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Toraih EA, Hussein MH, Al Ageeli E, Ellaban M, Kattan SW, Moroz K, Fawzy MS, Kandil E. Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/microRNA-145 Ratio: Bridging Genomic and Immunological Variabilities in Thyroid Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2953. [PMID: 38001954 PMCID: PMC10669161 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and microRNA-145 (miR-145) have emerged as essential biomarkers in thyroid cancer progression and metastasis. However, their combined evaluation and clinical utility as a unified prognostic marker across diverse thyroid cancer subgroups remain unexplored. We investigated the diagnostic and prognostic value of the MMP9/miR-145 ratio in thyroid cancer, hypothesizing it may overcome inter-patient heterogeneity and serve as a versatile biomarker regardless of genetic mutations or autoimmune status. MMP9 and miR-145 expressions were analyzed in 175 paired papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and normal tissues. Plasma levels were assessed perioperatively and longitudinally over 12-18 months in 86 matched PTC patients. The associations with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcomes were evaluated. MMP9 was upregulated, and miR-145 downregulated in cancer tissues, with a median MMP9/miR-145 ratio 17.6-fold higher versus controls. The tissue ratio accurately diagnosed thyroid malignancy regardless of BRAF mutation or Hashimoto's thyroiditis status, overcoming genetic and autoimmune heterogeneity. A high preoperative circulating ratio predicted aggressive disease features, including lymph node metastasis, extrathyroidal extension, progression/relapse, and recurrence. Although the preoperative plasma ratio was elevated in patients with unfavorable outcomes, it had limited utility for post-surgical monitoring. In conclusion, the MMP9/miR-145 ratio is a promising biomarker in PTC that bridges genetic and immunological variabilities, enhancing preoperative diagnosis and prognostication across diverse patient subgroups. It accurately stratifies heterogenous cases by aggressiveness. The longitudinal trends indicate decreasing applicability for post-thyroidectomy surveillance. Further large-scale validation and protocol standardization can facilitate clinical translation of the MMP9/miR-145 ratio to guide personalized thyroid cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Toraih
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (M.H.H.); (E.K.)
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Hussein
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (M.H.H.); (E.K.)
| | - Essam Al Ageeli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Medical Genetics), Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamad Ellaban
- Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt;
| | - Shahd W. Kattan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu 46411, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Krzysztof Moroz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Manal S. Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Kandil
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (M.H.H.); (E.K.)
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Wen J, Qin X, Zhang J, Wu X, Yan X, Lu K, Yang P, Ji S, Zhao X, Wang Y. Clinical significance of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:225. [PMID: 37496069 PMCID: PMC10369753 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and pathological indexes in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). EVIDENCE OBTAINED The database was searched in PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and Web of Science databases for relevant clinical trials. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) show the effect of MMP-9 expression and age, tumour size, gender, lymph node metastasis (LNM), and TNM (tumour, lymph node, metastasis) stage. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Stata 17.0. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A total of 1433 patients with PTC were included in this meta-analysis. MMP-9 expression was significantly correlated with LNM (OR = 3.92, 95% CI = 2.71-5.65, P = 0.000), tumour size (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.13-2.52, P = 0.011), and TNM stage (OR = 2.95, 95% CI = 2.10-4.13, P = 0.000), but not with gender (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.66-1.22, P = 0.487) and age (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 0.93-1.98, P = 0.115). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis showed that MMP-9 was significantly associated with LNM, tumour size, and TNM stage; therefore, MMP-9 may be a reliable prognostic biomarker for patients with PTC. However, more high-quality studies are needed to support these findings further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxu Wen
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiaoru Qin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wu
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xuemin Yan
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Kewen Lu
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shuaichong Ji
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhao
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yuexin Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, China.
