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Chen S, Wu H, Sun P. Imaging of unilateral neck lymphoma - Pea pod shaped lesion. Asian J Surg 2024:S1015-9584(24)01763-9. [PMID: 39183103 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, PR China.
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2
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Thariat J, Carsuzaa F, Beddok A, Deneuve S, Marcy PY, Merlotti A, Dejean C, Devauchelle B. Reconstructive flap surgery in head and neck cancer patients: an interdisciplinary view of the challenges encountered by radiation oncologists in postoperative radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1379861. [PMID: 38665951 PMCID: PMC11043495 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1379861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Major advances have been made in reconstructive surgery in the last decades to reduce morbidity in head and neck cancer. Flaps are now present in 80% of patients with oral cavity cancer to cover anatomic, functional, and cosmetic needs. However, gaps in interdisciplinary innovation transfer from surgery to postoperative radiotherapy (poRT) remain challenging. We aimed to provide an interdisciplinary view of the challenges encountered by radiation oncologists in planning head and neck postoperative radiotherapy. Methods A systematic and critical review was conducted to address areas of optimization in surgery and radiology that may be relevant to poRT. Results Despite extensive surgical literature on flap techniques and salvage surgery, 13 retrospective series were identified, where flap outcomes were indirectly compared between surgery alone or poRT. These low-evidence studies suggest that radiotherapy accelerates flap atrophy, fibrosis, and osteoradionecrosis and deteriorates functional outcomes. Preliminary evidence suggests that tumor spread occurs at the flap-tissue junction rather than in the flaps. One prospective 15-patient study showed 31.3% vs. 39.2% flap volume reduction without or with poRT. In an international consensus, experts recognized the needs for optimized flap-sparing poRT against flap-related functional deterioration and bone damage. CT, MRI, and PET-CT modalities show potential for the delineation of the junction area between native tissues and flap for flap segmentation and to characterize flap-specific changes quantitatively and correlate them with patterns of relapse or complications. Conclusion Flap management in poRT is insufficiently documented, but poRT seems to damage flaps. Current gaps in knowledge underscore the need for prospective flap assessment and interdisciplinary trials investigating flap morbidity minimization by flap-sparing poRT planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Thariat
- Department of Radiotherapy, Centre François-Baclesse, Caen, France
- Corpuscular Physics Laboratory, IN2P3, Ensicaen, CNRS UMR 6534, Caen, France
- Faculté de Médecine de Caen, Université de Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Florent Carsuzaa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Arnaud Beddok
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, University Paris Saclay, Inserm LITO, Orsay, France
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sophie Deneuve
- Surgical Oncology Department, Centre Léon Bérard, UNICANCER, Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, “Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment”, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Marcy
- Polyclinics ELSAN Group, Department of Radiodiagnostics and Interventional Imaging, PolyClinics Les Fleurs, Ollioules, France
| | - Anna Merlotti
- Radiotherapy Department, S. Croce & Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | | | - Bernard Devauchelle
- Departement of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Amiens Picardy, Research Unit, UR7516 CHIMERE, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Institut Faire Faces, Amiens, France
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3
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Gule-Monroe MK, Calle S, Policeni B, Juliano AF, Agarwal M, Chow LQM, Dubey P, Friedman ER, Hagiwara M, Hanrahan KD, Jain V, Rath TJ, Smith RB, Subramaniam RM, Taheri MR, Yom SS, Zander D, Burns J. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Staging and Post-Therapy Assessment of Head and Neck Cancer. J Am Coll Radiol 2023; 20:S521-S564. [PMID: 38040469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Imaging of head and neck cancer at initial staging and as part of post-treatment surveillance is a key component of patient care as it guides treatment strategy and aids determination of prognosis. Head and neck cancer includes a heterogenous group of malignancies encompassing several anatomic sites and histologies, with squamous cell carcinoma the most common. Together this comprises the seventh most common cancer worldwide. At initial staging comprehensive imaging delineating the anatomic extent of the primary site, while also assessing the nodal involvement of the neck is necessary. The treatment of head and neck cancer often includes a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Post-treatment imaging is tailored for the evaluation of treatment response and early detection of local, locoregional, and distant recurrent tumor. Cross-sectional imaging with CT or MRI is recommended for the detailed anatomic delineation of the primary site. PET/CT provides complementary metabolic information and can map systemic involvement. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susana Calle
- Research Author, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bruno Policeni
- Panel Chair, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Amy F Juliano
- Panel Vice-Chair, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mohit Agarwal
- Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Laura Q M Chow
- University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas; American Society of Clinical Oncology
| | | | | | - Mari Hagiwara
- New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | | | - Vikas Jain
- MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Russell B Smith
- Baptist Medical Center, Jacksonville, Florida; American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Rathan M Subramaniam
- University of Otago, Dunedin, Otepoti, New Zealand; Commission on Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
| | - M Reza Taheri
