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Rashid B, Glasser MF, Nichols T, Van Essen D, Juttukonda MR, Schwab NA, Greve DN, Yacoub E, Lovely A, Terpstra M, Harms MP, Bookheimer SY, Ances BM, Salat DH, Arnold SE. Cardiovascular and metabolic health is associated with functional brain connectivity in middle-aged and older adults: Results from the Human Connectome Project-Aging study. Neuroimage 2023; 276:120192. [PMID: 37247763 PMCID: PMC10330931 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Several cardiovascular and metabolic indicators, such as cholesterol and blood pressure have been associated with altered neural and cognitive health as well as increased risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in later life. In this cross-sectional study, we examined how an aggregate index of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factor measures was associated with correlation-based estimates of resting-state functional connectivity (FC) across a broad adult age-span (36-90+ years) from 930 volunteers in the Human Connectome Project Aging (HCP-A). Increased (i.e., worse) aggregate cardiometabolic scores were associated with reduced FC globally, with especially strong effects in insular, medial frontal, medial parietal, and superior temporal regions. Additionally, at the network-level, FC between core brain networks, such as default-mode and cingulo-opercular, as well as dorsal attention networks, showed strong effects of cardiometabolic risk. These findings highlight the lifespan impact of cardiovascular and metabolic health on whole-brain functional integrity and how these conditions may disrupt higher-order network integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnaly Rashid
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA 02129, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Matthew F Glasser
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - David Van Essen
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Meher R Juttukonda
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA 02129, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nadine A Schwab
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA 02129, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Douglas N Greve
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA 02129, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Allison Lovely
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA 02129, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Michael P Harms
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Beau M Ances
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - David H Salat
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA 02129, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA 02129, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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2
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Vogt NM, Hunt JFV, Ma Y, Van Hulle CA, Adluru N, Chappell RJ, Lazar KK, Jacobson LE, Austin BP, Asthana S, Johnson SC, Bendlin BB, Carlsson CM. Effects of simvastatin on white matter integrity in healthy middle-aged adults. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:1656-1667. [PMID: 34275209 PMCID: PMC8351379 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The brain is the most cholesterol‐rich organ and myelin contains 70% of total brain cholesterol. Statins are potent cholesterol‐lowing medications used by millions of adults for prevention of vascular disease, yet the effect of statins on cholesterol‐rich brain white matter (WM) is largely unknown. Methods We used longitudinal neuroimaging data acquired from 73 healthy, cognitively unimpaired, statin‐naïve, middle‐aged adults during an 18‐month randomized controlled trial of simvastatin 40 mg daily (n = 35) or matching placebo (n = 38). ANCOVA models (covariates: age, sex, APOE‐ɛ4) tested the effect of treatment group on percent change in WM, gray matter (GM), and WM hyperintensity (WMH) neuroimaging measures at each study visit. Mediation analysis tested the indirect effects of simvastatin on WM microstructure through change in serum total cholesterol levels. Results At 18 months, the simvastatin group showed a significant preservation in global WM fractional anisotropy (β = 0.88%, 95% CI 0.27 to 1.50, P = 0.005), radial diffusivity (β = −1.10%, 95% CI −2.13 to −0.06, P = 0.039), and WM volume (β = 0.72%, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.32, P = 0.018) relative to the placebo group. There was no significant effect of simvastatin on GM or WMH volume. Change in serum total cholesterol mediated approximately 30% of the effect of simvastatin on WM microstructure. Conclusions Simvastatin treatment in healthy, middle‐aged adults resulted in preserved WM microstructure and volume at 18 months. The partial mediation by serum cholesterol reduction suggests both peripheral and central mechanisms. Future studies are needed to determine whether these effects persist and translate to cognitive outcomes. Trial Registration NCT00939822 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Vogt
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jack F V Hunt
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Yue Ma
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Carol A Van Hulle
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nagesh Adluru
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Richard J Chappell
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Karen K Lazar
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Laura E Jacobson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Benjamin P Austin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin.,Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin.,Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin.,Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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3