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Li Z, Wei J, Chen B, Wang Y, Yang S, Wu K, Meng X. The Role of MMP-9 and MMP-9 Inhibition in Different Types of Thyroid Carcinoma. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093705. [PMID: 37175113 PMCID: PMC10180081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), one of the most investigated and studied biomarkers of the MMPs family, is a zinc-dependent proteolytic metalloenzyme whose primary function is degrading the extracellular matrix (ECM). It has been proved that MMP-9 expression elevates in multiple pathological conditions, including thyroid carcinoma. MMP-9 has a detectable higher level in malignant or metastatic thyroid tumor tissues than in normal or benign tissues and acts as an additional marker to distinguish different tumor stages because of its close correlations with clinical features, such as lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, tumor size and so on. Natural and non-natural MMP-9 inhibitors suppress its expression, block the progression of diseases, and play a role in therapy consequently. MMP-9 inhibitory molecules also assist in treating thyroid tumors by suppressing the proliferation, invasion, migration, metastasis, viability, adhesion, motility, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and other risk factors of different thyroid cancer cells. In a word, discovering and designing MMP-9 inhibitors provide great therapeutic effects and promising clinical values in various types of thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshengnan Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bowen Chen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yaoqi Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Kehui Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xianying Meng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Ni X, Xu S, Zhang B, Zhan W, Zhou W. Clinical and Sonographic Features of Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm With Papillary-Like Nuclear Features: A Retrospective Study. Ultrasound Q 2023; 39:23-31. [PMID: 35001029 PMCID: PMC9997632 DOI: 10.1097/ruq.0000000000000586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study was designed to investigate the clinical and sonographic features of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTPs) as compared with classical papillary thyroid carcinoma (cPTC), follicular adenoma (FA), and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). A total of 178 patients were enrolled in this study. The clinical characteristics and sonographic features of thyroid nodules were compared between NIFTP and cPTC or FA/FTC. All nodules were reclassified according to the Thyroid Ultrasound Imaging Reporting and Data System and American Thyroid Association guidelines classification. The mean size of NIFTP was 29.91 ± 14.71 mm, which was larger than that of cPTC ( P = 0.000). Significant difference was found in lymph node metastases between NIFTP and cPTC ( P = 0.000). Most NIFTPs showed solid composition, hypoechoic echogenicity, smooth margin, wider than tall shape, none echogenic foci, absence of halo, and perinodular vascularity, which were similar with FA and FTC. Compared with NIFTP, hypoechoic and very hypoechoic, taller than wide, irregular margin, punctate echogenic foci, absence of halo, and low vascularity were more commonly observed in cPTC. There were statistical differences both in American College of Radiology Thyroid Ultrasound Imaging Reporting and Data System and in American Thyroid Association classification between NIFTP and cPTC ( P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between NIFTP and FTC/FA ( P > 0.05). The ultrasonographic characteristics of NIFTP were obviously different from cPTC but overlapped with FTC and FA. Ultrasound could help increase preoperative attention of NIFTP in an appropriate clinical setting, which may lead to a more conservative treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benyan Zhang
- Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | | | - Wei Zhou
- Departments of Ultrasound
- Department of Ultrasound, Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Niciporuka R, Nazarovs J, Ozolins A, Narbuts Z, Miklasevics E, Gardovskis J. Can We Predict Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Behavior? Role of Genetic and Molecular Markers. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:1131. [PMID: 34684168 PMCID: PMC8540789 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is ranked in ninth place among all the newly diagnosed cancer cases in 2020. Differentiated thyroid cancer behavior can vary from indolent to extremely aggressive. Currently, predictions of cancer prognosis are mainly based on clinicopathological features, which are direct consequences of cell and tissue microenvironment alterations. These alterations include genetic changes, cell cycle disorders, estrogen receptor expression abnormalities, enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix degradation, increased hypoxia, and consecutive neovascularization. All these processes are represented by specific genetic and molecular markers, which can further predict thyroid cancer development, progression, and prognosis. In conclusion, evaluation of cancer genetic and molecular patterns, in addition to clinicopathological features, can contribute to the identification of patients with a potentially worse prognosis. It is essential since it plays a crucial role in decision-making regarding initial surgery, postoperative treatment, and follow-up. To date, there is a large diversity in methodologies used in different studies, frequently leading to contradictory results. To evaluate the true significance of predictive markers, more comparable studies should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Niciporuka
