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Zhu G, Wang X, Wang Y, Huang T, Zhang X, He J, Shi N, Chen J, Zhang J, Zhang M, Li J. Comparative transcriptomic study on the ovarian cancer between chicken and human. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104021. [PMID: 39002367 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The laying hen is the spontaneous model of ovarian tumor. A comprehensive comparison based on RNA-seq from hens and women may shed light on the molecular mechanisms of ovarian cancer. We performed next-generation sequencing of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles in 9 chicken ovarian cancers and 4 normal ovaries, which has been deposited in GSE246604. Together with 6 public datasets (GSE21706, GSE40376, GSE18520, GSE27651, GSE66957, TCGA-OV), we conducted a comparative transcriptomics study between chicken and human. In the present study, miR-451, miR-2188-5p, and miR-10b-5p were differentially expressed in normal ovaries, early- and late-stage ovarian cancers. We also disclosed 499 up-regulated genes and 1,061 down-regulated genes in chicken ovarian cancer. The molecular signals from 9 cancer hallmarks, 25 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and 369 Gene Ontology (GO) pathways exhibited abnormalities in ovarian cancer compared to normal ovaries via Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). In the comparative analysis across species, we have uncovered the conservation of 5 KEGG and 76 GO pathways between chicken and human including the mismatch repair and ECM receptor interaction pathways. Moreover, a total of 174 genes contributed to the core enrichment for these KEGG and GO pathways were identified. Among these genes, the 22 genes were found to be associated with overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer. In general, we revealed the microRNA profiles of ovarian cancers in hens and updated the mRNA profiles previously derived from microarrays. And we also disclosed the molecular pathways and core genes of ovarian cancer shared between hens and women, which informs model animal studies and gene-targeted drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhu
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianjiao Huang
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiliang He
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ningkun Shi
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juntao Chen
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiannan Zhang
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao Zhang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Ferreira GA, Thomé CH, Izumi C, Grassi ML, Lanfredi GP, Smolka M, Faça VM, Candido Dos Reis FJ. Proteomic analysis of exosomes secreted during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and potential biomarkers of mesenchymal high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:232. [PMID: 38031074 PMCID: PMC10685605 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promotes cell signaling and morphology alterations, contributing to cancer progression. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles containing proteins involved in cell-cell communication, have emerged as a potential source of biomarkers for several diseases. METHODS Our aim was to assess the proteome content of exosomes secreted after EMT-induction to identify potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer classification. EMT was induced in the ovarian cancer cell line CAOV3 by treating it with EGF (10 ng/mL) for 96 h following 24 h of serum deprivation. Subsequently, exosomes were isolated from the supernatant using selective centrifugation after decellularization, and their characteristics were determined. The proteins present in the exosomes were extracted, identified, and quantified using Label-Free-Quantification (LFQ) via Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). To identify potential biomarkers, the obtained proteomic data was integrated with the TGGA database for mRNA expression using principal component analysis and a conditional inference tree. RESULTS The exosomes derived from CAOV3 cells exhibited similar diameter and morphology, measuring approximately 150 nm, regardless of whether they were subjected to EMT stimulation or not. The proteomic analysis of proteins from CAOV3-derived exosomes revealed significant differential regulation of 157 proteins, with 100 showing upregulation and 57 downregulation upon EMT induction. Further comparison of the upregulated proteins with the TCGA transcriptomic data identified PLAU, LAMB1, COL6A1, and TGFB1 as potential biomarkers of the mesenchymal HGSOC subtype. CONCLUSIONS The induction of EMT, the isolation of exosomes, and the subsequent proteomic analysis highlight potential biomarkers for an aggressive ovarian cancer subtype. Further investigation into the role of these proteins is warranted to enhance our understanding of ovarian cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano Aguiar Ferreira
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, and Center for Cell Based Therapy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina Hassibe Thomé
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, and Center for Cell Based Therapy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Clarice Izumi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lopes Grassi
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pauperio Lanfredi
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcus Smolka
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Vitor Marcel Faça
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, and Center for Cell Based Therapy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Zhou Y, Sun S, Ling T, Chen Y, Zhou R, You Q. The role of fibroblast growth factor 18 in cancers: functions and signaling pathways. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1124520. [PMID: 37228502 PMCID: PMC10203589 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1124520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 18(FGF18) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family (FGFs). FGF18 is a class of bioactive substances that can conduct biological signals, regulate cell growth, participate in tissue repair and other functions, and can promote the occurrence and development of different types of malignant tumors through various mechanisms. In this review, we focus on recent studies of FGF18 in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of tumors in digestive, reproductive, urinary, respiratory, motor, and pediatric systems. These findings suggest that FGF18 may play an increasingly important role in the clinical evaluation of these malignancies. Overall, FGF18 can function as an important oncogene at different gene and protein levels, and can be used as a potential new therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sizheng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Ling
