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Fan J, Zhang D, Jiang Y, Yu L, Han B, Qian Z. The effects of PPARγ inhibitor on bones and bone marrow fat in aged glucocorticoid-treated female rats. Exp Gerontol 2023; 181:112281. [PMID: 37659742 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Progressive bone marrow (BM) fat accumulation is a common bone loss characteristic in older populations and glucocorticoid (GC)-induced skeletal destruction that is inversely associated with bone synthesis and directly associated with increased peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression. PPARγ inhibition is an efficient therapeutic strategy for aged- and GC-related skeletal disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PPARγ inhibition on aged GC-treated female rats. It was hypothesised that bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) could inhibit marrow adiposity and improve osteogenesis by inhibiting PPARγ, thereby preventing GC-induced osteoporosis (GIO). Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 32, age = 18 months) were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: (1) control, (2) BADGE (30 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal), (3) methylprednisolone (MP; 30 mg/kg/day, subcutaneous), and (4) MP + BADGE. After eight weeks of treatment, bone density (BD) and trabecular bone microarchitectures were quantified by micro-computed tomography (CT), and BM adipocytes were quantified by histopathology. Additionally, mRNA and protein expression of adipogenic and osteogenic markers were quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, serum bone turnover biomarker levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MP treatment led to marrow adipogenesis and bone deterioration. However, rats treated with MP + BADGE showed lower marrow adipogenesis, as indicated by smaller marrow adipocyte diameter, decreased density and area percentages, reduced expression of marrow adipogenic genes and proteins, improved BD and trabecular microarchitectures, increased expression of osteogenic genes and proteins, and higher levels of serum bone formation markers. These results were consistent with the differences observed between control and BADGE mono-treated rats. In conclusion, BADGE treatment attenuates BM adiposity and improves bone formation in aged GC-treated female rats by inhibiting PPARγ. Therefore, PPARγ might be a potential target for treating GIO in older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzheng Fan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Dalong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - Yuyan Jiang
- Department of Nuclear medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lechang Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Department of Toxicology, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China.
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Qin Y, Bily D, Aguirre M, Zhang K, Xie L. Understanding PPARγ and Its Agonists on Trophoblast Differentiation and Invasion: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preeclampsia. Nutrients 2023; 15:2459. [PMID: 37299422 PMCID: PMC10255128 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of pregnancy complications, particularly gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE), is a cause for concern, as they can result in serious health consequences for both mothers and infants. The pathogenesis of these complications is still not fully understood, although it is known that the pathologic placenta plays a crucial role. Studies have shown that PPARγ, a transcription factor involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, may have a critical role in the etiology of these complications. While PPARγ agonists are FDA-approved drugs for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, their safety during pregnancy is not yet established. Nevertheless, there is growing evidence for the therapeutic potential of PPARγ in the treatment of PE using mouse models and in cell cultures. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the mechanism of PPARγ in placental pathophysiology and to explore the possibility of using PPARγ ligands as a treatment option for pregnancy complications. Overall, this topic is of great significance for improving maternal and fetal health outcomes and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Qin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Q.); (D.B.); (M.A.); (K.Z.)
| | - Donalyn Bily
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Q.); (D.B.); (M.A.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Makayla Aguirre
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Q.); (D.B.); (M.A.); (K.Z.)
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Q.); (D.B.); (M.A.); (K.Z.)
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Q.); (D.B.); (M.A.); (K.Z.)