- Department of Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia; (A.O.); (Z.N.); (J.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jurijs Nazarovs
- Department of Pathology, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Arturs Ozolins
- Department of Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia; (A.O.); (Z.N.); (J.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - Zenons Narbuts
- Department of Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia; (A.O.); (Z.N.); (J.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - Edvins Miklasevics
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Janis Gardovskis
- Department of Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia; (A.O.); (Z.N.); (J.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
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Liang S, Gao N, Bian D, Zhai Q, Yang P, Huang K. Clinical value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in focal hypoechogenic lesions of thyroid. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:2077-2082. [PMID: 34274997 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to analyze the accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CE-US) in diagnosing focal hypoechogenic lesions of the thyroid (FHLT), and to explore the clinical value of CE-US in the diagnosis of FHLT. METHODS Patients undergoing CE-US and ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (US-FNA) of FHLT at First Hospital of China Medical University between January 2017 and December 2018 were selected for the study; this included patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), subacute thyroiditis (SAT) and focal Hashimoto thyroiditis (FHT). All patients underwent color Doppler ultrasonography (CD-US) after which thyroid image reporting and data system (TI-RADS) grading were done. Then, each patient underwent CE-US and US-FNA. The results of the CE-US were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The cytopathological results from the US-FNAs were the gold standard used to confirm the diagnoses. RESULTS A total of 56 patients were selected for the study. In the PTC group (n = 16), grading was as follows: TI-RADS4a, n = 3; TI-RADS4b, n = 12; and TI-RADS4c, n = 1. More patients with PTC showed heterogeneous hypoenhancement (n = 15) than heterogeneous isoenhancement (n = 1) on CE-US. In the SAT group (n = 24), grading was as follows: TI-RADS3, n = 1; TI-RADS4a, n = 18; TI-RADS4b, n = 5. Fewer patients with SAT showed heterogeneous hypoenhancement (n = 2) than heterogeneous isoenhancement (n = 22) on CE-US. In the FHT group (n = 16), grading was as follows: TI-RADS3, n = 1; TI-RADS4a, n = 11; TI-RADS4b, n = 4. Of those in the FHT group, one patient showed heterogeneous isoenhancement, one patient showed heterogeneous hypoenhancement, and 14 showed uniform isoenhancement on CE-US. The diagnostic accuracy of CD-US alone differed significantly from that of CD-US + CE-US (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION CE-US has a high diagnostic accuracy for FHLT and can be used to identify PTC, SAT, and FHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songnian Liang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Gao
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Liaoning Province Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Donglin Bian
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjingbei Street 155#, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qixi Zhai
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjingbei Street 155#, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Puxu Yang
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjingbei Street 155#, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjingbei Street 155#, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Melaccio A, Sgaramella LI, Pasculli A, Di Meo G, Gurrado A, Prete FP, Vacca A, Ria R, Testini M. Prognostic and Therapeutic Role of Angiogenic Microenvironment in Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112775. [PMID: 34204889 PMCID: PMC8199761 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Angiogenesis is an essential event for the progression of solid tumors and is promoted by angiogenic cytokines released in the tumor microenvironment by neoplastic and stromal cells. Over the last 20 years, the role of the microenvironment and the implication of several angiogenic factors in tumorigenesis of solid and hematological neoplasms have been widely studied. The tumor microenvironment has also been well-defined for thyroid cancer, clarifying the importance of angiogenesis in cancer progression, spread, and metastasis. Furthermore, recent studies have evaluated the association of circulating angiogenic factors with the clinical outcomes of differentiated thyroid cancer, potentially providing noninvasive, low-cost, and safe tests that can be used in screening, diagnosis, and follow-up. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms of action of these proangiogenic factors and their different molecular pathways, as well as their applications in the treatment and prognosis of thyroid cancer. Abstract Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, with a typically favorable prognosis following standard treatments, such as surgical resection and radioiodine therapy. A subset of thyroid cancers progress to refractory/metastatic disease. Understanding how the tumor microenvironment is transformed into an angiogenic microenvironment has a role of primary importance in the aggressive behavior of these neoplasms. During tumor growth and progression, angiogenesis represents a deregulated biological process, and the angiogenic switch, characterized by the formation of new vessels, induces tumor cell proliferation, local invasion, and hematogenous metastases. This evidence has propelled the scientific community’s effort to study a number of molecular pathways (proliferation, cell cycle control, and angiogenic processes), identifying mediators that may represent viable targets for new anticancer treatments. Herein, we sought to review angiogenesis in thyroid cancer and the potential role of proangiogenic cytokines for risk stratification of patients. We also present the current status of treatment of advanced differentiated, medullary, and poorly differentiated thyroid cancers with multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors, based on the rationale of angiogenesis as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Melaccio
