterial oxygenation; thus oxygen delivery to the brain can be decreased. In this study, we compared phenylephrine and dopamine with respect to maintaining cerebral oxygenation during OLV in major thoracic surgery.Sixty-three patients undergoing lobectomies were randomly assigned to the dopamine (D) or phenylephrine (P) group. The patients' mean arterial pressure was maintained within 20% of baseline by a continuous infusion of dopamine or phenylephrine. Maintenance fluid was kept at 5 mL/kg/h. The depth of anesthesia was maintained with desflurane 1MAC and remifentanil infusion under bispectral index guidance. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) and hemodynamic variables were recorded using near-infrared spectroscopy and esophageal cardiac Doppler.The rScO2 was higher in the D group than the P group during OLV (OLV 60 min: 71 ± 6% vs 63 ± 12%; P = 0.03). The number of patients whose rScO2 dropped more than 20% from baseline was 0 and 6 in the D and P groups, respectively (P = 0.02). The D group showed higher cardiac output, but lower mean arterial pressure than the P group (4.7 ± 1.0 vs 3.9 ± 1.2 L/min; 76.7 ± 8.1 vs 84.5 ± 7.5 mm Hg; P = 0.02, P = 0.02). Among the variables, age, hemoglobin concentration, and cardiac output were associated with rScO2 by correlation analysis.Dopamine was superior to phenylephrine in maintaining cerebral oxygenation during OLV in thoracic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Choi
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Analysis of plethysmographic waveform changes induced by beach chair positioning under general anesthesia. J Clin Monit Comput 2014; 28:591-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10877-014-9555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kurosawa H, Seto Y, Wakamatsu H, Sato Y, Takase S, Omata S, Yokoyama H. Effects of phenylephrine and noradrenaline on coronary artery motion in an open-chest porcine beating heart model. Surg Today 2013; 44:1128-37. [PMID: 23812899 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-013-0639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE During off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB), surgeons are required to perform a precise anastomosis on the beating heart. The hypotension caused by vertical displacement of the heart during OPCAB is usually treated with vasopressors, such as noradrenaline and phenylephrine. However, the effects of these agents on coronary artery motion are unknown. The present study analyzed the motion of the target coronary arteries during noradrenaline or phenylephrine infusion using three-dimensional motion capture and reconstruction technology. METHODS The left anterior descending (LAD) artery, left circumflex (LCX) artery and right coronary artery (RCA) of 12 female landrace pigs (weight 50 ± 1 kg) were stabilized using a tissue stabilizer. The motions in the regions were captured before and during noradrenaline (n = 5) and phenylephrine (n = 7) infusion. RESULTS Noradrenaline (0.15 μg/kg/min) and phenylephrine (1.1 μg/kg/min) significantly increased the blood pressure. Noradrenaline significantly increased the motion parameters, such as the distance moved, maximum velocity, acceleration and deceleration at the LAD (4.2 vs. 7.9 mm, P = 0.025; 95.7 vs. 215.5 mm/s, P = 0.0074; 35.3 vs. 83.6 m/s(2), P = 0.0096 and -35.6 vs. -83.6 m/s(2), P = 0.005, respectively). The values during phenylephrine infusion did not change except for the distance moved at the LAD (3.8 vs. 7.7 mm, P = 0.042). The motion parameters at the LCX and RCA during noradrenaline and phenylephrine infusion did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS The effect of phenylephrine on the coronary artery motion was less dramatic than that of noradrenaline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kurosawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan,
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Morimatsu H, Ishikawa K, May CN, Bailey M, Bellomo R. The Systemic and Regional Hemodynamic Effects of Phenylephrine in Sheep Under Normal Conditions and During Early Hyperdynamic Sepsis. Anesth Analg 2012; 115:330-42. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31825681ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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The Impact of Phenylephrine, Ephedrine, and Increased Preload on Third-Generation Vigileo-FloTrac and Esophageal Doppler Cardiac Output Measurements. Anesth Analg 2011; 113:751-7. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31822649fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Brassard P, Seifert T, Wissenberg M, Jensen PM, Hansen CK, Secher NH. Phenylephrine decreases frontal lobe oxygenation at rest but not during moderately intense exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 108:1472-8. