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Nguyen KT, Brooks D, Macedo LG, Ellerton C, Goldstein R, Alison JA, Dechman G, Harrison SL, Holland AE, Lee AL, Marques A, Spencer L, Stickland MK, Skinner EH, Haines KJ, Beauchamp MK. Balance measures for fall risk screening in community-dwelling older adults with COPD: A longitudinal analysis. Respir Med 2024; 230:107681. [PMID: 38821219 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) increases fall risk, but consensus is lacking on suitable balance measures for fall risk screening in this group. We aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of balance measures for fall risk screening in community-dwelling older adults with COPD. METHODS In a secondary analysis of two studies, participants, aged ≥60 years with COPD and 12-month fall history or balance issues were tracked for 12-month prospective falls. Baseline balance measures - Brief Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Brief BESTest), single leg stance (SLS), Timed Up and Go (TUG), and TUG Dual-Task (TUG-DT) test - were assessed using intra-class correlation (ICC2,1) for reliability, Pearson/Spearman correlation with balance-related factors for convergent validity, t-tests/Wilcoxon rank-sum tests with fall-related and disease-related factors for known-groups validity, and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) for predictive validity. RESULTS Among 174 participants (73 ± 8 years; 86 females) with COPD, all balance measures showed excellent inter-rater and test-retest reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.88-0.97) and moderate convergent validity (r = 0.34-0.77) with related measures. Brief BESTest and SLS test had acceptable known-groups validity (p < 0.05) for 12-month fall history, self-reported balance problems, and gait aid use. TUG test and TUG-DT test discriminated between groups based on COPD severity, supplemental oxygen use, and gait aid use. All measures displayed insufficient predictive validity (AUC<0.70) for 12-month prospective falls. CONCLUSION Though all four balance measures demonstrated excellent reliability, they lack accuracy in prospectively predicting falls in community-dwelling older adults with COPD. These measures are best utilized within multi-factorial fall risk assessments for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khang T Nguyen
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dina Brooks
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Respiratory Medicine, West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luciana G Macedo
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Cindy Ellerton
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger Goldstein
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Alison
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Allied Health, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gail Dechman
- School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Samantha L Harrison
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Anne E Holland
- Department of Physiotherapy, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Respiratory Research, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Annemarie L Lee
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alda Marques
- Lab3R-Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory, School of Health Sciences (ESSUA) and Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lissa Spencer
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Physiotherapy, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael K Stickland
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; G.F. MacDonald Centre for Lung Health, Covenant Health, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Elizabeth H Skinner
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Physiotherapy Department, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kimberley J Haines
- Physiotherapy Department, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marla K Beauchamp
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Respiratory Medicine, West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Hernández-Moreda B, Llamas-Ramos I, Llamas-Ramos R, Sánchez-González JL, Bermejo-Gil BM, Pérez-Robledo F, Frutos-Bernal E, Martín-Nogueras AM. Reliability and Validity of the Spanish Version of the Brief-BESTest in Stroke Patients. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2873. [PMID: 38792414 PMCID: PMC11121876 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Balance disorders and postural control treatments play an important role in fall prevention. The Brief-BESTest is a short-scale employed to evaluate balance and fall risk in different populations. Balance assessment is a fundamental element in patients with Acquired Brain Injury rehabilitation since postural alteration is one of the most frequent sequelae. The objective was to validate the Spanish version of the Brief-BESTest questionnaire in the stroke population. Methods: Subjects of both sexes aged over 18 years with a diagnosis of acute/chronic stroke were included. The BESTest, Mini-BESTest, Brief-BESTest, Berg Balance Scale, and Timed Up & Go Test were used to assess balance. The scales were implemented once. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess the internal consistency and confirmatory factorial analysis was employed to assess validity. Results: A total of 44 patients with a mean age of 65.35 years (SD = 10.665) participated. Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed a high internal consistency with a value of 0.839. In the criterion validity, there was a high positive correlation between the Brief-BESTest and BESTest (r = 0.879), Mini-BESTest (r = 0.808), and Berg Balance Scale (r = 0.711). Conclusion: The Spanish version of the Brief-BESTest scale is valid and reliable, showing adequate psychometric properties for balance assessment in patients with acute or chronic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Hernández-Moreda
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (B.H.-M.); (R.L.-R.); (J.L.S.-G.); (B.M.B.-G.); (F.P.-R.); (A.M.M.-N.)