- George Washington University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sue S Yom
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Judah Burns
- Specialty Chair, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
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4
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Systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic effectiveness of positron emission tomography-computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging in the post-treatment surveillance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Laryngol Otol 2023; 137:22-30. [PMID: 35086577 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215122000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is currently no consensus on the ideal protocol of imaging for post-treatment surveillance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. This study aimed to consolidate existing evidence on the diagnostic effectiveness of positron emission tomography-computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging. METHOD Systematic electronic searches were conducted using Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library (updated February 2021) to identify studies directly comparing positron emission tomography-computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans for detecting locoregional recurrence or residual disease for post-treatment surveillance. RESULTS Searches identified 3164 unique records, with three studies included for meta-analysis, comprising 176 patients. The weighted pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity for scans performed three to six months post-curative treatment were: positron emission tomography-computed tomography, 0.68 (95 per cent confidence interval, 0.49-0.84) and 0.89 (95 per cent confidence interval, 0.84-0.93); magnetic resonance imaging, 0.72 (95 per cent confidence interval, 0.54-0.88) and 0.85 (95 per cent confidence interval, 0.79-0.89), respectively. CONCLUSION Existing studies do not provide evidence for superiority of either positron emission tomography-computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in detecting locoregional recurrence or residual disease following curative treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
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5
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Lateral Temporal Bone Resections for Peri-Auricular Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Prognostic Indicators and Radiological Predictive Values. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2021; 136:297-303. [PMID: 34819182 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215121003704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Papoutsaki MV, Sidhu HS, Dikaios N, Singh S, Atkinson D, Kanber B, Beale T, Morley S, Forster M, Carnell D, Mendes R, Punwani S. Utility of diffusion MRI characteristics of cervical lymph nodes as disease classifier between patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and healthy volunteers. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4587. [PMID: 34240782 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion MRI characteristics assessed by apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have been reported as helpful in classifying tumours based on diffusion characteristics. There is little reported on HNSCC lymph nodes classification by diffusion characteristics. The aim of this study was to determine whether pretreatment nodal microstructural diffusion MRI characteristics can classify diseased nodes of patients with HNSCC from normal nodes of healthy volunteers. Seventy-nine patients with histologically confirmed HNSCC prior to chemoradiotherapy, and eight healthy volunteers, underwent diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI at a 1.5-T MR scanner. Two radiologists contoured lymph nodes on DW (b = 300 s/m2 ) images. ADC, distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC) and alpha (α) values were calculated by monoexponential and stretched exponential models. Histogram analysis metrics of drawn volume were compared between patients and volunteers using a Mann-Whitney test. The classification performance of each metric between the normal and diseased nodes was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficients determined interobserver reproducibility of each metric based on differently drawn ROIs by two radiologists. Sixty cancerous and 40 normal nodes were analysed. ADC histogram analysis revealed significant differences between patients and volunteers (p ≤0.0001 to 0.0046), presenting ADC distributions that were more skewed (1.49 for patients, 1.03 for volunteers; p = 0.0114) and 'peaked' (6.82 for patients, 4.20 for volunteers; p = 0.0021) in patients. Maximum ADC values exhibited the highest area under the curve ([AUC] 0.892). Significant differences were revealed between patients and volunteers for DDC and α value histogram metrics (p ≤0.0001 to 0.0044); the highest AUC were exhibited by maximum DDC (0.772) and the 25th percentile α value (0.761). Interobserver repeatability was excellent for mean ADC (ICC = 0.88) and the 25th percentile α value (ICC = 0.78), but poor for all other metrics. These results suggest that pretreatment microstructural diffusion MRI characteristics in lymph nodes, assessed by ADC and α value histogram analysis, can identify nodal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nikolaos Dikaios
- Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Saurabh Singh
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Atkinson
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Baris Kanber
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy Beale
- Department of Radiology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Simon Morley
- Department of Radiology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Martin Forster
- Department of Oncology, University College London, Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dawn Carnell
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ruheena Mendes
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Shonit Punwani
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
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7
