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The eSports Medicine: Pre-Participation Screening and Injuries Management-An Update. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11020034. [PMID: 36828319 PMCID: PMC9966106 DOI: 10.3390/sports11020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, electronic sports (eSports) became one of the growing forms of new media due to the wide diffusion of games and online technologies. Even if there is still a debate about the definition and characterization of eSports, eAthletes train heavily, compete in tournaments, must abide by competition, association, and governing body rules, just like all other athletes. Furthermore, as in any other competitive discipline, there can be injuries. Aberrant sitting posture, repetitive movements, screen vision, prolonged playing hours, and a sedentary lifestyle can lead to several medical hazards in musculoskeletal, ophthalmology, neurological, and metabolic systems. Moreover, several cardiovascular changes occur in eAthletes. This paper aims to explore the different injuries that can occur in a professional eAthlete, suggesting how every high-level gamer could benefit from a pre-participation evaluation and a correct injury prevention strategy.
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Fu G, Zenggen R, Li L, Xueshuang W, Wenbo C. Effects of lying posture and task type on muscle fatigue, visual fatigue, and discomfort while using a smartphone on the bed. Work 2023; 76:691-705. [PMID: 36911964 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neck-shoulder and arm musculoskeletal disorders in smartphone use have attracted increasing attention. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the effect of different lying postures and task types by comparing the electrooculography (EOG) responses, perceived discomfort, and the activity of neck-shoulder and arm muscles while using a smartphone on the bed. METHODS Twenty participants were recruited to perform 30-min tasks (texting/ watching video) while holding the smartphone in three different lying postures (half-lying/lying/side-lying). Subjective discomfort, muscular activities including the abductor pollicis brevis (APB), upper trapezius (UT), and extensor carpi radialis (ECR), and EOG signals were simultaneously monitored. RESULTS The results showed that the perceived discomfort of measured body parts increased significantly over time in all postures. Watching video significantly increases muscle activities of APB and UT and decreases blink frequency and blink duration. Compared to lying or half-lying, the side-lying posture has the highest blink frequency, blink duration, and muscle activities in ECR and UT. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that side-lying posture should be avoided while using a smartphone on the bed. It provides an understanding of the association between the postures of using smartphones on the bed and fatigue, which can help prevent muscle and visual fatigue in smartphone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Fu
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Business Administration, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ren Zenggen
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Business Administration, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liu Li
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Business Administration, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wang Xueshuang
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Cai Wenbo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Business Administration, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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Tang Y, Li Y, Yang M, Zheng X, An B, Zheng J. The effect of hip abductor fatigue on knee kinematics and kinetics during normal gait. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1003023. [PMID: 36267239 PMCID: PMC9577318 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1003023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of hip abductor fatigue on the kinematics and kinetics of the knee joint during walking in healthy people to provide a new approach for the prevention and treatment of knee-related injuries and diseases. Methods Twenty healthy participants, ten females, and ten males, with a mean age of 25.10 ± 1.2 years, were recruited. Isometric muscle strength testing equipment was used to measure the changes in muscle strength before and after fatigue, and the surface electromyography (SEMG) data during fatigue were recorded synchronously. The Vicon system and an AMTI© force platform were used to record the kinematic parameters and ground reaction force (GRF) of twenty participants walking at a self-selected speed before and after fatigue. Visual 3D software was used to calculate the angles and torques of the hip and knee joints. Results After fatigue, the muscle strength, median frequency (MF) and mean frequency (MNF) of participants decreased significantly (P < 0.001). The sagittal plane range of motion (ROM) of the knee (P < 0.0001) and hip joint (P < 0.01) on the fatigue side was significantly smaller than before fatigue. After fatigue, the first and second peaks of the external knee adduction moment (EKAM) in participants were greater than before fatigue (P < 0.0001), and the peak values of the knee abduction moment were also higher than those before fatigue (P < 0.05). On the horizontal plane, there is also a larger peak of internal moment during walking after fatigue (P < 0.01). Conclusion Hip abductor fatigue affects knee kinematics and kinetics during normal gait. Therefore, evaluating hip abductor strength and providing intensive training for patients with muscle weakness may be an important part of preventing knee-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Maosha Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Zheng,
| | - Bingchen An
- Department of Rehabilitation, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University, Shanghai, China
- Bingchen An,
| | - Jiejiao Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University, Shanghai, China
- Jiejiao Zheng,
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Sala E, Lopomo NF, Romagnoli F, Tomasi C, Fostinelli J, De Palma G. Pinch Grip per SE Is Not an Occupational Risk Factor for the Musculoskeletal System: An Experimental Study on Field. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19158975. [PMID: 35897343 PMCID: PMC9330668 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Some ergonomic evaluation methods define pinch grip as a risk factor independent of the exerted force. The present experimental study was performed with the main aim of objectively measuring the muscle engagement during the execution of pinch grip. Methods: the participants of the study were healthy workers occupationally involved in a high-intensity repetitive job related to the sorting of letters and small packages. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to study the activity of the abductor pollicis brevis and first dorsal interosseous fibers related to the execution of the required working tasks, while the force exerted during voluntary muscle contraction for pinch grip was measured by a portable acquisition system. The subjects were specifically asked to exert the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and further voluntary isometric contractions with a spontaneous force (SF) equal to 10%,20% and 50% of the MVIC; finally, the workers were asked to hold in pinch grip two types of envelopes, weighing 100 g and 500 g, respectively. Results: The force required to pinch 100 and 500 g envelopes by the fifteen subjects of the study corresponded to 4 and 5% MVIC, respectively. The corresponding sEMG average rectified values (ARV) were approximately 6% of that at MVIC for first dorsal interosseus (FDI) fibers and approximately 20–25% of MVIC for abductor pollicis brevis (ABP) fibers. Bivariate correlation analysis showed significant relationships between force at MVIC and FDI ARV at MCV. Conclusions: The obtained results demonstrate that muscle recruitment during pinch grip varies as a function of the SF: not only the position but also the exerted force should be considered when assessing the pinch grip as risk factor for biomechanical overload of the upper limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sala
- Unit of Occupational Health, Hygiene, Toxicology and Occupational Prevention, University Hospital Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Francesco Romagnoli
- Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (F.R.); (C.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Cesare Tomasi
- Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (F.R.); (C.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Jacopo Fostinelli
- Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (F.R.); (C.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Giuseppe De Palma
- Unit of Occupational Health, Hygiene, Toxicology and Occupational Prevention, University Hospital Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
- Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (F.R.); (C.T.); (J.F.)
