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Cai L, He Q, Luo H, Gui X, Wei L, Lu Y, Liu J, Sun A. Is depression in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy related to hippocampal sclerosis? A meta-analysis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 225:107602. [PMID: 36689793 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the association between hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and depression in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) through a meta-analysis. METHODS Chinese and English databases, such as the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journals (VIP), WanFang, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed), PubMed and the Web of Science, were searched. RESULTS Two evaluators independently screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RevMan 5.1 was used to analyze the data. A total of 786 patients with epilepsy were included in the study, including 82 depressive patients with HS and 64 depressive patients without HS. The results showed that the TLE patients with HS were more likely to develop depression than those without HS (odds ratio (OR)= 2.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.45, 3.16], Z = 3.85, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION HS can be considered a high-risk factor for depression in patients with TLE, and the correlation is significant. However, the sample size included in the study was small; additional high-quality studies are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Cai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, PR China
| | - Qianchao He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, PR China
| | - Huazheng Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, PR China
| | - Xiongbin Gui
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, PR China.
| | - Liping Wei
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, PR China
| | - Yongjing Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangxi Minzu Hospital, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, PR China
| | - Anna Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, PR China
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Ierusalimsky NV, Karimova ED, Samotaeva IS, Luzin RV, Zinchuk MS, Rider FK, Guekht AB. [Structural brain changes in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and comorbid depression]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:83-89. [PMID: 37796072 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312309183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the morphological features of the brain structures in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and comorbid depression. MATERIAL AND METHODS From 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2020, we studied 80 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (aged 18-60 years, 38 of whom had comorbid depression) and 48 healthy subjects of comparable age. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was performed using the epilepsy protocol in a scanner with a magnetic field strength of 1.5 T. Focal temporal lobe epilepsy was diagnosed by neurologists (epileptologists) specialising in epilepsy according to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification of epilepsy. Psychiatrists assessed the presence and severity of depressive disorders by clinical interview and by participants' scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). MRI data were processed using FreeSurfer 6.0 software to determine volumes of subcortical structures and thicknesses of cortical structures. At the group level, analysis of covariance with Holm-Bonferroni correction was used as the statistical method. RESULTS Morphometric analysis revealed a significant decrease in the volume of the thalamus bilaterally and the brain stem and an increase in the volume of the choroid plexus in the left hemisphere, as well as a significant decrease in the thickness of the entorhinal cortex, temporal pole and isthmus of the cingulate gyrus in the left hemisphere and middle temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus in the right hemisphere in patients with epilepsy compared to healthy controls. No association was found between the presence of depression and significant structural changes on MRI. CONCLUSION The data obtained suggest an effect of temporal lobe epilepsy, but not comorbid depression, on the morphology of brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Ierusalimsky
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - E D Karimova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - I S Samotaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - R V Luzin
- Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - M S Zinchuk
- Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - F K Rider
- Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - A B Guekht
- Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Tallarico M, Pisano M, Leo A, Russo E, Citraro R, De Sarro G. Antidepressant Drugs for Seizures and Epilepsy: Where do we Stand? Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1691-1713. [PMID: 35761500 PMCID: PMC10514547 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220627160048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
People with epilepsy (PWE) are more likely to develop depression and both these complex chronic diseases greatly affect health-related quality of life (QOL). This comorbidity contributes to the deterioration of the QOL further than increasing the severity of epilepsy worsening prognosis. Strong scientific evidence suggests the presence of shared pathogenic mechanisms. The correct identification and management of these factors are crucial in order to improve patients' QOL. This review article discusses recent original research on the most common pathogenic mechanisms of depression in PWE and highlights the effects of antidepressant drugs (ADs) against seizures in PWE and animal models of seizures and epilepsy. Newer ADs, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRRI) or serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), particularly sertraline, citalopram, mirtazapine, reboxetine, paroxetine, fluoxetine, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, venlafaxine, duloxetine may lead to improvements in epilepsy severity whereas the use of older tricyclic antidepressant (TCAs) can increase the occurrence of seizures. Most of the data demonstrate the acute effects of ADs in animal models of epilepsy while there is a limited number of studies about the chronic antidepressant effects in epilepsy and epileptogenesis or on clinical efficacy. Much longer treatments are needed in order to validate the effectiveness of these new alternatives in the treatment and the development of epilepsy, while further clinical studies with appropriate protocols are warranted in order to understand the real potential contribution of these drugs in the management of PWE (besides their effects on mood).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Tallarico
- System and Applied Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Pisano
- System and Applied Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Leo