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Lv H, Yang T, He A, Wang M, Jia H, Ma M, Li S. miR-27b attenuates dexamethasone-inhibited proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells by targeting PPARγ2. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:127. [PMID: 34970350 PMCID: PMC8713181 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone illness characterized by low bone density and a high risk of fracture. It is estimated that there are >60 million individuals in China suffering from this disease, which highlights an urgent requirement for the development of novel and safe drugs for the long-term treatment of osteoporosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have previously been identified as critical regulators in the progression of osteoporosis. As an intronic miRNA, miR-27b enhances the osteoblastic differentiation of stem cells from the bone marrow and the maxillary sinus membrane. However, the mechanism underlying miR-27b in osteoporosis remains to be elucidated. In the present study, MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were treated with dexamethasone (DEX) to establish an in vitro model of osteoporosis. The results of the present study demonstrated that DEX treatment markedly inhibited the viability of MC3T3-E1 cells, and downregulated the expression level of miR-27b. The results of reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting and dual-luciferase assays revealed that miR-27b directly regulated and suppressed the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2) in MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-27b by transfection of cells with miR-27b mimic attenuated DEX-mediated inhibition of cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression levels of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), runt-related protein 2 (Runx2) and osteocalcin (OCN). The results of the present study indicated that miR-27b alleviated DEX-inhibited proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation. Moreover, miR-27b knockdown repressed MC3T3-E1 cell viability, ALP activity and protein levels of BMP2, Runx2 and OCN. However, these effects were abrogated by small interfering RNA-mediated PPARγ2 silencing. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that miR-27b attenuated DEX-inhibited proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts by targeting PPARγ2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huicheng Lv
- Second Department of Trauma, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010000, P.R. China
| | - Tieyi Yang
- Second Department of Trauma, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010000, P.R. China
| | - Aimin He
- Second Department of Trauma, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010000, P.R. China
| | - Mingbo Wang
- Second Department of Trauma, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010000, P.R. China
| | - Haisheng Jia
- Second Department of Trauma, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010000, P.R. China
| | - Min Ma
- Second Department of Trauma, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010000, P.R. China
| | - Siqin Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010020, P.R. China
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Gaculenko A, Gregoric G, Popp V, Seyler L, Ringer M, Kachler K, Wu Z, Kisel W, Hofbauer C, Hofbauer LC, Uder M, Schett G, Bäuerle T, Bozec A. Systemic PPARγ Antagonism Reduces Metastatic Tumor Progression in Adipocyte-Rich Bone in Excess Weight Male Rodents. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:2440-2452. [PMID: 34378824 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary tumors are widely associated with an excess in body fat. The role of adipose tissue on tumor cell homing to bone is yet poorly defined. In this study, we aimed to assess whether bone colonization by tumor cells is favored by an adipocyte-rich bone marrow. We delineated the accompanying alterations of the bone microenvironment and established a treatment approach that interferes with high fat diet (HFD)-induced bone metastasis formation. We were able to show that adipocytes affect skeletal tumor growth in a metastatic model of breast cancer in male rats and melanoma in male mice as well as in human breast cancer bone biopsies. Indeed, HFD-induced bone marrow adiposity was accompanied by accelerated tumor progression and increased osteolytic lesions. In human bone metastases, bone marrow adiposity correlated with tumor cell proliferation. By antagonization of the adipocyte differentiation and storage pathway linked to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) with bisphenol-A-diglycidylether (BADGE), we were able to decelerate tumor progression and subsequent osteolytic damage in the bones of two distinct metastatic animal models exposed to HFD. Overall these data show that adipose tissue is a critical factor in bone metastases and cancer-induced bone loss. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Gaculenko
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gasper Gregoric
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Popp
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Seyler
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mark Ringer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katerina Kachler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zhengquan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wadim Kisel
- University Center for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery OUPC, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine Hofbauer
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden/University Cancer Center (UCC), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III and University Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Deng YX, He WG, Cai HJ, Jiang JH, Yang YY, Dan YR, Luo HH, Du Y, Chen L, He BC. Analysis and Validation of Hub Genes in Blood Monocytes of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:815245. [PMID: 35095774 PMCID: PMC8792966 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.815245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common systemic bone disease caused by the imbalance between osteogenic activity and osteoclastic activity. Aged women are at higher risk of osteoporosis, partly because of estrogen deficiency. However, the underlying mechanism of how estrogen deficiency affects osteoclast activity has not yet been well elucidated. In this study, GSE2208 and GSE56815 datasets were downloaded from GEO database with 25 PreH BMD women and 25 PostL BMD women in total. The RRA algorithm determined 38 downregulated DEGs and 30 upregulated DEGs. Through GO analysis, we found that downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in myeloid cell differentiation, cytokine-related functions while upregulated DEGs enriched in immune-related biological processes; pathways like Notch signaling and MAPK activation were found in KEGG/Rectome pathway database; a PPI network which contains 66 nodes and 91 edges was constructed and three Modules were obtained by Mcode; Correlation analysis helped us to find highly correlated genes in each module. Moreover, three hub genes FOS, PTPN6, and CTSD were captured by Cytohubba. Finally, the hub genes were further confirmed in blood monocytes of ovariectomy (OVX) rats by real-time PCR assay. In conclusion, the integrative bioinformatics analysis and real-time PCR analysis were utilized to offer fresh light into the role of monocytes in premenopausal osteoporosis and identified FOS, PTPN6, and CTSD as potential biomarkers for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Ge He
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Hai Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Rong Dan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Hong Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Chen, ; Bai-Cheng He,
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Chen, ; Bai-Cheng He,
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