- Department of Biotherapy, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongzhen Chen
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongzhong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zaoyang First People’s Hosipital, Zaoyang, China
| | - Qiang You
- Department of Biotherapy, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Yang N, Yang C, Tan T, Wang Q, Lei X. Histology study and transcriptome analysis of the testis of Loach(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) in response to phenanthrene exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113950. [PMID: 35999765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene (PHE) is one of the most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAHs) in the aquatic environment. The loaches were exposed at concentrations of 0.30、1.00、3.00 mg L-1 for 60 days. The effects of PHE on the testis development were evaluated by calculating the survival rate, observing the structure of testis and analyzing transcriptome. Firstly, PHE markedly decreased the survival rate in a dose-dependent manner. Then, the number and density of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes and spermatids were substantially reduced under PHE exposure. The space in the seminiferous tubule obviously increased in the high PHE concentration group. Meanwhile, transcriptome comparative analysis identified 5329 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 2928 up-regulated and 2401 down-regulated in the testis of loach exposed PHE for 60 days. Meiotic cell cycle, arganelle fission, ATPase activity and adenylate nucleotide binding were significantly differences by GO (Gene Ontology) enrichment. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analysis revealed that TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) signaling pathway, CAMs (Cell Adhesion Molecules), cytochrome P450 and lipid metabolism were markedly regulated. In addition, eight DEGs were randomly selected from the testis transcriptomics results for qPCR verification, the results were consistent with RNA-Seq. Finally, related genes (piwil2, dmc1, vasa, ubr2, dnd, rnf17, plcb2, c-fos, gpx4) of testis development were further confirmed and they were differentially regulated after PHE exposure. In summary, a survey of the mechanism of loach testis response to PHE was performed, and a large number of gene expression levels regarding metabolism, spermatogenesis and immunity genes were acquired from RNA-seq. This study provide informations for elucidating the molecular mechanism of PHE affected the testis development of loach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Chaochao Yang
- College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Ting Tan
- College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Xin Lei
- College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China.
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Meng L, Zhang Q, Huang X. Abnormal 5-methylcytosine lncRNA methylome is involved in human high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:13625-13639. [PMID: 35035702 PMCID: PMC8748087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Methylcytosine (m5C) is an important posttranscriptional RNA methylation modification. Studies have reported that aberrant RNA methylation can regulate tumorigenesis and development, indicating the importance of exploring the distribution and biological functions of m5C modification in human high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) lncRNAs. In the current study, we identified 2,050 dysregulated m5C peaks, 1,767 of which were significantly upregulated, while 283 were significantly downregulated by performing methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing on 3 pairs of human HGSOC tissues and paired normal tissues. GO enrichment analysis showed that genes altered by the m5C peak played a key role in phylogeny, protein metabolism, and gene mismatch repair. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these genes were enriched in some important pathways in cancer regulation, such as the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, transcriptional dysregulation in cancer, and mismatch repair pathways. In addition, through joint analysis of MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq data, we identified 1671 differentially methylated m5C peaks and synchronous differentially expressed genes. These genes play a key role in cell growth or maintenance, RNA metabolism and material transport. We analyzed expression of the m5C modification regulatory gene collagen type IV alpha 3 chain (COL4A3) in 80 HGSOC tissue samples by immunohistochemistry and found that high expression of COL4A3 was significantly correlated with CA125 level (P=0.016), lymph node metastasis (P<0.001), degree of interstitial invasion (P<0.001) and FIGO staging (P<0.001) and indicated a poorer prognosis. Our results revealed the critical role of m5C methylation of lncRNAs in HGSOC, and provided a reference for the prognostic stratification and treatment strategy of HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Meng
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Xianghua Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
