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Larnaudie A, Giraud P, Naessens C, Stefan D, Clavère P, Balosso J. Radiotherapy of skin adnexal carcinoma. Cancer Radiother 2023:S1278-3218(23)00062-8. [PMID: 37080860 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Skin adnexal carcinomas are rare skin cancer, developing from pilosebaceous, eccrine and apocrine unit. Treatment of localised tumours usually includes surgery and radiotherapy. Indications and modalities of radiotherapy depend on the pathological subtype with a lack of consensus for some histologies. This review summarises the place of radiotherapy in terms of indication, dose and fractionation, volumes to irradiate and discuss ongoing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Larnaudie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, centre François-Baclesse, 3, avenue du Général-Harris, 14000 Caen, France; Department of Radiation Oncology, Dupuytren University Hospital, 2, avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87000 Limoges, France.
| | - P Giraud
- Radiation Oncology, Pitié Salpêtrière, Charles-Foix University Hospital, 47-83, boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; Médecine Sorbonne universités, 91-105, boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - C Naessens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dupuytren University Hospital, 2, avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - D Stefan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, centre François-Baclesse, 3, avenue du Général-Harris, 14000 Caen, France
| | - P Clavère
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dupuytren University Hospital, 2, avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - J Balosso
- Department of Radiation Oncology, centre François-Baclesse, 3, avenue du Général-Harris, 14000 Caen, France
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2
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Adnexal and Sebaceous Carcinomas. Dermatol Clin 2022; 41:117-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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3
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Mall A, Kingsley P, Negi P, Gupta P. Trichoblastic carcinoma: A cautionary tale. JOURNAL OF RADIATION AND CANCER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_42_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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4
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Metastatic trichoblastic carcinoma in the setting of trichoblastomatosis and multiple facial trichoepitheliomas. JAAD Case Rep 2021; 16:127-129. [PMID: 34584923 PMCID: PMC8455310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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5
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Clinicopathological features of trichoblastomas and malignant variant:trichoblastic carcinoma. MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.943131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Boettler MA, Shahwan KT, Abidi NY, Carr DR. Trichoblastic carcinoma: a comprehensive review of the literature. Arch Dermatol Res 2021; 314:399-403. [PMID: 33993349 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-021-02241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Trichoblastic carcinoma is a rare neoplasm thought to arise from malignant degeneration of benign follicular tumors. Its clinical features, optimal treatment, and outcomes remain largely unknown. We performed a comprehensive review of the existing trichoblastic carcinoma literature. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for keywords related to trichoblastic carcinoma, and additional articles were found in reference lists. Cases with a histopathologic diagnosis of trichoblastic carcinoma were summarized. A total of 93 cases have been described, all in case reports or case series. The average age was 65, with 66.7% of cases in males. A minority of patients had familial tumor syndromes or a history of radiation at the site, and only one was reported to be immunosuppressed. The most common site was the face (48.4%), and the majority developed de novo (87.1%). The clinical presentation was highly variable. Although most cases (82.8%) were successfully treated with surgery alone, a subset of patients had more aggressive disease including local progression or recurrence in five cases, nodal metastases in five cases, and distant metastases in three cases. Trichoblastic carcinoma is a rare malignancy with the potential for aggressive behavior. Further research is needed to better characterize this neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn T Shahwan
- Division of Dermatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nadia Y Abidi
- Division of Dermatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Dermatology, St. Luke's University Health Network, Easton, PA, USA
| | - David R Carr
- Division of Dermatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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7
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Płachta I, Kleibert M, Czarnecka AM, Spałek M, Szumera-Ciećkiewicz A, Rutkowski P. Current Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Cutaneous Adnexal Neoplasms with Follicular Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4759. [PMID: 33946233 PMCID: PMC8125718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplasms derived from follicular tissue are extremely rare. Clinically, they are reported as non-symptomatic, slow-growing nodules. These lesions are mainly benign, but the malignant type can occur. Mainly middle-aged people (50-60 years of age) are affected. These carcinomas are mainly localized on the head and neck or torso. They can be locally aggressive and infiltrate surrounding tissue and metastasize to regional lymph nodes. In the minority of cases, distant metastases are diagnosed. Quick and relevant diagnosis is the basis of a treatment for all types of tumors. The patient's life expectancy depends on multiple prognostic factors, including the primary tumor size and its mitotic count. Patients should be referred to a specialized skin cancer center to receive optimal multidisciplinary treatment. This article tries to summarize all the information that is currently available about pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment methods of follicular tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Płachta
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (I.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (P.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kleibert
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (I.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (P.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (I.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Mateusz Spałek
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (I.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (I.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (P.R.)