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Marcus C, Sheikhbahaei S, Shivamurthy VKN, Avey G, Subramaniam RM. PET Imaging for Head and Neck Cancers. Radiol Clin North Am 2021; 59:773-788. [PMID: 34392918 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are commonly encountered cancers in clinical practice in the United States. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT has been clinically applied in staging, occult primary tumor detection, treatment planning, response assessment, follow-up, recurrent disease detection, and prognosis prediction in these patients. Alternative PET tracers remain investigational and can provide additional valuable information such as radioresistant tumor hypoxia. The recent introduction of 18F-FDG PET/MR imaging has provided the advantage of combining the superior soft tissue resolution of MR imaging with the functional information provided by 18F-FDG PET. This article is a concise review of recent advances in PET imaging in head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Marcus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Sara Sheikhbahaei
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 601 N. Caroline Street, JHOC 3235, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Veeresh Kumar N Shivamurthy
- Epilepsy Center, St. Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Trinity Health of New England, 114 Woodland Street, Hartford, CT 06105, USA
| | - Greg Avey
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave #3284, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Rathan M Subramaniam
- Dean's Office, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, 201 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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House AE, Zebolsky AL, Jacobs J, Likhterov I, Behr S, Glastonbury C, Seth R, Heaton C, Knott PD. Surveillance Imaging Following Head and Neck Cancer Treatment and Microvascular Reconstruction. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:2713-2718. [PMID: 34156723 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To assess the accuracy and utility of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting head and neck cancer (HNC) recurrence after microvascular reconstructive surgery. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Analysis of HNC patients who underwent microvascular reconstruction at a single, tertiary academic center following ablative surgery from 1998 to 2015. Forty-six patients aged 61.4 ± 15.8 years with both PET/CT and MRI examinations were identified. Two radiologists were blinded and interpreted each imaging study. Recurrence certainty scores were determined via continuous (0-100) and Likert ("Likely" to "Unlikely") scales, with larger values indicating a higher likelihood of recurrence. Pathologic confirmation of recurrence was confirmed in 23 patients (50%). RESULTS Among those with primary site recurrences, mean recurrence certainty was significantly higher with PET/CT versus MRI on the continuous scale (63.9 vs. 44.4, P = .006). A receiver operating characteristic analysis for predicting primary site recurrence demonstrated a significantly larger area under the curve of 0.79 for PET/CT compared to 0.64 for MRI (P = .044). Categorization of "Likely" primary site recurrence on PET/CT, versus MRI, had higher sensitivity (0.63 vs. 0.40), but lower specificity (0.90 vs. 1.0). MRI demonstrated higher sensitivity (1.0 vs. 0.78) at detecting regional site recurrences. CONCLUSION PET/CT demonstrates greater sensitivity than MRI as a surveillance tool for primary site recurrence following microvascular reconstruction where clinical evaluation is hindered by anatomical distortion. Therefore, PET/CT should be pursued as first-line imaging, with MRI utilized for confirmation of positive imaging findings at the primary site. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Laryngoscope, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian E House
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Aaron L Zebolsky
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Joanna Jacobs
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Ilya Likhterov
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Spencer Behr
- San Francisco Medical Center, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Christine Glastonbury
- San Francisco Medical Center, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Rahul Seth
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Chase Heaton
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Philip Daniel Knott
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
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Kuznetsov S, Yu Q, Spieler B, Hartsough R, Zhu X, Murnan E, Hironaka M, Zaid W. Can Radiographic Tumor Volume of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Help Predict Clinical and Pathological Tumor Features? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 79:2582-2592. [PMID: 34252366 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiographic tumor volume (RTV) of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is seldom measured in practice. Aims of the study are to estimate RTV of SCC and to investigate its relationship with clinical and pathological stage, tumor margin status, recurrence, and need for chemo/radiation. METHODS The Design is a retrospective cohort study. The predictor variable is SCC RTV. The primary outcome variables are clinical and pathological tumor size. The secondary outcomes are margin status and postoperative chemo/radiation. Tumor dimensions were measured on preoperative maxillofacial or neck computer tomography images with contrast. Information on patient and tumor characteristics was obtained. Pearson correlation, t test, ANOVA and log rank test were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at .05. RESULTS Thirty-Six subjects aged 36 to 86 were included in the study. Positive association was found between clinical T stage and RTV (P = .0003) and between pathologic T stage and RTV (P = .002). Mean value of RTV was significantly higher in group with positive margins (P = .0004). RTV was significantly higher in cancers requiring adjuvant chemo/radiation (P = .033). Mean RTV for patients with recurrence was 1.86 cm3 as compared to 1.29 cm3 for patients with no recurrence. Higher tumor volumes were more likely to be associated with recurrence. CONCLUSIONS RTV is a variable that is readily available to head and neck surgeons. RTV is associated with clinical and pathological tumor sizes, margin status, need for adjuvant chemo/radiation and tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Kuznetsov
- Resident. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA.
