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Constantin M, Mătanie C, Petrescu L, Bolocan A, Andronic O, Bleotu C, Mitache MM, Tudorache S, Vrancianu CO. Landscape of Genetic Mutations in Appendiceal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3591. [PMID: 37509254 PMCID: PMC10377024 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In appendiceal cancers, the most frequently mutated genes are (i) KRAS, which, when reactivated, restores signal transduction via the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway and stimulates cell proliferation in the early stages of tumor transformation, and then angiogenesis; (ii) TP53, whose inactivation leads to the inhibition of programmed cell death; (iii) GNAS, which, when reactivated, links the cAMP pathway to the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway, stimulating cell proliferation and angiogenesis; (iv) SMAD4, exhibiting typical tumor-suppressive activity, blocking the transmission of oncogenic TGFB signals via the SMAD2/SMAD3 heterodimer; and (v) BRAF, which is part of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Diverse mutations are reported in other genes, which are part of secondary or less critical signaling pathways for tumor progression, but which amplify the phenotypic diversity of appendiceal cancers. In this review, we will present the main genetic mutations involved in appendix tumors and their roles in cell proliferation and survival, and in tumor invasiveness, angiogenesis, and acquired resistance to anti-growth signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Constantin
- Institute of Biology of Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Mătanie
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics (DAFAB), Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Livia Petrescu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics (DAFAB), Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Bolocan
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Andronic
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Life, Environmental and Earth Sciences Division, The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Sorin Tudorache
- Faculty of Medicine, "Titu Maiorescu" University, 040441 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corneliu Ovidiu Vrancianu
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Microbiology-Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
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Ye S, Zheng S. Comprehensive Understanding and Evolutional Therapeutic Schemes for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei: A Literature Review. Am J Clin Oncol 2022; 45:223-231. [PMID: 35446281 PMCID: PMC9028300 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomyxoma peritonei is an infrequent solid tumor in clinical practice. The low morbidity and deficient understanding of this mucus-secreting malignant disease increase the risks of delayed identification or uncontrollable deterioration. In quite a lot cases, patients go through complete cytoreduction surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy could receive a long time survival over 5 years. But the recurrence rate is also hard to overlook. Unlike other types of cancer, the standard treatment for this considerable groups has not been confirmed yet. With the advanced medical progression, studies have been carrying out based on pathogenesis, biological characters, and mutated gene location. All but a few get statistical survival benefits, let alone the breaking progress on research or therapeutic practice in the field. We try to give a comprehensive exposition of pseudomyxoma peritonei around the epidemiology, radiologic features, clinical manifestation, present treatment and promising schemes, hoping to arise much attention and reflection on the feasible solutions, especially for the recrudescent part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suiting Ye
- Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Song Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Novel Perspectives in Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235965. [PMID: 34885075 PMCID: PMC8656832 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pseudomyxoma Peritonei (PMP) represents a rare entity which greatly benefits from Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS) associated with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC). In fact, CRS-HIPEC represents the treatment with potential chances of cure and long-term disease control of patients affected by PMP. This therapeutic strategy should be performed in referral centers, where a consolidated know-how of this locoregional treatment and a multidisciplinary approach are available. CRS-HIPEC provides excellent results for PMP patients in terms of postoperative outcome, overall and disease-free survival, and quality of life. However, in patients with an extensive or recurrent disease, few therapeutic opportunities are available. This review is focused on the most recent clinical evidence and provides a better understanding of the molecular prognostic factors and potential therapeutic targets in this rare malignancy. Abstract Pseudomyxoma Peritonei (PMP) is an anatomo-clinical condition characterized by the implantation of neoplastic cells on peritoneal surfaces with the production of a large amount of mucin. The rarity of the disease precludes the evaluation of treatment strategies within randomized controlled trials. Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS) combined with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) has proven to be the only therapeutic option with potential chances of cure and long-term disease control. The present review discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and treatment of PMP, focusing on the molecular factors involved in tumor progression and mucin production that could be used, in the upcoming future, to improve patient selection for surgery and to expand the therapeutic armamentarium.
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