- System and Applied Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- System and Applied Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rita Citraro
- System and Applied Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- System and Applied Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Dhaher R, Bronen RA, Spencer L, Colic L, Brown F, Mian A, Sandhu M, Pittman B, Spencer D, Blumberg HP, Altalib H. The Dorsal Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis in Depressed and Non-Depressed Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients. Epilepsia 2022; 63:2561-2570. [PMID: 35883245 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and depression are common comorbid disorders whose underlying shared neural network has yet to be determined. While animal studies demonstrate a role for the dorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dBNST) in both seizures and depression, and humans clinical studies demonstrate a therapeutic effect of stimulating this region on treatment-resistant depression, the role for the dBNST in depressed and non-depressed TLE patients is still unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that this structure is morphologically abnormal in these epilepsy patients, with an increased abnormality in TLE patients with comorbid depression. METHODS In this case-controlled study, three Tesla structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from TLE patients with no depression (TLEonly), with depression (TLEdep) and healthy comparison subjects (HC). TLE subjects were recruited from the Yale University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, diagnosed with the International League Against Epilepsy 2014 Diagnostic Guidelines, and confirmed by video electroencephalography. Diagnosis of major depressive disorder was confirmed by a trained neuropsychologist through a Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview based on the DSM-IV. The dBNST was delineated manually by reliable raters using Bioimage Suite software. RESULTS The number of patients and subjects included 35 TLEonly patients, 20 TLEdep patients, and 102 HC subjects. Both TLEonly and TLEdep patients had higher dBNST volumes compared to HC subjects, unilaterally in the left hemisphere in the TLEonly patients (p=0.003), and bilaterally in the TLEdep patients (p<0·0001). Furthermore, the TLEdep patients had a higher dBNST volume than the TLEonly patients in the right hemisphere (p=0.02). SIGNIFICANCE Here we demonstrate an abnormality of the dBNST in TLE patients, both without depression (left enlargement) and with depression (bilateral enlargement). Our results demonstrate this region to underlie both temporal lobe epilepsy with and without depression, implicating it as a target to treat the comorbidity between these two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Dhaher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard A Bronen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Linda Spencer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lejla Colic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.,Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health, Jena, Germany
| | - Franklin Brown
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ali Mian
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MI, USA
| | - Mani Sandhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dennis Spencer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hilary P Blumberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hamada Altalib
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Rahman MM, Islam F, Afsana Mim S, Khan MS, Islam MR, Haque MA, Mitra S, Emran TB, Rauf A. Multifunctional Therapeutic Approach of Nanomedicines against Inflammation in Cancer and Aging. JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS 2022; 2022:1-19. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4217529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a fatal disorder that affects people across the globe, yet existing therapeutics are ineffective. The development of submicrometer transport for optimizing the biodistribution of systemically provided medications is the focus of nanomedicine. Nanoparticle- (NP-) based treatments may enable the development of novel therapeutic approaches to combat this deadly disorder. In multifunctional, multimodal imaging, and drug delivery carriers, NPs generally play a major role. They have emerged as potential strategies for the invention of innovative therapeutic procedures in the last decade. The exponential growth of nanotechnologies in recent years has increased public awareness of the application of these innovative therapeutic approaches. Many tumor-targeted nanomedicines have been studied in cancer therapy, and there is clear evidence for a significant improvement in the therapeutic index of antineoplastic drugs. Age-related factors such as metabolic and physiological alterations in old age and inadequate animal models are currently understudied in nanomedicine and pharmacology. This review highlighted the most important targeting approaches, as well as public awareness, therapeutic advancements, and future prospects in age-related metabolic variations, and tumor-targeted nanomedicine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Afsana Mim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shajib Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Anamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Suleymanova EM. Behavioral comorbidities of epilepsy and neuroinflammation: Evidence from experimental and clinical studies. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 117:107869. [PMID: 33684786 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently, a significant amount of data is accumulated showing that neuroinflammation is one of the key processes in the development of brain pathology in trauma, neurodegenerative diseases, and epilepsy. Various brain insults, such as prolonged seizure activity, trigger the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the brain. These cells, in turn, begin to synthesize pro-inflammatory cytokines. The inflammatory response to the insult causes a cascade of processes leading to a wide range of pathological effects, including changes in neuronal excitability, long-term plastic changes, astrocyte dysfunction, impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and neurodegeneration. These effects may ultimately contribute to the development of chronic spontaneous seizures. On the other hand, neuroinflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, neuroinflammation can be a link between epilepsy and its comorbidities, such as mood and anxiety disorders and memory impairment. The mechanisms behind these behavioral and cognitive impairments remain not fully understood. In this paper, clinical evidence of an important role of neuroinflammation in epilepsy and potentially comorbid neurological disorders is reviewed, as well as possible mechanisms of its involvement in the pathogenesis of these conditions obtained from experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Suleymanova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, 117485 Butlerova 5A, Moscow, Russia.
