A prospective community-based study of stroke in Germany--the Erlangen Stroke Project (ESPro): incidence and case fatality at 1, 3, and 12 months

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

In Germany, basic data on stroke morbidity are lacking. If a population-based register in former East Germany is excluded, only routine mortality statistics have thus far provided information on epidemiology of stroke. Therefore, a population-based register of stroke was set up in Southern Germany to determine incidence and case fatality in a defined German population.

METHODS

The Erlangen Stroke Project (ESPro) is a prospective community-based study among the 101 450 residents of the city of Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany. Standard definitions and overlapping case-finding methods were used to identify all cases of first-ever stroke in all age-groups, occurring in the 2 years of registration (April 1, 1994, to March 31, 1996). All identified cases of first-ever strokes were followed up at 3 and 12 months from onset.

RESULTS

During 2 years of registration, 354 first-ever-in-a-lifetime strokes (FELS) were registered. The diagnosis and stroke type were confirmed by CT scan in 95% of cases. Fifty-one percent of all FELS occurred in the age group >/=75 years of age. The crude annual incidence rate was 1.74 per 1000 (1.47 for men and 2.01 for women). After age-adjustment to the European population, the incidence rate was 1.34 per 1000 (1.48 for men and 1. 25 for women). The annual crude incidence rate of cerebral infarction was 1.37/1000, intracerebral hemorrhage 0.24/1000, subarachnoid hemorrhage 0.06/1000, and unspecified stroke 0.08/1000. Overall case fatality at 28 days was 19.4%, at 3 months it was 28.5%, and at 1 year 37.3%.

CONCLUSIONS

The first prospective community-based stroke register including all age groups in Germany revealed incidence rates of stroke similar to those reported from other population-based studies in western industrialized countries, but lower than that observed in former East Germany.

The scalability of the Rivermead Motor Assessment in nonacute stroke patients

OBJECTIVE

To examine the scalability of the Rivermead Motor Assessment (RMA) with nonacute stroke patients in the community.

DESIGN

This was a prospective study of the patients after discharge from hospital. All subjects were assessed on the RMA at six and 12 months after discharge home from hospital. Coefficients of scalability and reproducibility were calculated for each of the three sections of the RMA at each assessment.

SUBJECTS

Subjects were nonacute stroke patients aged 65 years and over, nonacute stroke patients aged under 65 years, and a selected group of those aged under 65 years.

RESULTS

Only the items in the gross function section met scaling criteria with nonacute strokes in both age groups, which suggests that the items in this section were in appropriate order of difficulty. The items in the leg and trunk section were not in hierarchical order and were in fact closer to scaling if the present order were reversed.

CONCLUSIONS

The clinical and research value of the RMA, as an ordered scale, are questioned. Changes in treatment styles and philosophies may mean that some of the items themselves are out-dated.