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Mahmoudi S, Iranmanesh P, Khazaei S, Jahromi MZ. Immediate and Delayed Post Space Preparations in Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Scoping Review. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:625. [PMID: 36544179 PMCID: PMC9773456 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02564-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present review was to identify the effect of the post-space preparation (PSP) timing (immediate or delayed) on endodontically treated teeth. METHODS All studies in any language that compared the effect of immediate versus delayed PSP on the outcomes of an endodontically treated tooth were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, ProQuest, WorldCat, and Google Scholar databases by two independent researchers until February 12, 2022. Studies assessing merely the immediate or delayed PSP were excluded. A descriptive analysis was performed to evaluate the study design and the characteristics of the included studies. RESULTS The initial search yielded 2612 records, of which 68 were included. Except for one randomized controlled trial, all were in vitro. The evaluated variables were apical/coronal microleakage (n = 48/n = 1), post-bond strength (n = 8), bacterial infiltration (n = 7), presence of voids (n = 3), apical extrusion and residual of filling material (n = 1), and post-operative pain (n = 1). The number of publications had steady growth per year and fast growth per decade. "Post-space preparation" was the most popular keywords. CONCLUSIONS The present review highlights the need for further investigations due to the various design of studies, controversial results, and an inadequate number of randomized controlled trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION Retrospectively registered. Open Science ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/2YTM6 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Mahmoudi
- grid.411757.10000 0004 1755 5416Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pedram Iranmanesh
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDental Research Center and Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saber Khazaei
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Zare Jahromi
- grid.411757.10000 0004 1755 5416Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Hajihassani N, Mohammadi N, Karimi Kelayeh A, Aalaei S. Comparison of the effect of post space preparation time on the apical seal of two different sealers. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:356. [PMID: 35978297 PMCID: PMC9387075 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study compared the effect of post space preparation time on the apical seal of two different sealers. METHODS In the in vitro study, 94 central incisors were used. After the samples' root canal preparation, they were randomly assigned to four experimental groups (n = 21). The samples in groups 1 and 2 were obturated with AH Plus sealer, gutta-percha, and in groups 3 and 4 with Endoseal MTA bioceramic sealer and single cone technique. The post spaces in groups 1 and 3 were prepared immediately and in groups 2 and 4 with a delay. The samples were evaluated at 7-, 30-, and 90-day intervals for apical microleakage using the fluid filtration technique. The data were analyzed with SPSS 25, using three-way ANOVA and independent t-test. RESULTS The apical microleakage in groups 3 and 4, obturated with Endoseal MTA bioceramic sealer and prepared immediately and after a delay, respectively, was not significantly different between the interval times. In group 2, obturated with AH Plus sealer and prepared for post space with a delay, the apical microleakage was significantly less than all the other groups. Group 1, obturated with AH Plus sealer and prepared for post space immediately, exhibited the least microleakage after seven days, but its microleakage increased over time to reach the level of groups 3 and 4. CONCLUSION According to the results, the apical microleakage in the AH + sealer group and the delayed post-space preparation method, was significantly less than all the other groups over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Hajihassani
- grid.412606.70000 0004 0405 433XDepartment of Endodontics, Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Navid Mohammadi
- grid.412606.70000 0004 0405 433XChildren Growth Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran ,Canada Optimax Access Consulting, Conquitlam, BC Canada
| | - Ahmad Karimi Kelayeh
- grid.412606.70000 0004 0405 433XStudent Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Shima Aalaei
- grid.412606.70000 0004 0405 433XDepartment of Prosthodontics, Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Bahonar Blvd., Qazvin, Iran
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Mostafavi AS, Rasoulzadehsheikh M, Meraji N, Pourhajibagher M. Bacterial microleakage in endodontically treated teeth following two methods of postspace preparation at two-time intervals: An in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2022; 22:233-239. [PMID: 36511052 PMCID: PMC9416957 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_441_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The goal of this study was to analyze the bacterial microleakage following two methods (heat vs. rotary) of postspace preparation after two-time intervals (immediate vs. 1 week later). Setting and Design In vitro-comparative study. Materials and Methods Eighty-two single-rooted teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction. Root canals were prepared using rotary files. After root canal obturation, specimens were randomly allocated to 4 experimental groups based on the method of postspace preparation (heat or peeso reamer) and time interval (immediate or 1 week later) (n = 18). Group 1: Peeso reamer-immediate, Group 2: Heat-immediate, Group 3: Peeso reamer-1 week later, Group 4: Heat-1 week later. 10 specimens were considered as positive and negative controls (n = 5 each). Custom-made dual-chamber devices were used to appraise the bacterial microleakage for 60 days. Statistical Analysis Used Data were analyzed with Chi-Square and Log-Rank tests and Cox regression. Results All through the experimental period, there was no significant difference (P = 0.41) between the studied groups. Groups 2 and 4 had the highest microleakage and the lowest survival rate (55.56% ± 11.71%). Group 1 showed the lowest microleakage and the highest survival rate (77.8% ± 9.80%). Conclusions The applied techniques for postspace preparation and the time intervals (neither independently nor simultaneously) showed no significant difference in the field of bacterial leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam S. Mostafavi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Naghmeh Meraji