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Lucia Ilaria Sgaramella
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Alessandro Pasculli
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Giovanna Di Meo
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Angela Gurrado
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Francesco Paolo Prete
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Roberto Ria
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Mario Testini
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3355370914
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Gao L, Xi X, Gao Q, Tang J, Yang X, Zhu S, Zhao R, Lai X, Zhang X, Zhang B, Jiang Y. Blood-Rich Enhancement in Ultrasonography Predicts Worse Prognosis in Patients With Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:546378. [PMID: 33489868 PMCID: PMC7821421 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.546378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can be used to evaluate microcirculation in cancers, which in turn is associated with the biologic features and ultimately patient prognosis. We conducted a retrospective analysis to examine potential association between CEUS parameters and prognosis in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The analysis included 306 patients who underwent CEUS prior to thyroidectomy at our center during a period from 2012 to 2019. Subjects with excellent response (ER) were compared to the non-ER group (including indeterminate response, biochemical incomplete response and structural incomplete response). During the median follow-up of 34 months, ER was observed in 195 (63.7%) subjects. The remaining 111 (36.3%) patients developed non-ER events, with distant metastasis in five (1.6%) cases. In a multivariate COX regression, non-ER event was associated with the male sex (OR = 1.83, 95%CI: 1.21-2.76) and blood-rich enhancement in CEUS (OR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.04-2.75). Based on this finding, we developed a predictive model: high risk for developing non-ER events was defined as having both risk factors; low risk was defined as having none or only one risk. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the area under the curve was 0.59 (95%CI: 0.52-0.66). The sensitivity and specificity were 17.1 and 95.4%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 67.9 and 66.9%, respectively. In conclusion, blood-rich enhancement in CEUS is associated with non-ER events after thyroidectomy in patients with PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehua Xi
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shenling Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruina Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xingjian Lai
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Parvathareddy SK, Siraj AK, Annaiyappanaidu P, Al-Sobhi SS, Al-Dayel F, Al-Kuraya KS. Prognostic Significance of COX-2 Overexpression in BRAF-Mutated Middle Eastern Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249498. [PMID: 33327467 PMCID: PMC7764962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)–prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway has been implicated in carcinogenesis, with BRAF mutation shown to promote PGE2 synthesis. This study was conducted to evaluate COX-2 expression in a large cohort of Middle Eastern papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and further evaluate the prognostic significance of COX-2 expression in strata of BRAF mutation status. BRAF mutation analysis was performed using Sanger sequencing, and COX-2 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically using tissue microarray (TMA). COX-2 overexpression, noted in 43.2% (567/1314) of cases, was significantly associated with poor prognostic markers such as extra-thyroidal extension, lymph-node metastasis, and higher tumor stage. COX-2 was also an independent predictor of poor disease-free survival (DFS). Most notably, the association of COX-2 expression with DFS differed by BRAF mutation status. COX-2 overexpression was associated with poor DFS in BRAF-mutant but not BRAF wild-type PTCs, with a multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio of 2.10 (95% CI = 1.52–2.92; p < 0.0001) for COX-2 overexpressed tumors in BRAF-mutant PTC. In conclusion, the current study shows that COX-2 plays a key role in prognosis of PTC patients, especially in BRAF-mutated tumors. Our data suggest the potential therapeutic role of COX-2 inhibition in patients with BRAF-mutated PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Parvathareddy
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.P.); (A.K.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Abdul K. Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.P.); (A.K.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Padmanaban Annaiyappanaidu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.P.); (A.K.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Saif S. Al-Sobhi
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khawla S. Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.P.); (A.K.S.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-1-205-5167
