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Heeman W, Steenbergen W, van Dam GM, Boerma EC. Clinical applications of laser speckle contrast imaging: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-11. [PMID: 31385481 PMCID: PMC6983474 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.8.080901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
When a biological tissue is illuminated with coherent light, an interference pattern will be formed at the detector, the so-called speckle pattern. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a technique based on the dynamic change in this backscattered light as a result of interaction with red blood cells. It can be used to visualize perfusion in various tissues and, even though this technique has been extensively described in the literature, the actual clinical implementation lags behind. We provide an overview of LSCI as a tool to image tissue perfusion. We present a brief introduction to the theory, review clinical studies from various medical fields, and discuss current limitations impeding clinical acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wido Heeman
- University of Groningen, Faculty Campus Fryslân, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Surgery, Optical Molecular Imaging Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- LIMIS Development BV, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Wiendelt Steenbergen
- University of Twente, Techmed Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gooitzen M. van Dam
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Surgery, Optical Molecular Imaging Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E. Christiaan Boerma
- Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Department of Intensive Care, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Address all correspondence to E. Christiaan Boerma, E-mail:
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van Vuuren TM, Van Zandvoort C, Doganci S, Zwiers I, tenCate-Hoek AJ, Kurstjens RL, Wittens CH. Prediction of venous wound healing with laser speckle imaging. Phlebology 2017; 32:658-664. [PMID: 28669247 PMCID: PMC6375351 DOI: 10.1177/0268355517718760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Laser speckle imaging is used for noninvasive assessment of blood flow of cutaneous wounds. The aim of this study was to assess if laser speckle imaging can be used as a predictor of venous ulcer healing. Methods After generating the flux speckle images, three regions of interest (ROI) were identified to measure the flow. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value for ulcer healing were calculated. Results In total, 17 limbs were included. A sensitivity of 92.3%, specificity of 75.0%, PPV of 80.0%, and NPV 75.0% were found in predicting wound healing based on laser speckle images. Mean flux values were lowest in the center (ROI I) and showed an increase at the wound edge (ROI II, p = 0.03). Conclusion Laser speckle imaging shows acceptable sensitivity and specificity rates in predicting venous ulcer healing. The wound edge proved to be the best probability for the prediction of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timme Maj van Vuuren
- 1 Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,2 Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carina Van Zandvoort
- 1 Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Suat Doganci
- 3 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gülhane School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ineke Zwiers
- 1 Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arina J tenCate-Hoek
- 2 Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,4 Department of Thrombosis, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph Lm Kurstjens
- 1 Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,2 Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haga Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Ha Wittens
- 1 Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,2 Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,6 Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Aachen, Germany
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Grau M, Bölck B, Bizjak DA, Stabenow CJA, Bloch W. The red-vine-leaf extract AS195 increases nitric oxide synthase-dependent nitric oxide generation and decreases oxidative stress in endothelial and red blood cells. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2016; 4:e00213. [PMID: 26977302 PMCID: PMC4777269 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The red‐vine‐leaf extract AS195 improves cutaneous oxygen supply and the microcirculation in patients suffering from chronic venous insufficiency. Regulation of blood flow was associated to nitric oxide synthase (NOS)‐dependent NO (nitric oxide) production, and endothelial and red blood cells (RBC) have been shown to possess respective NOS isoforms. It was hypothesized that AS195 positively affects NOS activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and RBC. Because patients with microvascular disorders show increased oxidative stress which limits NO bioavailability, it was further hypothesized that AS195 increases NO bioavailability by decreasing the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing antioxidant capacity. Cultured HUVECs and RBCs from healthy volunteers were incubated with AS195 (100 μmol/L), tert‐butylhydroperoxide (TBHP, 1 mmol/L) to induce oxidative stress and with both AS195 and TBHP. Endothelial and red blood cell–nitric oxide synthase (RBC‐NOS) activation significantly increased after AS195 incubation. Nitrite concentration, a marker for NO production, increased in HUVEC but decreased in RBC after AS195 application possibly due to nitrite scavenging potential of flavonoids. S‐nitrosylation of RBC cytoskeletal spectrins and RBC deformability were increased after AS195 incubation. TBHP‐induced ROS were decreased by AS195, and antioxidative capacity was significantly increased in AS195‐treated cells. TBHP also reduced RBC deformability, but reduction was attenuated by parallel incubation with AS195. Adhesion of HUVEC was also reduced after AS195 treatment. Red‐vine‐leaf extract AS195 increases NOS activation and decreases oxidative stress. Both mechanisms increase NO bioavailability, improve cell function, and may thus account for enhanced microcirculation in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke Grau
- Departments Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine German Sport University Cologne Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6 Cologne Germany
| | - Birgit Bölck
- Departments Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine German Sport University Cologne Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6 Cologne Germany
| | - Daniel Alexander Bizjak
- Departments Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine German Sport University Cologne Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6 Cologne Germany
| | - Christina Julia Annika Stabenow
- Departments Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine German Sport University Cologne Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6 Cologne Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Departments Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine German Sport University Cologne Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6 Cologne Germany
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