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01206.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether sympathetic activity influences cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygenation remains controversial. The influence of sympathetic activity on CBF and oxygenation was evaluated by the effect of phenylephrine on middle cerebral artery (MCA) mean flow velocity ( Vmean) and the near-infrared spectroscopy-derived frontal lobe oxygenation (ScO2) at rest and during exercise. At rest, nine healthy male subjects received bolus injections of phenylephrine (0.1, 0.25, and 0.4 mg), and changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP), MCA Vmean, internal jugular venous O2 saturation (SjvO2), ScO2, and arterial Pco2 (PaCO2) were measured and the cerebral metabolic rate for O2 (CMRO2) was calculated. In randomized order, a bolus of saline or 0.3 mg of phenylephrine was then injected during semisupine cycling, eliciting a low (∼110 beats/min) or a high (∼150 beats/min) heart rate. At rest, MAP and MCA Vmean increased ∼20% ( P < 0.001) and ∼10% ( P < 0.001 for 0.25 mg of phenylephrine and P < 0.05 for 0.4 mg of phenylephrine), respectively. ScO2 then decreased ∼7% ( P < 0.001). Phenylephrine had no effect on SjvO2, PaCO2, or CMRO2. MAP increased after the administration of phenylephrine during low-intensity exercise (∼15%), but this was attenuated (∼10%) during high-intensity exercise ( P < 0.001). The reduction in ScO2 after administration of phenylephrine was attenuated during low-intensity exercise (−5%, P < 0.001) and abolished during high-intensity exercise (−3%, P = not significant), where PaCO2 decreased 7% ( P < 0.05) and CMRO2 increased 17% ( P < 0.05). These results suggest that the administration of phenylephrine reduced ScO2 but that the increased cerebral metabolism needed for moderately intense exercise eliminated that effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Brassard
- Department of Anesthesia, The Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Seifert
- Department of Anesthesia, The Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Wissenberg
- Department of Anesthesia, The Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter M. Jensen
- Department of Anesthesia, The Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian K. Hansen
- Department of Anesthesia, The Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels H. Secher
- Department of Anesthesia, The Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nissen P, Brassard P, Jørgensen TB, Secher NH. Phenylephrine but not ephedrine reduces frontal lobe oxygenation following anesthesia-induced hypotension. Neurocrit Care 2009; 12:17-23. [PMID: 19957053 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-009-9313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasopressor agents are used to correct anesthesia-induced hypotension. We describe the effect of phenylephrine and ephedrine on frontal lobe oxygenation (S(c)O(2)) following anesthesia-induced hypotension. METHODS Following induction of anesthesia by fentanyl (0.15 mg kg(-1)) and propofol (2.0 mg kg(-1)), 13 patients received phenylephrine (0.1 mg iv) and 12 patients received ephedrine (10 mg iv) to restore mean arterial pressure (MAP). Heart rate (HR), MAP, stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and frontal lobe oxygenation (S(c)O(2)) were registered. RESULTS Induction of anesthesia was followed by a decrease in MAP, HR, SV, and CO concomitant with an elevation in S(c)O(2). After administration of phenylephrine, MAP increased (51 +/- 12 to 81 +/- 13 mmHg; P < 0.001; mean +/- SD). However, a 14% (from 70 +/- 8% to 60 +/- 7%) reduction in S(c)O(2) (P < 0.05) followed with no change in CO (3.7 +/- 1.1 to 3.4 +/- 0.9 l min(-1)). The administration of ephedrine led to a similar increase in MAP (53 +/- 9 to 79 +/- 8 mmHg; P < 0.001), restored CO (3.2 +/- 1.2 to 5.0 +/- 1.3 l min(-1)), and preserved S(c)O(2). CONCLUSIONS The utilization of phenylephrine to correct hypotension induced by anesthesia has a negative impact on S(c)O(2) while ephedrine maintains frontal lobe oxygenation potentially related to an increase in CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nissen
- Department of Anesthesia, Rigshospitalet 2041, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Weiss M, Hassna R, Sermsappasuk P, Bednarek T. Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling of the effect of propofol on α1-adrenoceptor-mediated positive inotropy in rat heart. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 38:389-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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