| | - Inés Llamas-Ramos
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (B.H.-M.); (R.L.-R.); (J.L.S.-G.); (B.M.B.-G.); (F.P.-R.); (A.M.M.-N.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rocío Llamas-Ramos
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (B.H.-M.); (R.L.-R.); (J.L.S.-G.); (B.M.B.-G.); (F.P.-R.); (A.M.M.-N.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Sánchez-González
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (B.H.-M.); (R.L.-R.); (J.L.S.-G.); (B.M.B.-G.); (F.P.-R.); (A.M.M.-N.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Beatriz María Bermejo-Gil
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (B.H.-M.); (R.L.-R.); (J.L.S.-G.); (B.M.B.-G.); (F.P.-R.); (A.M.M.-N.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fátima Pérez-Robledo
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (B.H.-M.); (R.L.-R.); (J.L.S.-G.); (B.M.B.-G.); (F.P.-R.); (A.M.M.-N.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elisa Frutos-Bernal
- Department of Statistics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Ana María Martín-Nogueras
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (B.H.-M.); (R.L.-R.); (J.L.S.-G.); (B.M.B.-G.); (F.P.-R.); (A.M.M.-N.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Pichon R, Ménard M, Haering D, Crétual A, Beaumont M. Characteristics and Predictors of Postural Control Impairment in Patients With COPD Participating in a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2023; 43:198-204. [PMID: 36728886 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Postural control impairment has been identified as a potential extrarespiratory manifestation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aims of this study were to identify clinical factors that characterize patients with reduced postural control, to examine the correlation between clinical factors and postural control and to determine predictors of an impaired postural control among COPD participants enrolled in a pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program. METHODS This study is a secondary analysis of an observational study (PARACHUTE). The baseline assessment of the PR program was used for the analysis. Postural control impairment was defined using the Brief BESTest score (BBT). RESULTS Participants (n = 73) were included in the analysis, 43 of them were classified in the reduced postural control group. The between-group comparison (non-reduced vs reduced postural control) identified differences for partial pressure in oxygen (Pa O2 ), Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score and subscores (SGRQ-Symptoms, SGRQ-Activities, and SGRQ-Impact), COPD assessment test (CAT), and anxiety score of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The BBT score was significantly correlated with maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), SGRQ, SGRQ-Symptoms, SGRQ-Impact, Falls Efficacy Scale, modified Medical Research Council Scale, 6-min walk test, and Pa O2 . Logistic regression identified SGRQ-Symptoms, Pa O2 , MIP, and body mass index (BMI) as predictors of the presence of reduced postural control. CONCLUSION Low quality of life (QoL) and Pa O2 and high anxiety seem to be discriminative characteristics of patients with COPD with reduced postural control. Furthermore, QoL, Pa O2 , inspiratory muscle strength, and BMI seem to be acceptable predictors of the presence of postural control impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Pichon
- Institut de Formation en Pédicurie-Podologie, Ergothérapie et Kinésithérapie (IFPEK), Rennes, France (Mr Pichon); M2S Laboratory, University Rennes 2, Rennes, France (Mr Pichon and Drs Ménard, Haering, and Crétual); Institut d'Ostéopathie de Rennes-Bretagne (IO-RB), Bruz, France (Dr Ménard); and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Morlaix, France, and Inserm, Univ Brest, CHRU Brest, UMR 1304, GETBO, Brest, France (Dr Beaumont)
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Pichon R, Van Hove O, Ménard M, Hearing D, Crétual A. Impairment and characteristics of postural control sub-components in people with COPD: a scoping review. Disabil Rehabil 2022:1-16. [PMID: 36000464 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2107083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Impairment of postural control is common in people with COPD. However, the precise characteristics of this alteration are not clearly known. The "Systems Framework for Postural Control" which define postural control sub-components, represents an interesting tool to explore this field. The main aim of this review was to identify which postural control sub-components are impaired in people with COPD and to summarise characteristics for each sub-component. A secondary aim was to precise the relation between postural control and activities of daily living (ADL).Materials and methods: A scoping review was conducted, according to the JBI methodology. Medline, Cochrane Library, Scielo, Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and HAL were searched from inception to May 2022. The search was performed in English and French.Results: Eighty-nine articles