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Li C, Wu D, Bullen C, Chen J, Cheung F, Zheng Y, Luo H. Job-related factors associated with tobacco use among Chinese food delivery riders: A cross-sectional survey. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-79. [PMID: 38751549 PMCID: PMC11095091 DOI: 10.18332/tid/186930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Food delivery drivers represent a rapidly growing occupational group in China in recent years. Their unique work patterns such as a complex work environment and high time-pressure may subject them to more severe tobacco use issues compared to other professions. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of tobacco use within this group and examine the underlying reasons behind it. METHODS A cross-sectional, multistage sampling design was conducted to select 1879 food delivery riders from Guangzhou and Shenzhen. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from August to December 2022. Chi-squared analysis and binary logistic regression analysis, adjusted for factors including gender, education level, type of employment, alcohol use, job-related uncertainty stress, and emotional exhaustion, were used to explore the key factors associated with smoking among this occupational group. RESULTS Altogether, 65.5% of individuals in this sample were smokers, with 69.5% among males and 26.2% among females. Factors found to be significantly associated with smoking behavior were male sex (AOR=5.48; 95% CI: 3.74-8.02), education level of junior high school or lower (AOR=1.60; 95% CI: 1.21-2.11), education level of senior high school (AOR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.18-1.95), full-time job (AOR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.18-1.80), alcohol use (AOR=3.91; 95% CI: 3.14-4.87), moderate level of job-related uncertainty stress (AOR=0.58; 95% CI: 0.42-0.81), high level of emotional exhaustion (AOR=1.57; 95% CI: 1.17-2.10) and moderate level of emotional exhaustion (AOR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.00-2.30). CONCLUSIONS Demographic factors like gender, education level, job type, and substance use should be considered in designing smoking cessation campaigns for this group. Improving work conditions, reducing emotional exhaustion, and managing stress may also reduce smoking and enhance the well-being of these riders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Wu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Humanities and Social Sciences Key Research Bases, Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Christopher Bullen
- The National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jinsong Chen
- The National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Law, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Francis Cheung
- Department of Psychology, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - Yonglin Zheng
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongchen Luo
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Neumann-Böhme S, Sabat I, Brinkmann C, Attema AE, Stargardt T, Schreyögg J, Brouwer W. Jumping the Queue:Willingness to Pay for Faster Access to COVID-19 Vaccines in Seven European Countries. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2023; 41:1389-1402. [PMID: 37344725 PMCID: PMC10492869 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given the initial shortage of vaccines to protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many countries set up priority lists, implying that large parts of the population had to wait. We therefore elicited the willingness to pay (WTP) for access to two hypothetical COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS Respondents were asked how much they would be willing to pay to get an immediate COVID-19 vaccination rather than waiting for one through the public system. We report data collected in January/February 2021 from the European COVID Survey (ECOS) comprising representative samples of the population in Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, the Netherlands, and the UK (N = 7068). RESULTS In total, 73% (68.5%) of respondents were willing to pay for immediate access to a 100% (60%) effective vaccine, ranging from 66.4% (59.4%) in the Netherlands to 83.3% (81.1%) in Portugal. We found a mean WTP of 54.36 euros (median 37 euros) for immediate access to the 100% effective COVID-19 vaccine and 43.83 euros (median 31 euros) for the 60% effective vaccine. The vaccines' effectiveness, respondents' age, country of residence, income, health state and well-being were significant determinants of WTP. Willingness to be vaccinated (WTV) was also strongly associated with WTP, with lower WTV being associated with lower WTP. A higher perceived risk of infection, higher health risk, more trust in the safety of vaccines, and higher expected waiting time for the free vaccination were all associated with a higher WTP. CONCLUSION We find that most respondents would have been willing to pay for faster access to COVID vaccines (jumping the queue), suggesting welfare gains from quicker access to these vaccines. This is an important result in light of potential future outbreaks and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Neumann-Böhme
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Iryna Sabat
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Carcavelos, Portugal
| | - Carolin Brinkmann
- Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arthur E Attema
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus Centre for Health Economics Rotterdam, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Stargardt
- Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Schreyögg
- Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Werner Brouwer
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus Centre for Health Economics Rotterdam, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Kennedy K, Pickard S, Tarride JE, Xie F. Resurrecting Multiattribute Utility Function: Developing a Value Set for Health Utility for Glaucoma. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2023:S1098-3015(23)02530-5. [PMID: 37059392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop a scoring function to calculate health utilities for health states described by the Health Utility for Glaucoma (HUG-5) based on the preferences of the general population in the United States. METHODS Preferences for HUG-5 health states were elicited using the standard gamble and visual analog scale through an online survey. Quota-based sampling was used to recruit a representative sample of the US general population in terms of age, sex, and race. A multiple attribute disutility function (MADUF) approach was adopted to derive scoring for the HUG-5. Model fit was assessed using mean absolute error associated with 5 HUG-5 marker health states that describe mild/moderate and severe glaucoma. RESULTS Of 634 respondents completing the tasks, 416 were included in the estimation of the MADUF; 260 respondents (63%) considered worst possible HUG-5 health state better than death. The preferred scoring function generates the utilities ranging from 0.05 (worst HUG-5 health state) to 1 (best HUG-5 health state). The correlation between mean elicited and estimated values for marker states was strong (R2 = 0.97) with mean absolute error = 0.11. CONCLUSIONS The MADUF for HUG-5 is used to measure health utilities on the scale of perfect health and death, which can be used to estimate quality-adjusted life-years for economic evaluations of glaucoma interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kennedy
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon Pickard
- College of Pharmacy - Pharmacy Systems Outcomes and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jean-Eric Tarride
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Kane PB, Moyer H, MacPherson A, Papenburg J, Ward BJ, Broomell SB, Kimmleman J. Relationship between lay and expert perceptions of COVID-19 vaccine development timelines in Canada and USA. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262740. [PMID: 35167591 PMCID: PMC8846503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
Compare lay expectations of medical development to those of experts in the context of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development.