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7
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Elkommos S, Mula M. A systematic review of neuroimaging studies of depression in adults with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 115:107695. [PMID: 33348194 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression is a relatively common comorbidity in people with epilepsy with a lifetime history identified in 1 in 4 individuals. In this paper, we aimed to provide a systematic review of structural and functional brain region-specific group differences of adults with epilepsy and depression and to discuss existing evidence as compared to that in people with depression. METHODS We undertook a systematic review of neuroimaging studies of depression in adults with epilepsy through MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase and PsycInfo searches until June 2020. RESULTS A total of 44 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis: 21 on structural neuroimaging, 9 on functional, and 14 on pharmaco/metabolic neuroimaging. Almost all studies focused on temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Patterns of changes in the hippocampi and subcortical structures seem to be different from those reported in depression outside epilepsy. Cortical changes are grossly similar as well as the lack of any laterality effect. Serotonin dysfunction seems to be due to different mechanisms with reduced synaptic availability for depression in epilepsy as compared to reduced 5HT1 receptor density outside epilepsy. Depressive symptoms seem to correlate with a dysfunction in temporolimbic structures contralateral to the epileptogenic zone especially in patients with de novo postsurgical depression. CONCLUSIONS Depression, at least in TLE, seems to be associated with a different pattern of brain changes as compared to major depression, potentially supporting the notion of phenomenological peculiarities of depression in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Elkommos
- Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Mula
- Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's University of London, United Kingdom.
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Gugała-Iwaniuk M, Sławińska K, Bochyńska A, Konopko M, Rola R, Ryglewicz D, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz H. The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in Polish epilepsy patients - The context of pharmaco-resistance. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 114:107522. [PMID: 33272895 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with epilepsy (PWE) are at a higher risk of experiencing depressive and anxiety symptoms than the general population; these symptoms are more prevalent in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) compared to those with non-drug-resistant epilepsy (NDRE). The aim of the present study was to compare the level of reported depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with DRE and patients with NDRE and to examine the relationships between demographic and epilepsy-related variables and severity of depression and anxiety symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 193 adult PWE, divided into a DRE group (n = 87), and an NDRE group (n = 106), completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Stat-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Sand STAI-T). Data analysis included sociodemographic and disease-related variables such as the type of epilepsy syndrome, age at onset of disease, and duration of the disease. RESULTS The DRE group presented a higher score of BDI than the NDRE group (p = 0.04). Age correlated with the score of STAI-S in the NDRE group (r = 0.22). Sex was the only significant predictor of the score of STAI-T in the NDRE group. Men from the DRE group presented higher scores in BDI, STAI-S, and STA-T compared with the NDRE group. CONCLUSIONS Patients with DRE reported more severe depressive symptoms than patients with NDRE. In NDRE patients, the level of anxiety, considered as a state, was correlated with age. Sex was a significant predictor of the level of anxiety in DRE patients. Pharmaco-resistance was significantly associated with severity of depression and anxiety in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gugała-Iwaniuk
- Ist Department of Neurology, The Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw (I Klinika Neurologiczna, Instytut Psychiatrii I Neurologii, ul.Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Ksenia Sławińska
- Ist Department of Neurology, The Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw (I Klinika Neurologiczna, Instytut Psychiatrii I Neurologii, ul.Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Bochyńska
- Ist Department of Neurology, The Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw (I Klinika Neurologiczna, Instytut Psychiatrii I Neurologii, ul.Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Konopko
- Ist Department of Neurology, The Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw (I Klinika Neurologiczna, Instytut Psychiatrii I Neurologii, ul.Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Rafał Rola
- Ist Department of Neurology, The Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw (I Klinika Neurologiczna, Instytut Psychiatrii I Neurologii, ul.Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warszawa, Poland; Neurological Department, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw (Klinika Neurologiczna, Wojskowy Instytut Medycyny Lotniczej, ul.Krasińskiego 54/56, 01-755 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Danuta Ryglewicz
- Ist Department of Neurology, The Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw (I Klinika Neurologiczna, Instytut Psychiatrii I Neurologii, ul.Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Halina Sienkiewicz-Jarosz
- Ist Department of Neurology, The Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw (I Klinika Neurologiczna, Instytut Psychiatrii I Neurologii, ul.Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warszawa, Poland
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Hwang BY, Mampre D, Penn R, Anderson WS, Kang J, Kamath V. Olfactory Testing in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: a Systematic Review. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2020; 20:65. [PMID: 33169232 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-020-01083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Olfactory testing is a potentially safe, cost-effective, bedside evaluation tool for diagnosis, monitoring, and risk assessment for surgery in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients, but testing methods and relevant olfactory domains are not standardized. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate olfactory tests in TLE and summarize the results of the literature. RECENT FINDINGS Olfactory tests varied significantly in odorant administration tools and devices, target odorants, evaluation timing, and grading scales. The Smell Threshold Test and University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test were the most validated single-domain tests for odor detection and odor identification, respectively. For multi-domain tests, Odor Memory/Discrimination Test and the Sniffin' Sticks test were the most validated. Results of olfactory tests in TLE are presented by domain. Rigorous validation, standardization, and comparative analysis of existing olfactory tests by domain is urgently needed to establish the utility and efficacy of olfactory testing in TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Y Hwang
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 8-181, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - David Mampre
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 8-181, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Rachel Penn
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William S Anderson
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 8-181, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Joon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vidyulata Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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