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8
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Yaacoub E, El Borgi J, Challita R, Sleiman Z, Ghanime G. Pinna high grade trichoblastic carcinoma, a report. Clin Pract 2020; 10:1204. [PMID: 32952982 PMCID: PMC7482185 DOI: 10.4081/cp.2020.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant hair follicle tumor. It resembles basal cell carcinoma clinically, but different studies emphasize on the importance of differentiating between these two cancers since they have different clinical course which may affect treatment options and follow up. Regardless of its aggressive behavior, no consensus is present for the treatment of trichoblastic carcinoma. We presented the third case of pinna trichoblastic carcinoma, which was surgically excised and followed up for two years post-surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Yaacoub
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut
| | - Joseph El Borgi
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut
| | - Raymond Challita
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut
| | - Ziad Sleiman
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut
| | - George Ghanime
- Head, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Lebanese Hospital Geitaoui-UMC, Beirut, Lebanon
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Malakar J, Choudhury D, Som S, Sharma M. Trichoblastic Carcinoma of the Scalp: a Case Report on a Rare Condition. Indian J Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-019-02003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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10
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Abstract
Trichoblastic carcinoma is an uncommon malignant neoplasm arising from follicular germinative cells. The high-grade trichoblastic carcinoma has been reported with lymphatic and hematogenous dissemination. The authors present a 59-year-old man with gluteal cleft trichoblastic carcinoma and highlight the useful role of serial F-FDG PET/CT examinations in the demonstration of initial and subsequent nodal metastasis in the inguina and pelvis.
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11
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Zaouak A, Koubaa W, Ebdelli W, Hammami H, Fenniche S. A pigmented nodule on the neck. Int J Dermatol 2019; 58:545-547. [PMID: 30950523 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Zaouak
- Dermatology Department, Research Unit "Genodermatoses and cancers" LR12SP03, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Koubaa
- Anatomopathology Department, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wissal Ebdelli
- Dermatology Department, Research Unit "Genodermatoses and cancers" LR12SP03, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Houda Hammami
- Dermatology Department, Research Unit "Genodermatoses and cancers" LR12SP03, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samy Fenniche
- Dermatology Department, Research Unit "Genodermatoses and cancers" LR12SP03, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
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12
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Fulton EH, Kaley JR, Gardner JM. Skin Adnexal Tumors in Plain Language: A Practical Approach for the General Surgical Pathologist. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2019; 143:832-851. [PMID: 30638401 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0189-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Skin adnexal tumors, those neoplasms deriving from hair follicles and sweat glands, are often a source of confusion amongst even experienced pathologists. Many well-described entities have overlapping features, tumors are often only partially sampled, and many cases do not fit neatly into well-established classification schemes. OBJECTIVES.— To simplify categorization of adnexal tumors for the general surgical pathologist and to shed light on many of the diagnostic dilemmas commonly encountered in daily practice. The following review breaks adnexal neoplasms into 3 groups: sebaceous, sweat gland-derived, and follicular. DATA SOURCES.— Pathology reference texts and primary literature regarding adnexal tumors. CONCLUSIONS.— Review of the clinical and histopathologic features of primary cutaneous adnexal tumors, and the diagnostic dilemmas they create, will assist the general surgical pathologist in diagnosing these often challenging lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward H Fulton
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | - Jennifer R Kaley
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | - Jerad M Gardner
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
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Lee JS, Kwon JH, Jung GS, Lee JW, Yang JD, Chung HY, Cho BC, Choi KY. A giant trichoblastic carcinoma. Arch Craniofac Surg 2018; 19:275-278. [PMID: 30613089 PMCID: PMC6325323 DOI: 10.7181/acfs.2018.02124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoblastic carcinoma usually occurs as a malignant transformation of the trichoblastoma, but is very rare. A 25-year-old man was admitted with trichoblastoma in the nuchal area with frequent recurrences since birth. The preoperative neck magnetic resonance image revealed lobulated soft tissue lesions involving superficial fascia and infiltrating into both proximal trapezius muscles. In our department, wide excision and reconstruction with a free anterolateral thigh flap were performed. Histological examination revealed skin adnexal carcinoma, originating from the hair follicles, consistent with trichoblastic carcinoma. There was no palpable mass 5 years postoperatively, and there was no recurrence on follow-up positron emission tomography-computed tomography. Trichoblastic carcinomas are rare and difficult to diagnose, but histopathological findings include atypical basaloid keratinocytes with crowded, hyperchromatic nuclei, and increased mitotic activity. The presence of hypercellular stroma is a criterion for distinguishing trichoblastic carcinoma from basal cell carcinoma. A rare giant trichoblastic carcinoma was reported, which was the biggest one in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Seok Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Joon Hyun Kwon