- Board Certified Endodontist, Private Practice, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rosatto CMPD, Ferraz DC, Oliveira LV, Soares PBF, Soares CJ, Tanomaru Filho M, Moura CCG. Effect of irrigation protocols on root canal wall after post preparation: a micro-CT and microhardness study. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e122. [PMID: 34878077 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different post space irrigation protocols for removing residual filling material from dentin walls, by using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), and the influence of these protocols on dentin microhardness. Bovine incisors (n = 35) were filled with the single-cone technique and MTA Fillapex (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil). Post space preparation (PSP) was performed 7 days after filling, using the Odous Touch electrical system (Odous De Deus Ind. e Com., Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil), followed by post space irrigation using manual irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation, or Easy Clean, together with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), or with 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA (NaOCl/EDTA). Micro-CT scans were performed at three time points. The residual filling material was evaluated at three levels: cervical, middle and apical. The Knoop test was measured with four indentations around the canal lumen at three dentin depths: X (100 μm), Y (200 μm) and Z (400 μm). Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA (p < 0.05). The effects of the activation method (p < 0.001), and the root level (p = 0.013), as well as the interaction between the irrigant and the activation method (p = 0.041), led to different percentages of residual filling material. Lower amounts of residual filling material were observed at the cervical versus the middle and apical levels (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in dentin microhardness (p > 0.05). The best removal of the residual filling material was performed using the Easy Clean tip and NaOCl/EDTA, regardless of the activation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danilo Cassiano Ferraz
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian Vieira Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira Soares
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Uberlândia, MG, BraziL
| | - Carlos José Soares
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Mario Tanomaru Filho
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Wei X, Peng P, Peng F, Dong J. Natural Polymer Eucommia Ulmoides Rubber: A Novel Material. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3797-3821. [PMID: 33761246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As the second natural rubber resource, Eucommia ulmoides rubber (EUR) from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is mainly composed of trans-1,4-polyisoprene, which is the isomer of natural rubber cis-1,4-polyisoprene from Hevea brasiliensis. In the past few years, the great potential application of EUR has received increasing attention, and there is a growing awareness that the natural polymer EUR could become an emerging research topic in field of the novel materials due to its unique and excellent duality of both rubber and plastic. To gain insight into its further development, in this review, the extraction, structure, physicochemical properties, and modification of EUR are discussed in detail. More emphasis on the potential applications in the fields of the environment, agriculture, engineering, and biomedical engineering is summarized. Finally, some insights into the challenges and perspectives of EUR are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingneng Wei
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Pai Peng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Feng Peng
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Juane Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Takatsuki-Hira A, Kaketani M, Shimizu K, Tamura T, Nakamura T, Toyama Y, Yoneyama T, Takeichi O. Efficacy of prototype endodontic obturators for novel root canal obturation techniques using a resin-based sealer in various powder-liquid ratios. J Oral Sci 2021; 63:157-162. [PMID: 33597337 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.20-0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine novel techniques using prototype endodontic obturators to obturate a resin-based sealer. METHODS Powder-liquid ratios of MetaSEAL Soft were changed to obtain suitable root canal sealing, and the physical properties for various powder-liquid ratios were analyzed according to ISO-6876. Tensile bond strength was also examined. Prototype endodontic obturators with a combination of thread numbers and pitch angles were analyzed for sealing ability after MetaSEAL Soft was obturated in simulated root canals. RESULTS Powder-liquid ratios of 1.0:1, 1.1:1, 1.2:1, and 1.3:1 showed suitable physical properties; however, flow for 1.4:1 was below a standard value. Tensile bond strength increased gradually when the powder-liquid ratio changed from 1.0:1 to 1.3:1, and 1.3:1 and 1.4:1 showed the highest and lowest bond strengths, respectively. Sealing ability increased when pitch angles of the obturators were 5°, 8°, and 11°; 11° showed the best results. Similarly, sealing ability increased when the thread number was 12, 17, and 22 pitches; 22 showed the best results. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the prototype endodontic obturator can be useful for obturating MetaSEAL Soft, and a powder-liquid ratio of 1.3:1 MetaSEAL Soft may be the most suitable for achieving excellent sealing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masahiro Kaketani
- Department of Dental Materials, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Kohei Shimizu
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Takahito Tamura
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | | | - Yurika Toyama
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Takayuki Yoneyama
- Department of Dental Materials, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Osamu Takeichi
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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Comparison between immediate and delayed post space preparations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:417-440. [PMID: 33417064 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the effects of immediate and delayed post space preparation on apical sealing. MATERIALS AND METHOD Two independent authors conducted a systematic search (PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, and other databases, until February 2020) and a risk of bias evaluation. Only in vitro studies that compared the effects of immediate and delayed post space preparations on apical filling and adhesion of the post were eligible. RESULT Of the 742 articles retrieved, 32 were included. Most of the studies used single-rooted human teeth and rotary files for root canal preparation, a single-cone technique for the filling protocol, and rotary instruments for post space preparation. Various delayed preparation times were evaluated: 8-72 h, 5-30 days (mainly 7 days), and 4 months. In nine studies, the delayed groups showed more apical leakage, while four studies reported more leakage in the immediate groups; ten studies found no significant difference. One study found more bacterial penetration in the delayed group, whereas three studies showed no significant difference. One study reported more voids in the delayed group, while another found no such difference. Three studies showed better post-bond strength in the delayed group, one in the immediate group, whereas three found no significant difference in post-bond strength. Three studies employing varied sealers for root canal fillings were considered for meta-analysis. Two subgroup analyses were also performed (one concerning the use of resin-based sealers (AH Plus), another for zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealers). The results of the meta-analysis showed that a delayed post space preparation led to a significantly higher apical leakage than an immediate preparation (mean difference = 0.41 mm, confidence interval = 0.24-0.59, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Delayed post space preparation seems to negatively influence apical sealing; however, further studies are needed to determine the influence of the timing of post space preparation on the other parameters. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Immediate post space preparation may be the safest clinical choice to prevent apical leakage.
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