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D’Errico A, Nasso R, Rullo R, Maiuolo J, Costanzo P, Bonacci S, Oliverio M, De Vendittis E, Masullo M, Arcone R. Effect of Hydroxytyrosol Derivatives of Donepezil on the Activity of Enzymes Involved in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Oxidative Damage. Molecules 2024; 29:548. [PMID: 38276626 PMCID: PMC10819651 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase and xanthine oxidase inhibitors represent useful multi-target drugs for the prevention, attenuation, and treatment of oxidative damage and neurodegenerative disorders. Chimeric molecules, constituted by naturally derived compounds linked to drugs, represent lead compounds to be explored for the discovery of new synthetic drugs acting as enzyme inhibitors. We have previously reported that seven hydroxytyrosol-donepezil hybrid compounds play a protective role in an in vitro neuronal cell model of Alzheimer's disease. In this work, we analyzed the effects exerted by the hybrid compounds on the activity of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and B (MAO-B), as well as on xanthine oxidase (XO), enzymes involved in both neurodegenerative disorders and oxidative stress. The results pointed to the identification, among the compounds tested, of selective inhibitors between the two classes of enzymes. While the 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethyl 1-benzylpiperidine-4-carboxylate- (HT3) and the 4-hydroxyphenethyl 1-benzylpiperidine-4-carboxylate- donepezil derivatives (HT4) represented the best inhibitors of MAO-A, with a scarce effect on MAO-B, they were almost ineffective on XO. On the other hand, the 4,5-dihydroxy-2-nitrophenethyl 1-benzylpiperidine-4-carboxylate donepezil derivative (HT2), the least efficient MAO inhibitor, acted like the best XO inhibitor. Therefore, the differential enzymatic targets identified among the hybrid compounds synthesized enhance the possible applications of these polyphenol-donepezil hybrids in neurodegenerative disorders and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio D’Errico
- Department of Medical, Movement and Well-Being Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.); (R.N.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosarita Nasso
- Department of Medical, Movement and Well-Being Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.); (R.N.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosario Rullo
- Institute for the Animal Production Systems in the Mediterranean Environment, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Paola Costanzo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12C, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Sonia Bonacci
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Manuela Oliverio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Emmanuele De Vendittis
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Mariorosario Masullo
- Department of Medical, Movement and Well-Being Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.); (R.N.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosaria Arcone
- Department of Medical, Movement and Well-Being Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.); (R.N.); (R.A.)
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