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Iriondo A, García-Sebastian M, Arrospide A, Arriba M, Aurtenetxe S, Barandiaran M, Clerigue M, Ecay-Torres M, Estanga A, Gabilondo A, Izagirre A, Saldias J, Tainta M, Villanua J, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Mar J, Abad-García B, Dias IHK, Goñi FM, Martínez-Lage P. Cerebrospinal Fluid 7-Ketocholesterol Level is Associated with Amyloid-β42 and White Matter Microstructure in Cognitively Healthy Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:643-656. [PMID: 32538843 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal cholesterol metabolism changes the neuronal membrane and may promote amyloidogenesis. Oxysterols in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Cholesterol turnover is important for axonal and white matter (WM) microstructure maintenance. OBJECTIVE We aim to demonstrate that the association of oxysterols, AD biomarkers, and WM microstructure occurs early in asymptomatic individuals. METHODS We studied the association of inter-individual variability of CSF 24-hydroxycholesterol (24-OHC), 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC), 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC), 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7β-OHC), amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), total-tau (t-tau), phosphorylated-tau (p-tau), neurofilament (NfL), and WM microstructure using diffusion tensor imaging, generalized linear models and moderation/mediation analyses in 153 healthy adults. RESULTS Higher 7-KC levels were related to lower Aβ42, indicative of greater AD pathology (p = 0.041) . Higher 7-KC levels were related to lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher mean (MD), axial (AxD), and radial (RD) diffusivity. 7-KC modulated the association between AxD and NfL in the corpus callosum splenium (B = 39.39, p = 0.017), genu (B = 68.64, p = 0.000), and fornix (B = 10.97, p = 0.000). Lower Aβ42 levels were associated to lower FA and higher MD, AxD, and RD in the fornix, corpus callosum, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and hippocampus. The association between AxD and Aβ42 was moderated by 7K-C (p = 0.048). CONCLUSION This study adds clinical evidence to support the role of 7K-C on axonal integrity and the involvement of cholesterol metabolism in the Aβ42 generation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Iriondo
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Maite García-Sebastian
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Arantzazu Arrospide
- Gipuzkoa Primary Care - Integrated Health Care Organizations Research Unit, Alto Deba Integrated Health Care Organisation, Nafarroa Hiribidea, Arrasate, Gipuzkoa, Spain.,Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Doctor Begiristain, Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maria Arriba
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Sara Aurtenetxe
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Myriam Barandiaran
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Montserrat Clerigue
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Mirian Ecay-Torres
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Ainara Estanga
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Alazne Gabilondo
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Andrea Izagirre
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain.,Department of Nursing II, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain
| | - Jon Saldias
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Mikel Tainta
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Jorge Villanua
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Mar
- Gipuzkoa Primary Care - Integrated Health Care Organizations Research Unit, Alto Deba Integrated Health Care Organisation, Nafarroa Hiribidea, Arrasate, Gipuzkoa, Spain.,Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Doctor Begiristain, Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Beatriz Abad-García
- Central Analysis Service, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Irundika H K Dias
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Felix M Goñi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Pablo Martínez-Lage
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
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4
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Iriondo A, García-Sebastian M, Arrospide A, Arriba M, Aurtenetxe S, Barandiaran M, Clerigue M, Ecay-Torres M, Estanga A, Gabilondo A, Izagirre A, Saldias J, Tainta M, Villanua J, Mar J, Goñi FM, Martínez-Lage P. Plasma lipids are associated with white matter microstructural changes and axonal degeneration. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1043-1057. [PMID: 32748320 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dislipidemia is a risk factor for cognitive impairment. We studied the association between interindividual variability of plasma lipids and white matter (WM) microstructure, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in 273 healthy adults. Special focus was placed on 7 regions of interest (ROI) which are structural components of cognitive neurocircuitry. We also investigated the effect of plasma lipids on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light chain (NfL), an axonal degeneration marker. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels showed a negative association with axial diffusivity (AxD) in multiple regions. High density lipoproteins (HDL) showed a positive correlation. The association was independent of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, blood pressure or use of statins. LDL moderated the relation between NfL and AxD in the body of the corpus callosum (p = 0.041), right cingulum gyrus (p = 0.041), right fornix/stria terminalis (p = 0.025) and right superior longitudinal fasciculus (p = 0.020) and TG in the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus (p = 0.004) and left fornix/stria terminalis (p = 0.001). We conclude that plasma lipids are associated to WM microstructural changes and axonal degeneration and might represent a risk factor in the transition from healthy aging to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Iriondo