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10
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MacDonald L, Jenkins J, Purvis G, Lee J, Franco AT. The Thyroid Tumor Microenvironment: Potential Targets for Therapeutic Intervention and Prognostication. Discov Oncol 2020; 11:205-217. [PMID: 32548798 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-020-00390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and incidences are rising rapidly, in both pediatric and adult populations. Many thyroid tumors are successfully treated which results in low mortality rates, but there is often a significant morbidity associated with thyroid cancer treatments. For patients with tumors that are not successfully treated with surgical resection or radioactive iodine treatment, prognosis is dramatically reduced. Patients diagnosed with anaplastic thyroid cancer face a very grim prognosis with a median survival of 6 months post-diagnosis. There is a critical need to identify patients who are at greatest risk of developing persistent disease and progressing to poorly differentiated or anaplastic disease. Furthermore, development of treatments associated with less morbidity would represent a significant improvement for thyroid cancer survivors. It is well established the stromal cells and components of the tumor microenvironment can drive tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Here we review the current state of what is known regarding the thyroid tumor microenvironment and how these factors may contribute to thyroid tumor pathogenesis. Study of the tumor microenvironment within thyroid cancer is a relatively new field, and more studies are needed to dissect the complex and dynamic crosstalk between thyroid tumor cells and its tumor niche.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grace Purvis
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aime T Franco
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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11
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Lee YK, Hwangbo Y, Lee S, Lee DE, Lee EK, Yeom MS, Joo J, Kong SY. Aspirin Use Is Not Associated with Lower Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Nationwide Nested Case-Control Study. Thyroid 2020; 30:829-837. [PMID: 31950888 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: While aspirin use is known to be associated with reduced incidence of various cancer types, it is unclear whether this benefit extends to thyroid cancer. We aimed to evaluate the association between aspirin use and thyroid cancer development. Methods: This nested case-control study used nationwide data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort 2002-2015. In total, 4547 individuals with newly developed thyroid cancer were matched with 13,641 controls based on age, sex, and follow-up period. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for thyroid cancer development according to aspirin use were analyzed using a multivariable conditional logistic regression model. Results: The number of days for which patients with thyroid cancer used aspirin (the proportions of no use, <30 days/year, 30-90 days/year, and ≥90 days/year were 93.03%, 6.51%, 0.31%, and 0.15%, respectively) was comparable with that of the controls (p = 0.371, chi-squared test). The risk of thyroid cancer development was not associated with the duration of aspirin use (ORs [CI] for aspirin use <30 days/year, 30-90 days/year, and ≥90 days/year were 1.11 [0.96-1.28], 1.01 [0.54-1.88], and 1.23 [0.50-3.06], respectively, compared with no use) after adjusting for body mass index, smoking status, hypertension, Charlson comorbidity index, and number of outpatient visits per year. In addition, subgroup analyses stratified by age, sex, and follow-up duration did not reveal any significant association between aspirin use and thyroid cancer. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that even extended aspirin use may not impact the prevention or onset of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ki Lee
- Center for Thyroid Cancer; National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yul Hwangbo
- Center for Thyroid Cancer; National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Lee
- Cancer Data Center; National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Team, Research Core Center, Research Institute; National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Center for Thyroid Cancer; National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sun Yeom
- Center for Supercomputing Applications, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungnam Joo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Management; National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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12
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Xu D, Su C, Guo L, Yan H, Wang S, Yuan C, Chen G, Pang L, Zhang N. Predictive Significance of Serum MMP-9 in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Open Life Sci 2019; 14:275-287. [PMID: 33817161 PMCID: PMC7874766 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2019-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is increasing, and there are no reliable serum biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of PTC. This study aimed to assess whether serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) could serve as an auxiliary diagnostic/prognostic marker for PTC after total and partial thyroidectomy. Material and Methods Postoperative serum MMP-9 concentrations were measured in 182 male patients with PTC, 86 male patients with benign thyroid nodule (BTN), and 62 male healthy controls (HCs). Multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression were applied to evaluate the correlation