| | - Qingzhao Yu
- Professor. Department of Biostatistics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Bradley Spieler
- Associate Professor of Diagnostic Radiology. Department of Radiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Richard Hartsough
- Fellow. Department of Radiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Xiaodan Zhu
- Research Assistant. Department of Biostatistics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Eric Murnan
- Resident. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Michael Hironaka
- Resident. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Waleed Zaid
- Associate Professor. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
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Brenet E, Barbe C, Hoeffel C, Dubernard X, Merol JC, Fath L, Servagi-Vernat S, Labrousse M. Predictive Value of Early Post-Treatment Diffusion-Weighted MRI for Recurrence or Tumor Progression of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Chemo-Radiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051234. [PMID: 32422975 PMCID: PMC7281260 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To investigate the predictive capacity of early post-treatment diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for recurrence or tumor progression in patients with no tumor residue after chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and, to assess the predictive capacity of pre-treatment diffusion-weighted MRI for persistent tumor residue post-CRT. Materials and Method: A single center cohort study was performed in one French hospital. All patients with squamous cell carcinoma receiving CRT (no surgical indication) were included. Two diffusion-weighted MRI were performed: one within 8 days before CRT and one 3 months after completing CRT with determination of median tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Main outcome: The primary endpoint was progression-free survival. Results: 59 patients were included prior to CRT and 46 (78.0%) completed CRT. A post-CRT tumor residue was found in 19/46 (41.3%) patients. In univariate analysis, initial ADC was significantly lower in patients with residue post CRT (0.56 ± 0.11 versus 0.79 ± 0.13; p < 0.001). When initial ADC was dichotomized at the median, initial ADC lower than 0.7 was significantly more frequent in patients with residue post CRT (73.7% versus 11.1%, p < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, only initial ADC lower than 0.7 was significantly associated with tumor residue (OR = 22.6; IC [4.9–103.6], p < 0.0001). Among 26 patients without tumor residue after CRT and followed up until 12 months, 6 (23.1%) presented recurrence or progression. Only univariate analysis was performed due to a small number of events. The only factor significantly associated with disease progression or early recurrence was the delta ADC (p = 0.0009). When ADC variation was dichotomized at the median, patients with ADC variation greater than 0.7 had time of disease-free survival significantly longer than patients with ADC variation lower than 0.7 (377.5 [286–402] days versus 253 [198–370], p < 0.0001). Conclusion and relevance: Diffusion-weighted MRI could be a technique that enables differentiation of patients with high potential for early recurrence for whom intensive post-CRT monitoring is mandatory. Prospective studies with more inclusions would be necessary to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Brenet
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Robert Debré University Hospital, 51100 Reims, France; (X.D.); (J.-C.M.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Coralie Barbe
- Clinical Research Unit, Robert Debré University Hospital, 51100 Reims, France;
| | - Christine Hoeffel
- Department of Radiology, Robert Debré University Hospital, 51100 Reims, France;
| | - Xavier Dubernard
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Robert Debré University Hospital, 51100 Reims, France; (X.D.); (J.-C.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Jean-Claude Merol
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Robert Debré University Hospital, 51100 Reims, France; (X.D.); (J.-C.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Léa Fath
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | | | - Marc Labrousse
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Robert Debré University Hospital, 51100 Reims, France; (X.D.); (J.-C.M.); (M.L.)
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