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Gómez-Martín MC, Rodríguez-Benjumeda LM, de Eguilior-Mestre MC, Lozano-Domínguez MC, Luque-Márquez R, Jódar-Sánchez F, Aznar-Martín J, Donaire-Granado JA, Luque-Romero LG. [Epidemiology of leptospirosis in the wetlands of Southern Spain]. GACETA SANITARIA 2023; 37:102288. [PMID: 36804781 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2023.102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find out whether the leptospirosis incidence rate among red swamp crayfish collectors in the harvesting season is higher than in the general population, and to identify risk factors and assess the direct and indirect health costs associated with leptospirosis seroconversion. METHOD This study was carried out between 1 July 2017 and 31 March 2018 in the municipality of Isla Mayor (Seville, Spain). It took the form of a prospective cohort study (exposed population: swamp crayfish collectors; non-exposed population: general population). The population was invited to take part in a prevalence study to be conducted using the ELISA qualitative technique, and informed consent was obtained from those who agreed. Negative serology cases were then included in the cohort study. Both cohorts were monitored clinically and symptomatic cases were serology tested. A second serum sample was taken from the swamp crayfish collectors at the end of the monitoring period to detect asymptomatic cases. Serovars were confirmed by microscopic agglutination testing. A bivariate descriptive analysis was carried out and cumulative incidence and relative risk were calculated, with positive serology being taken as the dependent variable. RESULTS A total of 278 people were included in the study, of whom 92 made up the swamp crayfish collectors cohort and 186 the general population cohort. Women made up 46.8% of the sample, but only 29.3% of the collectors cohort. The mean age was 45.1 (±16.4) years. Nine cases of seroconversion were detected: eight among swamp crayfish collectors and one in the general population. Overall cumulative incidence was therefore 3.2%: 8.7% in the exposed group and 0.5% in the non-exposed group. Relative risk was 16.2% (95% confidence interval: 2.1-127.4). The total cost of medical assistance and illness-related losses associated with leptospirosis was 1568€/case. CONCLUSIONS Leptospirosis in Isla Mayor is strongly associated with red swamp crayfish collecting. It's incidence here is much higher than that reported in studies published in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Gómez-Martín
- Unidad de Protección de la Salud, Distrito Sanitario Aljarafe-Sevilla Norte, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Centro de Salud Ciudad Expo, Mairena del Aljarafe (Sevilla), España
| | - Luis Miguel Rodríguez-Benjumeda
- Unidad de Prevención, Promoción y Vigilancia de la Salud, Distrito Sanitario Aljarafe-Sevilla Norte, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Centro de Salud Ciudad Expo, Mairena del Aljarafe (Sevilla), España
| | - María Carmen de Eguilior-Mestre
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Coria del Río, Distrito Sanitario Aljarafe-Sevilla Norte, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Centro de Salud Blas Infante, Coria del Río (Sevilla), España
| | - María Carmen Lozano-Domínguez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología Clínica y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Sevilla, España
| | - Rafael Luque-Márquez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología Clínica y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Sevilla, España
| | - Francisco Jódar-Sánchez
- Departamento de Economía Aplicada (Estadística y Econometría), Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Javier Aznar-Martín
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología Clínica y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Sevilla, España; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Sevilla, IBIS (Universidad de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Junta de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Sevilla, España; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
| | | | - Luis Gabriel Luque-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación, Distrito Sanitario Aljarafe-Sevilla Norte, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Sevilla, España; Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España.
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Calvo-Anguiano G, Lugo-Trampe JDJ, Ponce-García G, Lugo-Trampe A, Martinez-Garza LE, Ibarra-Ramirez M, Campos-Acevedo LD, Caballero-Sosa S, Juache-Villagrana AE, Fernández-Salas I, Flores-Suarez AE, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, Trujillo-Murillo KDC. Molecular Characterization of Associated Pathogens in Febrile Patients during Inter-Epidemic Periods of Urban Arboviral Diseases in Tapachula Southern Mexico. Pathogens 2021; 10:1450. [PMID: 34832606 PMCID: PMC8618676 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging vector-borne infections are a global public health threat. In endemic regions, fever is the main reason for medical attention, and the etiological agent of such fever is not usually identified. In this study, non-specific febrile pathogens were molecularly characterized in serum samples from 253 patients suspected of arbovirus infection. The samples were collected in the southern border region of Mexico from April to June 2015, and February to March 2016. ZIKV, CHIKV, DENV, leptospirosis, and rickettsiosis were detected by qPCR and nested PCR to identify flavivirus and alphavirus genera. The results indicated that 71.93% of the samples were positive for CHIKV, 0.79% for ZIKV, and 0.39% for DENV, with the number positive for CHIKV increasing to 76.67% and those positive for ZIKV increasing to 15.41% under the nested PCR technique. Leptospira Kmetyi was identified for the first time in Mexico, with a prevalence of 3.16%. This is the first report of ZIKV in Mexico, as well the first detection of the virus in early 2015. In conclusion, the etiological agent of fever was determined in 94% of the analyzed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovana Calvo-Anguiano
- Departamento Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (G.C.-A.); (J.d.J.L.-T.); (L.E.M.-G.); (M.I.-R.); (L.D.C.-A.)
| | - José de Jesús Lugo-Trampe
- Departamento Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (G.C.-A.); (J.d.J.L.-T.); (L.E.M.-G.); (M.I.-R.); (L.D.C.-A.)
| | - Gustavo Ponce-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (G.P.-G.); (A.E.J.-V.); (I.F.-S.); (A.E.F.-S.); (I.P.R.-S.)
| | - Angel Lugo-Trampe
- Facultad de Medicina Humana “Dr. Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula 30792, Chiapas, Mexico;
| | - Laura Elia Martinez-Garza
- Departamento Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (G.C.-A.); (J.d.J.L.-T.); (L.E.M.-G.); (M.I.-R.); (L.D.C.-A.)
| | - Marisol Ibarra-Ramirez
- Departamento Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (G.C.-A.); (J.d.J.L.-T.); (L.E.M.-G.); (M.I.-R.); (L.D.C.-A.)
| | - Luis Daniel Campos-Acevedo
- Departamento Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (G.C.-A.); (J.d.J.L.-T.); (L.E.M.-G.); (M.I.-R.); (L.D.C.-A.)
| | - Sandra Caballero-Sosa
- Clínica Hospital Dr. Roberto Nettel Flores, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Av. Tuxtepec y Oaxaca S/N, Francisco Villa, Tapachula 30740, Chiapas, Mexico;
| | - Alan Esteban Juache-Villagrana
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (G.P.-G.); (A.E.J.-V.); (I.F.-S.); (A.E.F.-S.); (I.P.R.-S.)
| | - Ildefonso Fernández-Salas
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (G.P.-G.); (A.E.J.-V.); (I.F.-S.); (A.E.F.-S.); (I.P.R.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Mutualismo, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Adriana Elizabeth Flores-Suarez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (G.P.-G.); (A.E.J.-V.); (I.F.-S.); (A.E.F.-S.); (I.P.R.-S.)
| | - Iram Pablo Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (G.P.-G.); (A.E.J.-V.); (I.F.-S.); (A.E.F.-S.); (I.P.R.-S.)
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