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maite García-Sebastian
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Arantzazu Arrospide
- Gipuzkoa Primary Care - Integrated Health Care Organizations Research Unit. Alto Deba Integrated Health Care Organisation, Arrasate, Spain.,Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maria Arriba
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Sara Aurtenetxe
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Myriam Barandiaran
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Montserrat Clerigue
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Mirian Ecay-Torres
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ainara Estanga
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alazne Gabilondo
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Andrea Izagirre
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.,Department of Nursing II, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Jon Saldias
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Mikel Tainta
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jorge Villanua
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Javier Mar
- Gipuzkoa Primary Care - Integrated Health Care Organizations Research Unit. Alto Deba Integrated Health Care Organisation, Arrasate, Spain.,Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Felix M Goñi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Pablo Martínez-Lage
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
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5
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Johnson NF, Gold BT, Ross D, Bailey AL, Clasey JL, Gupta V, Leung SW, Powell DK. Non-fasting High-Density Lipoprotein Is Associated With White Matter Microstructure in Healthy Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:100. [PMID: 31133843 PMCID: PMC6513892 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that biomarkers of cardiovascular risk may be related to cerebral health. However, little is known about the role that non-fasting lipoproteins play in assessing age-related declines in a cerebral biomarker sensitive to vascular compromise, white matter (WM) microstructure. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is atheroprotective and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a major atherogenic lipoprotein. This study explored the relationships between non-fasting levels of cholesterol and WM microstructure in healthy older adults. A voxelwise and region of interest approach was used to determine the relationship between cholesterol and fractional anisotropy (FA). Participants included 87 older adults between the ages of 59 and 77 (mean age = 65.5 years, SD = 3.9). Results indicated that higher HDL-C was associated with higher FA in diffuse regions of the brain when controlling for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). HDL-C was also positively associated with FA in the corpus callosum and fornix. No relationship was observed between LDL-C and FA. Findings suggest that a modifiable lifestyle variable associated with cardiovascular health may help to preserve cerebral WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan F Johnson
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Brian T Gold
- Neuroscience Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Dorothy Ross
- Clinical Services Core, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Alison L Bailey
- Erlanger Heart and Lung Institute, University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, United States
| | - Jody L Clasey
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Vedant Gupta
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Steve W Leung
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - David K Powell
- Neuroscience Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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6
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Differential associations between systemic markers of disease and cortical thickness in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Neuroimage 2016; 146:19-27. [PMID: 27847345 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aside from cortical damage associated with age, cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, it's an outstanding question if factors of global health, including normal variation in blood markers of metabolic and systemic function, may also be associated with individual variation in brain structure. This cross-sectional study included 138 individuals between 40 to 86 years old who were physically healthy and cognitively intact. Eleven markers (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, insulin, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, albumin, total protein) and five derived indicators (estimated glomerular filtration rate, creatinine clearance rate, insulin-resistance, average glucose, and cholesterol/HDL ratio) were obtained from blood sampling of all participants. T1-weighted 3T MRI scans were used to evaluate gray matter cortical thickness. The markers were clustered into five factors, and factor scores were related to cortical thickness by general linear model. Two factors, one linked to insulin/metabolic health and the other to kidney function (KFF) showed regionally selective associations with cortical thickness including lateral and medial temporal, temporoparietal, and superior parietal regions for both factors and frontoparietal regions for KFF. An association between the increasing cholesterol and greater thickness in frontoparietal and occipital areas was also noted. Associations persisted independently of age, presence of cardiovascular risk factors and ApoE gene status. These findings may provide information on distinct mechanisms of inter-individual cortical variation as well as factors contributing to trajectories of cortical thinning with advancing age.
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