between variables. The performance of serum MMP-9 in diagnosing PTC and predicting structural persistent/recurrent disease (SPRD) during 48 months of follow-up after initial surgery was evaluated by receiving operating characteristic curve analysis. Results The median serum MMP-9 concentration in the PTC group (79.45 ng/ml) was significantly higher than those in the BTN group (47.35 ng/ml) and HC group (47.71 ng/ml). The area under the curve (AUC) for predicting PTC from BTN was 0.852 at a cut-off value of 60.59 ng/ml. Serum MMP-9 was negatively correlated with disease-free survival (OR 1.026, P=0.001). Serum MMP-9 exhibited good performance in predicting SPRD at a cutoff value of 99.25 ng/ml with an AUC of 0.818. Advanced TNM stage (OR 31.371, P=0.019) and serum MMP-9 ≥99.25 ng/ml (OR 4.103, P=0.022) were independent risk factors for SPRD. Conclusions Serum MMP-9 potentially represents a good predictive biomarker for PTC diagnosis and prognosis after thyroidectomy in Chinese male patients for whom radio-imaging indicates suspected PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Xu
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021,China
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021,China
| | - Shaokun Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021,China
| | - Congwang Yuan
- Department of Pain, Yancheng First People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China
| | - Guohui Chen
- Department of Pathology, Jilin City People’s Hospital, Jilin, 132000, China
| | - Li Pang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021,China
- E-mail:
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021,China
- E-mail:
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13
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Zhang W, Sun W, Qin Y, Wu C, He L, Zhang T, Shao L, Zhang H, Zhang P. Knockdown of KDM1A suppresses tumour migration and invasion by epigenetically regulating the TIMP1/MMP9 pathway in papillary thyroid cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4933-4944. [PMID: 31211500 PMCID: PMC6653290 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation plays an important role in cancer. Histone demethylation is a well‐known mechanism of epigenetic regulation that promotes or inhibits tumourigenesis in various malignant tumours. However, the pathogenic role of histone demethylation modifiers in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), which has a high incidence of early lymphatic metastasis, is largely unknown. Here, we detected the expression of common histone demethylation modifiers and found that the histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) demethylase KDM1A (or lysine demethylase 1A) is frequently overexpressed in PTC tissues and cell lines. High KDM1A expression correlated positively with age <55 years and lymph node metastasis in patients with PTC. Moreover, KDM1A was required for PTC cell migration and invasion. KDM1A knockdown inhibited the migration and invasive abilities of PTC cells both in vitro and in vivo. We also identified tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) as a key KDM1A target gene. KDM1A activated matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) through epigenetic repression of TIMP1 expression by demethylating H3K4me2 at the TIMP1 promoter region. Rescue experiments clarified these findings. Altogether, we have uncovered a new mechanism of KDM1A repression of TIMP1 in PTC and suggest that KDM1A may be a promising therapeutic target in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- WenQian Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning Province, China
| | - CangHao Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liang He
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liang Shao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning Province, China
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14
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Xiao C, Huang Y, Gao Q, Feng Z, Li Q, Liu Z. Expression of activator protein-1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma and its clinical significance. World J Surg Oncol 2019; 17:25. [PMID: 30704487 PMCID: PMC6357454 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The abnormal expression of activator protein-1(AP-1) has recently been investigated in a variety of tumors. While the relationship between AP-1 and thyroid cancer is poorly studied, our study was to evaluate the protein expression and clinical value of AP-1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods The expression of AP-1 was examined by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded tissues obtained from PTC and correspondent paracancerous tissues of 82 patients. Results Compared with paracancerous tissues, AP-1 expression was significantly elevated in PTC tissues and the positive rate was 79.3% (65/82). Our study found a linear trend relationship between the expression of AP-1 and tumor size. However, the differences in AP-1 expression among gender, age, lymph node metastasis, number of lesions, location of the lesion, and extrathyroid invasion are not statistically significant. Conclusions The expression of AP-1 plays an important role in the proliferation process of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xiao
- Department of Pancreatic & Endocrine Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yonglian Huang
- Department of Pancreatic & Endocrine Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qiyuan Gao
- Department of Pancreatic & Endocrine Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zijian Feng
- Department of Pancreatic & Endocrine Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pancreatic & Endocrine Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic & Endocrine Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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15