Methods
A short online survey of experts and lay people measuring when participants believe important vaccine milestones would occur and how likely potential setbacks were. Samples of US and Canadian lay people recruited through Qualtrics. The expert sample was created through a contact network in vaccine development and supplemented with corresponding authors of recent scholarly review articles on vaccine development.
Results
In aggregate, lay people gave responses that were within 3 months of experts, tending to be later than experts for early milestones and earlier for later milestones. Median lay best estimates for when a vaccine would be available to the public were 08/2021 and 09/2021 for the US and Canadian samples, compared with 09-10/2021 for the experts. However, many individual lay responses showed more substantial disagreement with expert opinions, with 54% of lay best estimates of when a vaccine would be available to the public being before the median expert soonest estimate or after the median expert latest estimate. Lay people were much more pessimistic about vaccine development encountering setbacks than experts (median probability 59% of boxed warning compared with only 30% for experts). Misalignment between layperson and expert expectations was not explained by any demographic variables collected in our survey.
Conclusion
Median lay expectations were generally similar to experts. At the individual level, however, lay people showed substantial variation with many believing milestones would occur much sooner than experts. Lay people were in general much more pessimistic about the prospect of setbacks than were experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bodilly Kane
- STREAM Research Group, Division of Ethics and Policy, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hannah Moyer
- STREAM Research Group, Division of Ethics and Policy, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amanda MacPherson
- STREAM Research Group, Division of Ethics and Policy, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jesse Papenburg
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Dept. of Pediatrics, The Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brian J. Ward
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephen B. Broomell
- Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Kimmleman
- STREAM Research Group, Division of Ethics and Policy, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Raiha S, Yang G, Wang L, Dai W, Wu H, Meng G, Zhong B, Liu X. Altered Reward Processing System in Internet Gaming Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:599141. [PMID: 33343426 PMCID: PMC7746551 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.599141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence indicates that addiction involves impairment in reward processing systems. However, the patterns of dysfunction in different stages of reward processing in internet gaming addiction remain unclear. In previous studies, individuals with internet gaming disorder were found to be impulsive and risk taking, but there is no general consensus on the relation between impulsivity and risk-taking tendencies in these individuals. The current study explored behavioral and electrophysiological responses associated with different stages of reward processing among individuals with internet gaming disorders (IGDs) with a delayed discounting task and simple gambling tasks. Compared to the healthy control (HC) group, the IGD group discounted delays more steeply and made more risky choices, irrespective of the outcome. As for the event-related potential (ERP) results, during the reward anticipation stage, IGDs had the same stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) for both large and small choices, whereas HCs exhibited a higher SPN in large vs. small choices. During the outcome evaluation stage, IGDs exhibited a blunted feedback-related negativity for losses vs. gains. The results indicate impairment across different stages of reward processing among IGDs. Moreover, we found negative correlation between impulsivity indexed by BIS-11 and reward sensitivity indexed by SPN amplitude during anticipation stage only, indicating different neural mechanisms at different stages of reward processing. The current study helps to elucidate the behavioral and neural mechanisms of reward processing in internet gaming addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Raiha
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guochun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weine Dai
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, China
- CFIN and Pet Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Guangteng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Dewitt B, Fischhoff B, Davis AL, Broomell SB, Roberts MS, Hanmer J. Exclusion Criteria as Measurements II: Effects on Utility Functions. Med Decis Making 2019; 39:704-716. [PMID: 31462183 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x19862542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Researchers often justify excluding some responses in studies eliciting valuations of health states as not representing respondents' true preferences. Here, we examine the effects of applying 8 common exclusion criteria on societal utility estimates. Setting. An online survey of a US nationally representative sample (N = 1164) used the standard gamble method to elicit preferences for health states defined by 7 health domains from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®). Methods. We estimate the impacts of applying 8 commonly used exclusion criteria on mean utility values for each domain, using beta regression, a form of analysis suited to double-bounded scales, such as utility. Results. Exclusion criteria have varied effects on the utility functions for the different PROMIS health domains. As a result, applying those criteria would have varied effects on the value of treatments (and side effects) that change health status on those domains. Limitations. Although our method could be applied to any health utility judgments, the present estimates reflect the features of the study that produced them. Those features include the selected health domains, standard gamble method, and an online format that excluded some groups (e.g., visually impaired and illiterate individuals). We also examined only a subset of all possible exclusion criteria, selected to represent the space of possibilities, as characterized in a companion article. Conclusions. Exclusion criteria can affect estimates of the societal utility of health states. We use those effects, in conjunction with the results of the companion article, to make suggestions for selecting exclusion criteria in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Dewitt
- Department of Engineering & Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Baruch Fischhoff
- Department of Engineering & Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Institute for Politics and Strategy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander L Davis
- Department of Engineering & Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen B Broomell
- Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark S Roberts
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Janel Hanmer
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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