Jiang M, Yang J, Zou H, Li M, Sun W, Kong X. Monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (MHR) and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a nationwide cohort study in the United States.
Lipids Health Dis 2022;
21:30. [PMID:
35300686 PMCID:
PMC8931976 DOI:
10.1186/s12944-022-01638-6]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Elevated monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (MHR) is relevant to higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery disease and other comorbidities. However, the predictive values of MHR for mortality in the general population have been underutilized. This study investigated the association of MHR with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the adult population of the United States.
Methods
This study included 34,335 participants (≥20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2014 that were grouped according to MHR tertiles. Kaplan-Meier plots and long-rank tests were employed to investigate differences in survival among the groups. Moreover, the relationship of MHR with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was further explored using multivariate Cox regression and restricted cubic spline analysis.
Results
During the average follow-up of 93.5 ± 56 months, 4310 (12.6%) participants died, with 754 (2.2%) deaths attributed to cardiovascular diseases. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed statistically obvious differences in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among the MHR tertiles (log-rank test: all P < 0.001). In multi-adjusted models, participants in the highest tertile of MHR had an increased risk of all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–1.29) and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.17–1.77), compared to those in the lowest tertile. Furthermore, the restricted cubic spline curve indicated that MHR had a non-linear association with all-cause mortality (P < 0.001), and the inflection point of MHR was 0.006. Each 2-fold change in MHR exhibited a 32% decrease (HR = 0.68, 95%CI 0.58–0.82) and a 20% increase (HR = 1.20, 95%CI 1.13–1.27) in the risk of all-cause mortality on the left and right flanks of the inflection point, respectively. Additionally, the risk of cardiovascular mortality increased by 21% per 2-fold change in MHR (HR = 1.21, 95%CI 1.07–1.36) in a linear manner.
Conclusions
MHR was significantly related to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population independent of established risk factors.
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