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Liu X, Su C, Xu J, Zhou D, Yan H, Li W, Chen G, Zhang N, Xu D, Hu H. Immunohistochemical analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 predicts papillary thyroid carcinoma prognosis. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:2308-2316. [PMID: 30675296 PMCID: PMC6341782 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the association between immunohistochemical matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and to determine whether it may be used as a diagnostic or prognostic tool for PTC. Immunohistochemical staining of MMP-9 was performed in thyroid tissues obtained from 112 patients with PTC and 42 subjects with benign thyroid nodules (BTNs). The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the legitimacy of MMP-9 as a diagnostic tool for PTC, and a predictor for structurally persistent/recurrent disease (SPRD) and disease status. Cox regression was applied to identify the risk factors of disease status and SPRD. The present study revealed that MMP-9 was overexpressed in PTC tissues, compared with in BTN tissues. Furthermore, MMP-9 scores yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.842 (95% CI, 0.776-0.908) for differentially diagnosing PTC from BTN. In addition, the MMP-9 score was greater if patients previously had central lymph node metastasis, lateral lymph node metastasis or an advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage (III+IV). When MMP-9 was employed to predict disease status and SPRD, an AUC of 0.811 (95% CI, 0.706-0.917) and 0.806 (95% CI, 0.620-0.992) was obtained, respectively. A tumor size of >2 cm and an MMP-9 staining score of ≥6 were independent risk factors for predicting disease status, whereas vascular invasion and an MMP-9 staining score of ≥8 were risk factors for predicting SPRD. Furthermore, an MMP-9 staining score of ≥6 and ≥8 indicated shortened disease-free survival and survival without SPRD, respectively. In conclusion, the assessment of MMP-9 expression in thyroid carcinoma samples may represent a potential and supplementary tool for the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guihui Chen
- Department of Pathology, Jilin City People's Hospital, Jilin, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dahai Xu
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Hu
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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16
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Tasoulas J, Tsourouflis G, Theocharis S. Neovascularization: an attractive but tricky target in thyroid cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:799-810. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1513494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tasoulas
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Tsourouflis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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17
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Guan H, Guo Y, Liu L, Ye R, Liang W, Li H, Xiao H, Li Y. INAVA promotes aggressiveness of papillary thyroid cancer by upregulating MMP9 expression. Cell Biosci 2018; 8:26. [PMID: 29632659 PMCID: PMC5887255 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Innate immunity activator (INAVA) has been shown to be elevated in lung adenocarcinoma. However, its expression pattern and function in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) are unknown. This study aimed to identify the clinical, biological, and mechanistic impacts of INAVA on PTC. Methods Using The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, real time PCR, and immunohistochemistry, the expression of INAVA in PTC was analyzed. Gain- and loss-of-function assays were performed to investigate the role of INAVA in PTC cell invasion, migration, and metastasis. We explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of INAVA in PTC cells using transcriptome resequencing, real time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results We found that INAVA expression was significantly upregulated in PTC and was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments demonstrated that INAVA promoted the aggressive phenotype of PTC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic study suggested that upregulation of INAVA resulted in elevated fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), which in turn increased the expression level of matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9). We further identified that the level of INAVA was positively correlated with the levels of FGF1 and MMP9 in clinical PTC specimens. Conclusion These data establish a novel role for INAVA in promoting PTC progression and suggest that INAVA may represent a therapeutic target for the disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13578-018-0224-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Guan
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Yan Guo
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Liehua Liu
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Runyi Ye
- 2Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Liang
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Hai Li
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Yanbing Li
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
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18