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Diao B, Yang P. Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression and Prognosis for Laminin Genes in Ovarian Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609855. [PMID: 34512203 PMCID: PMC8423899 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Survival is low in ovarian cancer (OC). Most OC patients demonstrate advanced metastases, and recurrence is common. Dysregulation of laminin interactions is associated with cancer development. However, it is unknown whether laminin subunits can be considered as biomarkers for OC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. We used cBioPortal, GEO, ONCOMINE, GEPIA, Human Protein Atlas, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, TIMER, and Metascape to determine the associations among laminin expression, prognosis, and immune cell infiltration in OC. LAMA5, LAMB3, and LAMC2 mRNAs and LAMA3, LAMB1/B2/B3, and LAMC1/C2 proteins were overexpressed in OC tissues compared with normal ovaries. LAMA4, LAMB1, and LAMC1 mRNA upregulation was positively correlated with worse overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in OC. Elevated LAMA2 and LAMC2 mRNA expression levels were related to better PFS or OS, respectively. The results speculated that LAMA5 could potentially be a good prognostic factor in OC. Its expression proves valuable for predicting OS in patients diagnosed with stage Ⅳ and grade 3 OC and PFS in patients diagnosed with all OC stages or grades. LAMB3 and LAMC2 expression was correlated with platinum resistance development. ROC analysis of laminins in OC sets revealed that LAMA2/A4/A5, LAMB1/B2/B3, and LAMC2 could be used to differentiate between malignant tumors and non-neoplastic tissues. LAMA1/A5 and LAMC1 were significantly and negatively correlated with various tumor immune infiltrates (TILs), especially with dendritic cells, CD8+ T cells or neutrophil. LAMA4 and LAMB1 might be associated with tumor purity in OC. Overall, LAMA5 and LAMC1 could help predict OC survival and diagnosis and might be deemed important OC oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Diao
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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LAMA3 DNA methylation and transcriptome changes associated with chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:67. [PMID: 33992120 PMCID: PMC8126133 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective LAMA3 is a widely studied methylated gene in multiple tumors, but the relationship between chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer is unclear. In this study, LAMA3 methylation was predicted by bioinformatics, and the ability of LAMA3 methylation to predict the chemotherapy resistance and prognosis of ovarian cancer was confirmed in experiments. Methods Multiple databases have performed the bioinformatics analysis of methylation and transcription factor binding site (TFBS) on the promoter region of LAMA3 gene. Pyrosequencing detected the methylation of LAMA3. QRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry detected the expression of LAMA3. Real Time Cell Analyzer (RTCA) detects changes in cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. Results CPG islands of 176 bp, 134 bp, 125 bp and 531 bp were predicted in the promoter region of LAMA3 gene. The 4 prediction results are basically overlapped. 7 transcription factor binding sites were predicted, and the one with the highest score was on the predicted CpG island located in the proximal promoter region. LAMA3 hypermethylation and low expression are both associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. LAMA3 methylation was negatively correlated with expression. After upregulation of LAMA3, the proliferation ability of chemoresistant ovarian cancer cell decreased, while the ability of apoptosis, invasion and migration increased. Conclusion LAMA3 hypermethylation is associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis. As a typical CpG island gene, LAMA3(cg20937934) and LAMA3(cg13270625) hypermethylation is negatively correlated with low expression. LAMA3 promotes the invasion, migration and apoptosis of SKOV3DDP. In the future, the mechanism of LAMA3 methylation in ovarian cancer will need to be further studied. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13048-021-00807-y.
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Kuhara K, Kitagawa T, Baron B, Tokuda K, Sakamoto K, Nagano H, Nakamura K, Kobayashi M, Nagayasu H, Kuramitsu Y. Proteomic Analysis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissues With Encapsulation Shows Up-regulation of Leucine Aminopeptidase 3 and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase 2. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:307-316. [PMID: 33893083 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cancer is the most fatal disease worldwide whose most lethal characteristics are invasion and metastasis. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most fatal cancers worldwide. HCC often shows encapsulation, which is related to better prognosis. In this study, proteomic analysis of HCC tissues with and without encapsulation was performed, in order to elucidate the factors which play important roles in encapsulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five HCC tissues surrounded by a capsule and five HCC tissues which broke the capsule were obtained from patients diagnosed with HCC who underwent surgical liver resection. Protein samples from these tissues were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), and the protein spots whose expression was different between encapsulated and non-encapsulated HCC tissues were identified through gel imaging analysis software. The selected protein spots were analyzed and identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS Two-DE analysis showed 14 spots whose expression was different between encapsulated and non-encapsulated HCC tissues. Of these, 9 were up-regulated and 5 were down-regulated in HCC tissues without encapsulation. The validation by Western blot confirmed that leucine aminopeptidase 3 (LAP3) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mitochondrial (PCK2) were up-regulated significantly in HCC tissues with a capsule, compared to HCC tissues that broke the capsule. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that LAP3 and PCK2 could be factors responsible for the maintenance of encapsulation in HCC tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kuhara
- Advanced Research Promotion Centre, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Takao Kitagawa
- Advanced Research Promotion Centre, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Byron Baron
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Kazuhiro Tokuda
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakamura
- Centre of Clinical Laboratories in Tokuyama Medical Association Hospital, Shunan, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kobayashi
- Advanced Research Promotion Centre, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagayasu
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuramitsu
- Advanced Research Promotion Centre, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan;
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