were included. There was evidence of a potential impairment for most of the postural control sub-components. Characteristics of every sub-component alteration were heterogeneous. Reduced postural control could be associated with difficulties in ADL.Conclusions: People with COPD may have impairment in a wide range of postural control sub-components. Further research is needed to clarify if a common pattern of modification exits for this alteration and to precise the link with ADL.Implications for rehabilitationImpairment of postural control is a common extra-respiratory manifestation in people with COPD and so clinicians must include it in their clinical reasoning.Numerous postural control sub-components could be altered in people with COPD, suggesting that postural control assessment must be holistic.This scoping review shows that characteristics of postural control impairment are varied and that there may be no common pattern at the COPD population level.The relationship between impaired postural control and activities of daily living remains unclear, but clinicians should be alert to potential negative interactions between these two areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Pichon
- Institut de Formation en Pédicurie-Podologie, Ergothérapie et Kinésithérapie (IFPEK), Rennes, France.,M2S Laboratory - EA 7470, University Rennes 2, Rennes, France
| | | | - Mathieu Ménard
- M2S Laboratory - EA 7470, University Rennes 2, Rennes, France.,Institut d'Ostéopathie de Rennes - Bretagne (IO-RB), Bruz, France
| | - Diane Hearing
- M2S Laboratory - EA 7470, University Rennes 2, Rennes, France
| | - Armel Crétual
- M2S Laboratory - EA 7470, University Rennes 2, Rennes, France
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5
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Wang C, Chen H, Qian M, Shi Y, Zhang N, Shang S. Balance Function in Patients With COPD: A Systematic Review of Measurement Properties. Clin Nurs Res 2022; 31:1000-1013. [PMID: 35209730 DOI: 10.1177/10547738221078902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To conduct an overview, evaluation, and synthesis of measurement properties of instruments assessing balance of COPD patients. Electronic searches were performed in Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, WanFang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases up to the end of April 2021. Two reviewers independently evaluated the methodological quality using the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Status Measurement Instrument checklist, and rated the overall quality level of evidence was graded based upon a modified Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Finally, 12 instruments were included. The Berg Balance Scale and the Timed Up and Go test were the most frequently used tools to evaluate balance. None of 12 instruments provide any information regarding cross-cultural validation or criterion validation. High-quality studies exploring measurement properties with a focus on the criterion validity and cross-cultural validity of balance measurements in COPD patients are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- Peking University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Min Qian
- Peking University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexian Shi
- Peking University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Xinjiang Medical University School of Nursing, Urumqi, China
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O'Hoski S, Harrison SL, Butler S, Goldstein R, Brooks D. Clinician-Led Balance Training in Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Physiother Can 2021; 73:235-243. [PMID: 34456440 DOI: 10.3138/ptc-2019-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Guidelines for pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) include balance training but lack specific parameters. After a knowledge translation project at our site, clinicians modified the physiotherapy programme to facilitate the sustainability of balance training as part of PR. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the modified programme resulted in improved balance and balance confidence. A secondary aim was to provide information on the way in which balance training was operationalized as part of PR for clinicians wanting to incorporate it into an existing PR programme. Method: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, enrolled in a 4- to 6-week inpatient PR programme over a 1-year period. Balance training was provided biweekly with a staff-to-patient ratio of 2:11. Participants completed the brief Balance Evaluation Systems Test (brief-BESTest) and Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale at the beginning and end of PR. Results: The 85 participants had a mean age of 69.5 (SD 9.0) years. After completing an average of 7.6 balance sessions (min-max 2-13), participants showed improvements in brief-BESTest (mean difference 3.2 [95% CI: 2.5, 3.9] points) and ABC (mean difference 7.8 [95% CI: 4.1, 11.5] percent). Conclusions: A staff-to-patient ratio of 2:11 and a training frequency of twice per week for 4-6 weeks improved balance. This result will inform how we incorporate balance training into existing PR programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachi O'Hoski