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Tholl C, Bickmann P, Wechsler K, Froböse I, Grieben C. Musculoskeletal disorders in video gamers - a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:678. [PMID: 35842605 PMCID: PMC9288077 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Video gaming is a recreational activity with yearly increasing popularity. It is mostly a sedentary behavior combined with repetitive movements of the upper limbs. If performed excessively, these movements may promote strain injuries and a sedentary lifestyle is one of the contributing factors to musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to evaluate if video gaming negatively affects the musculoskeletal system of video gamers. Methods PubMed, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library were systematically searched in order to identify relevant peer reviewed original articles in English published between 2000 and 2021. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method was used for the analysis. Studies were included when they contained investigations of changes of the musculoskeletal system due to video gaming in healthy individuals. Studies with participants older than 60 years or solely psychological, social or cardiovascular outcomes were excluded. An adapted version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used for the risk of bias analysis. Results Sixteen observational studies involving a total of 62,987 participants met the inclusion criteria. A majority (11) of the studies reported statistical negative musculoskeletal changes due to video game playtime. Four studies did not report changes and one study found no effect of video game playtime on the musculoskeletal system. Out of the eleven studies, which demonstrated a negative impact of video game playtime on the musculoskeletal system, the most reported painful body parts were the neck (n = 4), shoulder (n = 4) and back (n = 3). Ten studies reported odds ratios (OR) for the dependence of the appearance of musculoskeletal disorders on video game playtime. In eight studies OR were significantly increased (1.3—5.2). Conclusion Eleven out of twelve studies demonstrated a negative impact of video game playtime on the musculoskeletal system. In particular, excessive video game playtimes (> 3 h/day) seemed to be a predictor for the appearance of musculoskeletal disorders. Due to their great popularity across multiple generations, specific and tailored prevention and health promotion programs for video gamers need to be developed to counteract this important public health issue. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-022-05614-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuck Tholl
- Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Peter Bickmann
- Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Konstantin Wechsler
- Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Ingo Froböse
- Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Lu D, Wang JH, Lu C, Liu ZL, Jain A, Ji F, Gu Q. Alleviating Pregastroscopy Anxiety Using Mobile Social Media Application. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:855892. [PMID: 35814771 PMCID: PMC9258686 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.855892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The research aimed to study the effect of using WeChat (a mobile social media application) on pregastroscopy anxiety and the cooperation of patients with different coping styles. Methods In order to decrease patients' pregastroscopy anxiety and improve the tolerance of unsedated gastroscopy, WeChat, a widely used mobile social media application, was applied to provide information prior to their endoscopic procedure. Two hundred and thirty patients who underwent initial unsedated gastroscopy in a large teaching hospital in China were classified into two groups based on their coping style: information seekers or information avoiders, using the Information Subscale of the Krantz Health Opinion Survey (KHOS-I). Each of the two groups was prospectively randomly assigned to either receiving the brochure information or conjunctive interactive WeChat-delivered information of gastroscopy. To measure the level of state anxiety, the State Anxiety Scale of Spielberg's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire was used. State anxiety, blood pressure and heart rate were measured at enrollment, upon arrival, and before gastroscopy. Results Information seekers and avoiders who received information from the brochure and the WeChat platform experienced significantly less state anxiety upon arrival and before gastroscopy. Furthermore, information seekers who received information from the conjunctive WeChat platform had lower frequency of retching, lower scores of nausea and bloating, and better tolerance. Information avoiders who received information from the conjunctive WeChat platform had lower frequency of retching, lower scores of discomfort while swallowing the scope and nausea, and better tolerance. However, we found the percentage of information seekers who preferred no WeChat-delivered pregastroscopy information is greater than WeChat-delivered information at the initial questionnaire. No significant difference was found in blood pressure or heart rate upon arrival and before gastroscopy. Conclusions Although people preferred no WeChat-delivered pregastroscopy information, the provision of gastroscopy information through a mobile social media application, such as WeChat, could significantly reduce patients' pregastroscopy anxiety, lower the frequency of retching, reduce the scores of nausea and bloating, and improve tolerance for information seekers. In addition, it could lower the frequency of retching, reduce the scores of discomfort while swallowing the scope and its concurrent nausea, and improve tolerance for information avoiders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Hua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Lv Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ajay Jain
- Meridian Medical Group, Indiana University Health Methodist Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Ji
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Qing Gu
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