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Gyu Sik Jung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Dug Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ho Yun Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung Chae Cho
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kang Young Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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14
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[Why is it important to differentiate trichoblastic carcinomas (CT) from basal cell carcinomas (CBC). About 21 cases]. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2017; 62:212-218. [PMID: 28385570 DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Trichoblastic carcinoma is a rare epithelial malignant epithelial tumor, its diagnosis is difficult and the therapeutic management is non-consensual. This retrospective study, carried out between 2009 and 2015, covered 21 cases and analyzed the diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of trichoblastic carcinomas. Sex ratio is 2. Trichoblastic carcinoma predominated in the face (65% of cases), particularly in perinasal (30% of cases). Its clinical presentation is in 95% of cases as basal cell carcinoma, which is the first clinical diagnosis evoked. The average size of the tumors was 2.3cm in diameter (from 0.7cm to 15cm). The treatment of these tumors is surgical: the margins retained were on average 0.7cm (0.5cm to 1cm). The first excision was mostly performed under local anesthesia, healthy borders were found in less than 40% of cases, requiring another intervention under general anesthesia with reconstruction by flap or skin graft in nearly 80% of cases. The lymph node metastasis rate was 5%. Three cases of recurrence (17%) occurred between 18 months and 6 years follow-up, despite complete resection. One case recurred three times. These results highlight the difficulty of diagnosing trichoblastic carcinomas, often confused with basal cell carcinomas. Though larger, poorly limited and infiltrating, trichoblastic carcinomas are not really distinguished from basal cell carcinomas. Only the anatomopathological examination of the excision piece make it possible to conclude, the biopsy being most often insufficient. Their local aggressiveness requires a greater margin of excision. The micrographic analysis of Mohs, for the periorificial lesions of the face, would reduce margins, increase their reliability and limit the number of surgical revisions. Finally, the literature reports a high rate of ganglion and visceral metastases (between 9.5 and 11%). Initial search for distal lymph node or metastatic involvement is essential, as well as regular clinical follow-up.
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15
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Trichoblastic Carcinoma Arising from a Nevus Sebaceous. Arch Plast Surg 2016; 43:297-9. [PMID: 27218034 PMCID: PMC4876165 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2016.43.3.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Penev J, Bakardzhiev I, Chokoeva AA, Wollina U, Tchernev G. Disseminated trichoblastomas - successfull treatment with CO 2 laser. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:e219-e220. [PMID: 26695190 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Penev
- Bul. Hristo Smirnenski, DKC "Saint Marina", Varna, Bulgaria
| | - I Bakardzhiev
- Medical College, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - A A Chokoeva
- "Onkoderma"- Policlinic for Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - U Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Germany
| | - G Tchernev
- Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Golbar HM, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Fujita D, Sasai H, Yamate J. A collision tumour consisting of malignant trichoblastoma and melanosarcoma in a rabbit. J Comp Pathol 2014; 151:63-6. [PMID: 24811274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A 7-year-old mixed breed neutered female rabbit (Orytolagus cuniculus) developed a solitary black nodular mass (1 cm in diameter) in the skin of the right flank. Microscopically, the mass consisted of an admixture of neoplastic trichoblasts and melanocytes. The former were arranged as solid, trabecular, island-like and gland-like structures and the cells had oval nuclei with prominent nucleoli and lightly eosinophilic scant cytoplasm. The latter population exhibited prominent nuclear atypia and high mitotic index in the clusters of a few cells or single cells. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic trichoblasts expressed cytokeratins and E-cadherin, while the neoplastic melanocytes expressed vimentin, S100 protein, melan-A and melanoma antigen. A diagnosis of collision tumour involving malignant trichoblastoma and melanosarcoma was made.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Golbar
- Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - T Izawa
- Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - M Kuwamura
- Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - D Fujita
- Kitasuma Animal Hospital, 9-5-8 Yokoo, Suma Ward, Kobe City, Hyogo 654-0131, Japan
| | - H Sasai
- Kitasuma Animal Hospital, 9-5-8 Yokoo, Suma Ward, Kobe City, Hyogo 654-0131, Japan
| | - J Yamate
- Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.
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