- Respiratory Research, West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha L Harrison
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Stacey Butler
- Respiratory Research, West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger Goldstein
- Respiratory Research, West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dina Brooks
- Respiratory Research, West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Shinohara T, Saida K, Miyata K. Ability of the Brief-Balance Evaluation Systems Test to evaluate balance deficits in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study. Physiother Theory Pract 2020; 38:1381-1388. [PMID: 33289587 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2020.1840682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A method for assessing balance that differentiates between balance deficit can help guide effective interventions for preventing falls in older adults. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to clarify the relationship between balance control systems and falls, and to examine the ability of the Brief-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) to evaluate balance deficits in older adults. METHODS Overall, 109 community-dwelling older adults participated in this study. The history of falls in the last year was investigated. Balance deficits were assessed using the Brief-BESTest, the functional reach test, the Timed up and Go Test, and the one leg balance test. We analyzed the difference between the fallers and non-fallers across two different age groups. RESULTS Among younger-older group participants (age < 75 years), there were no significant differences between fallers and non-fallers across all variables. Among older-older group participants (age ≥ 75 years), there were significant differences in the Brief-BESTest total (p= .011; fallers, 13.5 versus non-fallers, 17.0) and section IV scores (postural responses of the Brief-BESTest; p= .026, 2.0 versus 5.0). There was no significant difference in other balance measurements. CONCLUSIONS The postural responses assessed by the Brief-BESTest may serve important functions and may be associated with falls in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Shinohara
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Care, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-Shi, Japan
| | - Kosuke Saida
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Care, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-Shi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Miyata
- Department of Physical Therapy, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Science, Ibaraki, Japan
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Aydoğan Arslan S, Demirci CS, Katirci Kirmaci Zİ, Uğurlu K, Keskin ED. Reliability and Validity of Turkish Version of The Brief-BESTest in Stroke Patients. Top Stroke Rehabil 2020; 28:488-497. [PMID: 33148123 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2020.1841424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Brief-BESTest is the short version of the BESTest used to evaluate balance and fall risk in a multiple disease populations. The clinicians need practical, short application scales to evaluate the risk of falling, balance and rehabilitation results. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Brief-BESTest (Brief-BESTest-T) in stroke patients. METHODS This study included a total of 40 subacute and chronic stroke patients (mean age of 60.28 ± 9.96 years). The Brief-BESTest, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) and 10 m walking test were applied to the patients. RESULTS A strong correlation was observed between the1st and 2nd evaluation Brief-BESTest-T total scores (r = 0.933). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was excellent. According to the correlation analysis performed to test the inter-rater reliability, a very high correlation (r = 0.906) was observed between the Brief-BESTest-T total scores. A high correlation was found between the Brief-BESTest-T and BBS and TUG, while a moderate correlation was found between the FRT, FES, and 10 m walking test. The clinical cut-off point for the Brief-BESTest - T was determined to be 9 points with an AUC of 0.872. There were no floor and ceiling effects found. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the Brief-BESTest-T had excellent internal consistency, intra-rater, and inter-rater reliability. Its concurrent, discriminant, and known-groups validity were also good and had no substantial floor and ceiling effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniye Aydoğan Arslan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Cevher Savcun Demirci
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Zekiye İpek Katirci Kirmaci
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Kübra Uğurlu
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Esra Dilek Keskin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
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