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Liu Y, Zhou H, Yang P, Zhou Y, Wu J, Chen C, Ye M, Luo J. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography features of papillary thyroid carcinoma for predicting cervical lymph node metastasis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4321-4327. [PMID: 29104644 PMCID: PMC5658747 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the predictive value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for the risk of cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Between May 2014 and November 2016, 42 patients who received surgery for suspicious PTCs were enrolled in the present study. Each individual underwent CEUS with conventional ultrasound (US), preoperative US-guided fine needle aspiration and personalized surgery. Subsequently, the microvascular density (MVD) of all surgical specimens was measured. According to the results of surgical histopathology, individuals were divided into two groups: LNM+ (PTCs with LNM), and LNM− (PTCs without LNM). Clinicopathological characteristics, CEUS enhancement patterns, perfusion parameters and measurements of MVD were compared. The correlation between quantitative variables and LNM was analyzed using Spearman's correlation analysis. Compared with that in the LNM− group, patients in the LNM+ group were younger (P<0.05) and had a larger mean tumor size (P<0.05). The incidence ratio of patients who were ≤45 years old (P<0.05), tumors >10 mm in size (P<0.05) and capsular infiltration (P<0.05) were statistically higher in the LNM+ group. Following the use of a novel classification system, the ratio of PTCs with early partial hyper-enhancement was identified to be significantly higher in the LNM+ group (P<0.01). The mean intensity, intensity increase velocity, MVD ratio and mean intensity ratio of intratumoral/peripheral thyroid parenchyma (MIR) were statistically higher in the LNM+ group compared with that in the LNM− group (all P<0.05). MIR was identified to be positive correlated with LNM (P<0.05). A MIR value of 0.86 was the optimal threshold of LNM in PTCs. In conclusion, LNM may rely on the local rich blood supply of PTC lesions. Partial hyper-enhancements of CEUS and higher values of MIR may suggest a high risk for LNM in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu and The Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Southwest Jiao Tong University, Qingyang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu and The Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Southwest Jiao Tong University, Qingyang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu and The Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Southwest Jiao Tong University, Qingyang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu and The Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Southwest Jiao Tong University, Qingyang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu and The Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Southwest Jiao Tong University, Qingyang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
| | - Changyu Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu and The Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Southwest Jiao Tong University, Qingyang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
| | - Ming Ye
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu and The Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Southwest Jiao Tong University, Qingyang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu and The Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Southwest Jiao Tong University, Qingyang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
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19
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Sun L, Wei X, Liu X, Zhou D, Hu F, Zeng Y, Sun Y, Luo S, Zhang Y, Yi XP. Expression of prostaglandin E2 and EP receptors in human papillary thyroid carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4689-97. [PMID: 26511970 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to determine the role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and downstream EP receptors in the development of human papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). A total of 90 thyroid specimens excised from patients undergoing total or subtotal thyroidectomy in the Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China, from August 2013 to September 2014, were analyzed. The quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analyses were employed to examine the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression, respectively. The expressions and significances of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), PGE2, and EP receptors in PTC and nodular goiter were investigated. The COX-2 mRNA and protein expression level significantly increased in the PTC tissues than in the paired noncarcinoma tissues adjacent to the PTC or nodular goiter tissues. The mPGES-1 protein expression was also significantly upregulated in the PTC tissues. All the four subtypes of EP receptors (EP1-4) could express in the thyroid tissues, while only the EP4 mRNA and protein levels significantly increased in the PTC tissues. The local production of PGE2 had a higher-level expression in the PTC tissues than in the noncarcinoma thyroid tissues adjacent to the PTC lesion and the benign nodular goiter tissues. The induction of PGE2 biosynthesis as well as the overexpression of EP4 in PTC suggested that this pathway might play an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of PTC. These observations raise the possibility that pharmacological inhibition of mPGES-1 and/or EP4 may hold therapeutic promise in this common cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao Sun
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaohong Wei
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Danli Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingjuan Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunkui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian Ping Yi
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
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